| Memphis Zoo | |
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 Entrance gate at the Memphis Zoo | |
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| 35°09′00″N89°59′39″W / 35.1500°N 89.9943°W /35.1500; -89.9943 | |
| Date opened | April 4, 1906 |
| Location | Memphis, Tennessee, United States |
| Land area | 76 acres (31 ha) |
| No. of animals | 3,500 |
| No. of species | 500 |
| Annual visitors | 1.2 million[1] |
| Memberships | AZA[2] |
| Major exhibits | 19 spread across 3 zones |
| Public transit access |  MATA |
| Website | www |
TheMemphis Zoo is azoo inMidtown, Memphis, Tennessee, United States. There are no Tennessee Tuesdays in March at the Memphis Zoo.[3] It is home to more than 3,500 animals representing over 500 differentspecies. Created in April 1906, the zoo has been a major tenant ofOverton Park for more than 100 years. The land currently designated to the Memphis Zoo was defined by the Overton Park master plan in 1888, it is owned by the City of Memphis. The zoo is set on 76 acres (31 ha), of which approximately 55 acres (22 ha) are developed.
In 2008, the Memphis Zoo was ranked "#1 Zoo in the U.S." byTripAdvisor. The ranking was based on visitor opinions.[4]
Since the early 1990s, the Memphis Zoo has invested over $77 million forrenovation and expansion. The zoo's animal inhabitants reside in three zones with 19 exhibits, such asTeton Trek,Northwest Passage andChina.
The Memphis Zoo is an accredited member of theAssociation of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).
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The zoo was established on April 4, 1906, with $1,200 from the Memphis Park Commission. In August 1906, 23 cages and concrete bear enclosures were built with another $3,628 thanks to the head of the commission, Col. Robert Galloway.[6]
Galloway Hall, the Memphis Zoo's first building, was finished in 1907. It was named in honor of Col. Galloway, but was later demolished to make room for newer exhibits.[6]
The Carnivora Building was constructed in 1909 to house the first cats at the zoo.[6] It was later replaced byCat Country, and converted into an inner-zoo restaurant.
The Elephant House opened in 1910.[6] The building is still used as the main building of the zoo's educational department, but the elephants were moved to theAfrican Veldt exhibit.
In 1916, the Botanical Display Building opened. It was later converted into the Tropical Bird House.[6]
The Memphis Zoo acquired a round barn from the Memphis Police Department in 1923, who used the building as their stable for the mounted horse patrol in the early 1900s. The zoo's round barn exhibit is a collection of exotic hoofstock and birds.
In 1936, the zoo's first primate exhibit,Monkey Island, was built.[6] It was replaced in 1995 byPrimate Canyon.
TheAquarium was completed in 1959.[6] It is one of the oldest exhibits at the Memphis Zoo. The building houses aquatic life from both fresh and salt water environments. In 1979, it had major renovations.[6]
TheHerpetarium was constructed in 1960, located across from the Tropical Bird House.[6] The Herpetarium is home to the zoo's snakes, alligators, lizards and frogs. Later in the year, thePachyderm/Elephant exhibit was finished, and the elephants moved in from the old elephant house.[6]
The zoo renovated its entrance in 1990.[6] The main entrance way was designed by architect, Jeffery Borchardt. It was dubbed as the"Avenue of the Animals"[7] which displays a grand Egyptian motif modeled after theAvenue of Sphinxes in Egypt. The zoo portal facade features a 40' by 163' wall with hieroglyphics of all the animals in the zoo. In the top panels, the Memphis Zoo Mission Statement is written in hieroglyphics.
Cat Country, a 3-acre (1.2 ha), open-air exhibit focused on both predators and prey of the cat world, opened in 1993.[6] Tigers and lions share common space with fennec foxes and meerkats. An Education Complex, Discovery Center, and the Elephant's Trunk Zoo Shop also opened at this time.[6] The Carnivora Building that formerly housed the zoo's large cats was remodeled into The Cat House Cafe, which opened in 1994.
Three new exhibits opened in 1995.[6]Animals of the Night is devoted to nocturnal animals, and reverses their hours from normal so visitors can see them at their most active.Once Upon A Farm was built to resemble an early 1900s farm.Primate Canyon features naturalistic, outdoor exhibit areas for a variety of monkeys and apes.
