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Memoni
ميمنی,મેમોની
'Memoni' written inUrdu Nastaliq script,Sindhi Naskh script,Gujarati script, andRoman script.
Native to	India,Pakistan
Region	Kathiawar (Gujarat),Sindh
Ethnicity	Memon people
Native speakers	2-3 Million (2024)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Northwestern Sindhic Memoni
Writing system	Arabic script,Gujarati script,Nastaliq script,Roman Memon[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mby
Glottolog	memo1238

Memoni (ميموني,મેમોની) is anIndo-Aryan language spoken byMemons, from theKathiawar region ofGujarat, India. Memon from Okha Port (Okhai Memon), Kutch (Kutchi Memon) and some other communities from Kathiawad (Khatri, Kathiwadi) also use Memoni at their homes.

The Kathiawari Memons are a sub-group of theMemon people, a Muslim community in India and Pakistan. After thepartition of India in 1947, Memons of the Kathiawar region migrated to neighboring states, cities and towns within India, but a large number of Memons settled in Pakistan,Sri Lanka,South Africa, Malawi, Kenya, as well as the United States and Canada. Kathiawadi Memon can be divided in to sub group according to their former towns in district Kathiawad of Gujarat, India. Namely;01. Bantva02. Kutiyanah03. Dhoraji04. Jetpur05. Gondal06. Vanthli07. Veraval08. Jamnagar09. Junagadh10. Porbandar11. Halari12. Upleta.

Currently, Memoni is considered an endangered language with no proper script of its own and approximately less than two million speakers worldwide.

The origin of the Memoni language is still debated among the historians of the region. It has several different dialects and accents due to the influence of other languages in areas of settlement. Memoni is a mixture ofSindhi,Kutchi andGujarati languages.^{[citation needed]} Haji Mohammed Husein Abdel Kareem Nagani spent 40 years inventing a Memoni alphabet in order to bring the Memoni language up to the standard of other major languages in the world.^[3]

The Memon community is generally divided into three major subgroups,Kathiawari Memons, who originated in theKathiawar region (who speak Memoni),Sindhi Memons (who speak Sindhi) andKutchi Memons (who speak Kutchi). The Memon people from Kathiawar were Muslims who followedHanafi Islam.

Sindhi and Kutchi are spoken by bothMuslims and non-Muslims, in contrast to the Memoni language, which is exclusively spoken by Memons of Kathiawar origin, who are entirely Muslims.

In stress, intonation, and everyday speech, Memoni is very similar to Sindhi or Kutchi, but it borrows extensively from Gujarati,Hindustani andArabic. Like most languages of theIndian subcontinent, thesentence structure of Memoni generally followssubject–object–verb order.^[4] Especially inPakistan, Memoni language has adopted manyUrdu words and phrases. Even between different villages of Kathiawar, variations have arisen.

Most nouns have agrammatical gender, either masculine or feminine, and often havesingular and plural forms. Vast majorities ofnouns have been borrowed fromHindustani (umbrella term forUrdu and Hindi), and English vocabulary is extensively used.

COMPUTER

There is no equivalent for the definite articlethe, and the indefinite articlea is further inflected as masculine or feminine with its object.

Thesecond person nominative pronoun 'you' is expressed two different ways: the polite formaaen (cognate withavheen in standard Sindhi), generally used for respected strangers, the elderly, parents and older relatives, and the familiar formtu, used among close friends and when addressing subordinates. Theaccusative,possessive andreflexive pronouns are ofteninflected formasculine and feminine and their gender must agree with their referents.

See also:Urdu pronouns

In mostIndic languages regarding thethird person such as,he,she,it andthey and thedemonstrative pronounsthis,these,that,those, the same pronouns are used. They are divided into two categories, one for a near object or person and the other for a far object or person.

No significant differences are made among the object,possessive andreflexive pronouns. In addition these pronouns are further inflected for masculine and feminine and must agree with the object (noun, pronouns, adjective and adverbs).

Verbs are generally conjugated according to person, number, tense, aspect, mood and voice. They may also agree with the person gender, and/or number of some of their other arguments, including the object. The verb generally appears at the end of the sentence.

Like English, the position of the adjectives nearly always appears immediately before the noun and they are modified and often inflected for masculine and feminine and must agree with the noun that follows. The proposition generally comes after a noun or a verb.

In the past^[when?] there have been some attempts to write the Memoni dialect using the Gujarati, and later, Urdu, scripts with little success. Some attempts have been made to write Memoni using theLatin script.

Reference:Origin of Memoni Language a Memoni Language Project by Siddique KatiyaReference:https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mby/

• Sindhi language
• Gujarati language
• Memon
• Languages of India
• Languages of Sindh
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages
• Subject–object–verb languages
• Languages of Gujarat
• Dialects of Sindhi

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• Articles lacking reliable references from September 2010
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