Dragon's Lair was opened in 1998[6] for the zoo's threeKomodo dragons, and includes outdoor and indoor areas, allowing them to stay warm during the cool winter months. A new animal hospital was also finished in 1998,[6] with separate holding and quarantine wings built on opposite ends of the building. The sick wing separates sick or injured animals from others and allows for proper recovery time. The quarantine wing is used for newly acquired animals, which are quarantined for at least 30 days upon arrival at the zoo before being introduced to their new homes. On September 18, 1998, two plaques were dedicated in memory of musicianJeff Buckley in the Memphis Zoo'sSumatran tiger exhibit. His mother chose that location because of his great love of the Memphis Zoo and the tigers in particular. Jeff frequently visited the zoo, had plans to become a volunteer in 1997 and, according to his mother, never left the zoo without visiting theButterflies: In Living Color exhibit, which also opened early in 1998. The exhibit was replaced by "Birds and Bees" in late May 2009.
In April 2003, the Memphis Zoo became one of only four U.S. zoos to exhibit the giant panda as a part of a 20-year loan. One male and one femalegiant panda ("Ya Ya" and "Le Le") share their 3-acre (1.2 ha) home with several other species native to China, in the first Memphis Zoo exhibit to be built aszoogeographical exhibit. The buildings, plant life and even the sounds of China are represented in this $16 million exhibit. In February 2023, a few months before the Pandas were set to be returned to China, Le Le passed away leading to concerns about the treatment the pandas were getting in the Zoo.[8] In May 2023, Ya Ya was successfully sent back to China after the end of the loan agreement.[9]
TheNorthwest Passage exhibit opened on March 1, 2006,[6] with underwater viewing for polar bears and sea lions. The animals frequently interact with visitors, and the sea lions are fond of following and mimicking small children.
Butterflies: In Living Color! was renovated in 2007.[6] The exhibit housed as many as 1,000butterflies of 35 different species. There were 56 varieties of plants for the butterflies to feed on.
Construction of theTeton Trek exhibit started in February 2008.[10] The decision toclearcut 4 acres (1.6 ha) ofold growth forest in theOld Forest Arboretum in order to build the exhibit drew sustained criticism byCitizens to Preserve Overton Park, which was reorganized in response to the forest reduction,[11] and by Park Friends, Inc.[12] Approximately 14 acres of forest adjacent to the zoo were left out of the protective area to ease opposition from former Memphis MayorA C Wharton and zoo officials.[13]
The zoo had its largest single day attendance ever on March 17, 2009, with more than 20,450 visitors.[14] In late May 2009, theBirds and Bees exhibit opened in the former butterfly exhibit. The butterfly garden moved outside the aviary, and is still close to the original exhibit. Longtime zoo favorite "Ann" thereticulated python died on July 28, 2009. She was 18 years old.Teton Trek was opened on October 10, 2009, and winning artists of the Teton Trek Art Contest were recognized.[15]
The zoo's second African exhibit,Zambezi River Hippo Camp, opened to the public on April 29, 2016.[16]
The zoo hosts modern exhibits that mimic the animals' naturalhabitats, such asOnce Upon A Farm,Cat Country,Primate Canyon,Dragon's Lair,Animals of the Night,Tropical Bird House,Herpetarium,Aquarium,African Veldt,Zambezi River Hippo Camp,China,Northwest Passage, andTeton Trek. Viewing all the exhibits requires a walk of about 2 miles (3.2 km). Operating seasonally,trams provide visitors with guided tours of exhibits for a small daily fee; the trams are also useful for shuttling visitors between distant exhibits. Other attractions at the zoo include acarousel, an area with rides, a miniature train offering a scenic view of theOnce Upon A Farm exhibit, and several theme-orientedgift shops andeateries; many of these amenities operate seasonally.[17] A children's playground is located next to the Cat House Cafe, and several family picnic areas are maintained beneath groves of mature trees. An ice skating rink is operated seasonally at the zoo; the tented rink has an area of 5,400 square feet for skating. Camel rides and giraffe feeding are offered from March to October 2012 for a fee.
The zoo is divided into three zones that showcase a total of 19 different exhibits.
The 4-acre (1.6 ha) exhibit,[18] which opened October 2009, brings hallmark features of theYellowstone National Park to the Memphis Zoo.[19][20] "Teton" refers to theTeton Range inWyoming.Teton Trek begins with a 25-foot (7.6 m) replica of theOld Faithful Geyser[18] and a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) replica of theOld Faithful Inn called the Great Lodge, where interpretive information is presented in an interactive format.[18] The exhibit is home to some of thekeystone species of theYellowstone ecosystem:grizzly bears,elk,timber wolves,trumpeter swans, aNorth American porcupine,black bears andsandhill cranes.[18] The exhibit's trail provides visitors with an underwater look at the bears' fishing pond and a prominent overlook atop the 25-foot (7.6 m) replica of Yellowstone'sFirehole Falls.[18]
Home to the zoo'spolar bears, this $23 million exhibit opened on March 1, 2006,[21] and features an underwater viewing building,sea lion observation bubble and a 500-seatamphitheater for daily sea lion shows.[21] This exhibit's theme is a tribute to theFirst Nations culture in Canada's western provinceBritish Columbia, animals that inhabit thePacific Northwest, and its horticulture.[21] Messages of conservation inspired byChief Seattle, a famousNative American chief, are sprinkled throughout the exhibit.[21] Six hand-carvedtotem poles that stand throughout the area received a Native American blessing ceremony when they arrived at the zoo.[21] TheNorthwest Passage is also home to the zoo's Americanbald eagles, andwhite-necked ravens.[21]
African elephants,white rhinos, andgiraffe are joined byzebras,Grant's gazelle, andostriches in this area.[21]African cranes,bontebok,lechwe,bongo andscimitar oryx also live here.[21] The zoo finished enlarging the elephant exhibit in 2006; it now features a pool that allows elephants to submerse and bathe.
In this exhibit, two wooden bridges take visitors through a wetland. It is home to around 30Chilean flamingos and a variety of otherwaterfowl.[22]
This exhibit opened in May 2009. It features an up-close look at twohoney bee hives. Displays inside the exhibit explain what makes bees special and the role they play inagriculture. The indoor bee exhibit leads to an outdooraviary that features approximately 500budgies, commonly known as parakeets. In addition to viewing these colorful birds, visitors can feed them usingmillet seed-heads attached to sticks that are available for a small fee.
Opened in April 2003,[23] this $16 million exhibit is azoogeographical area the Memphis Zoo constructed after it became one of only four U.S. zoos to exhibit thegiant panda. Other animals showcased in this effort to preserve Chinese species includeSulawesi Black-crested macaques,Père David's deer,Red pandas,François' langurs, and an assortment of colorful birds such as thegolden pheasant andred-crowned crane.[23]
This exhibit was opened in 1995[23] and features naturalistic, outdoor exhibit areas forwestern lowland gorillas,Sumatran orangutans andsiamang gibbons. Other animals in the area arelion-tailed macaques,black-and-white ruffed lemurs,Mona monkeys,Sulawesi macaques,red ruffed lemurs,lesser spot-nosed monkeys,eastern black-and-white colobus,[23] andsavanna baboons.
This 3-acre (1.2 ha),[23] open-air exhibit housesAfrican lions,cheetahs,Capybara,Amur leopards,meerkats,caracals,capybaras,Bat-eared Foxs,cougars,Sumatran tigers,Bengal tigers,jaguars,snow leopards, andRed pandas.[23] The zoo employed cultural architecture native to the land of the species on exhibit (for example, temple ruins surround the Sumatran tiger exhibit).[23] The oldCarnivora Building, where the cats used to live, was renovated to become the Memphis Zoo's primary restaurant – the Cat House Café.[23]
This African exhibit opened in 2016. Its location is adjacent to the Primate Pavilion and south entrance to the African Veldt. It is home tohippos,Nile crocodiles,okapi,yellow-backed duikers,Cape vultures,taveta weavers,nyalas,mandrills,blue-bellied rollers,patas monkeys,Chilean andlesser flamingos.[citation needed]
Sixbonobos (including a baby bonobo born in 2005) live in this indoor/outdoor hybrid exhibit across from theChina exhibit.[23] The bonobo is endangered and is found in the wild only in theDemocratic Republic of Congo.
This exhibit reverses the daily cycle ofnocturnal animals,[23] giving visitors the chance to see night-dwellers at their most active. The exhibit is developed around a central bat flyway which enables visitors to get a close-up view of the bats in flight or feeding. Also exhibited are a wide range of other species—fromaardvark towombat.The exhibit also features theBear cuscus which is featured in only 4 other zoos around the world.[22]
This exhibit was specifically built for theKomodo dragon, the largest lizard in the world. The zoo's three dragons share a special exhibit with outdoor and indoor areas allowing them to stay warm during the cool winter months.[24] Keepers hold a feeding demonstration of the Komodo dragons on Saturdays.
A variety of colorful birds in outdoor enclosures can be seen by visitors at the entrance to the zoo's Tropical Bird House.[24] The building is home to exotic bird species from around the world such as thepygmy falcon,Burrowing owl,azure-winged magpie,Bali myna,crested coua,golden white-eye,Jambu fruit dove,Mariana fruit dove,plush-crested jay,purple-throated fruitcrow,red-billed hornbill,Tinian monarch,Toco toucan, and thewhite-tailed trogon. The exhibit features a walk-through aviary which allows visitors close contact to a number of birds, especially during feeding time.
The Aquarium is one of the oldest exhibits at the Memphis Zoo and housesaquatic life from both fresh andsalt water environments.[24] Some of the more notable animals include:Fly River turtles,electric eels,red bellied piranhas,archer fish,green moray eels,porcupine pufferfish,Arapaima andVolitan lionfish, The electric eel exhibit has a unique feature that converts the eel's electric pulses into a sound and visual display.
Over 30African penguins live across from the zoo's rides area at Penguin Rock.[24]American white pelicans are located nearby.[24]
This exhibit was built to resemble an early 1900s farm.[24] It is home toCaspian horses, domesticgoats,prairie dogs, domesticchickens,Babydoll sheep,miniature cows,guinea pigs,Pekin ducks andminiature donkeys.[24] In addition to farm animals, avegetable garden, acotton patch, and rows ofcorn provide visitors with some of the essential elements of a southern farm during the growing season.
Located across from the Tropical Bird House, theherpetarium is home to the zoo'ssnakes such as theBurmese python,American alligators,lizards such as thePrehensile-tailed skink, andfrogs such as theazure poison dart frog,Bell's horned frog, andmilk frog. It includes the rareLouisiana pine snake and theaxolotl, in addition to some of the most venomous snakes in the world, including thegreen mamba,[24]Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, andGaboon viper. It is home to analligator snapping turtle andGalápagos tortoises. In a seasonal exhibit, a simulated shallow pond provides favorable breeding habitat for the highly endangeredMississippi gopher frog; this exhibit also features a slide presentation describing the zoo's participation in the frog's recovery program. The exhibit also includes a selection ofCrocodiles which includesDwarf crocodiles,West African slender-snouted crocodiles, and anAmerican alligator.
The Round Barn is home togerenuks,[24] which are known by their extremely long necks. Keepers encourage their foraging behavior by placing tall bamboo stems in their exhibit. This exhibit also housesAbyssinian ground-hornbills,warthogs,red river hogs,Grey crowned crane,nyalas,yellow-backed duikers,dik diks,klipspringers, anddama gazelles.[22]
Landscaping plays a key role in each of the zoo's three zones, both within exhibits and along the interconnecting trails.[25]Water features, such as ponds, waterfalls, fountains, and streams, are dominant elements of the overall design, in addition to artificial rock formations which blend into the containment walls of the animals' enclosures. Other key elements of the landscaping are a diverse mix of trees, shrubs, and seasonal herbaceous plants.
Most of the larger trees are native species, which includesweetgum,sycamore,tulip poplar and a host of differentoaks andhickories.[26] Common shrubs include colorful native species, such asAmerican beautyberry,oakleaf hydrangea,southern bayberry, andwitch hazel, plus numerous exotic shrubs selected for their individual merits. Some exhibits feature plants that support the exhibit's theme, such as theChinese fringetrees andChinese snowball viburnums in the China Exhibit and several species of westernconifers,maples, andbirches in the Northwest Passage and Teton Trek Exhibits.
Severalgardens are maintained within the zoo, where the plants are the featured items.[27] In addition, tropical plants are grown in several areas during summer months; species includebanana plants,elephant ears,hibiscuses, andoleanders growing above agroundcover ofcoleus andornamental sweet potato.
The Memphis Zoo sponsors a wide variety of special events with the overall theme—Always Something To Do. These include: Horticultural Tours (periodic), Plant Sale (April), Zoo Boo with its Haunted Forest (October), Zoo Lights with over 1 million holiday lights, Santa, live reindeer, and magic show (November/December),[28] Zoo Rendezvous (September), Zoo Snooze (periodic), and many more.[29] There are also a wide assortment of educational activities throughout the year for school-aged children.
Exzoobrance is a bimonthly magazine published by the Memphis Zoological Society to keep patrons informed about zoo-related activities and information. Each edition includes a calendar of events, a description of special events, news about educational and conservation programs, information about the animals and their exhibits, and a kid's activity page. Copies are archived online beginning in 2009.[30]
On January 8, 2008, a stray dog entered the Memphis Zoo through a service door and leapt into the tiger exhibit before officials could apprehend it. Zoo staff distracted the tigers, allowing the dog to walk out of the exhibit and survive with several injuries.[31]
In May 2009, a zoo keeper was bitten by a Bengal tiger after failing to close two internal safety doors, allowing a tiger to enter an unsecured hallway. The tiger, named Kumari, was sedated and safely placed back in her exhibit.[32]
In 2019, a man entering the Memphis Zoo shot himself in the upper thigh with a handgun hidden in his pocket. This incident brought attention to the zoo's firearm policies and zoo officials stated that they would look into it.[33]
 | This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2023) |
The Memphis Zoo has a few projects in their future plans with funding efforts currently underway.
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