This gene encodes the MT2protein, one of two high-affinity forms of a receptor formelatonin, the primary hormone secreted by thepineal gland. This gene product is anintegral membrane protein that is aG-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor. It is found primarily in the retina andbrain; however, this detection requiresRT-PCR. It is thought to participate inlight-dependent functions in theretina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin.[5] Besides the brain and retina this receptor is expressed on the bone forming cells where it regulates their function in depositing bone.[7]
Several studies have identified MTNR1B receptor mutations that are associated with increased averageblood sugar level and around a 20 percent elevated risk of developingtype 2 diabetes.[8][9][10] MTNR1B mRNA is expressed in human islets, andimmunocytochemistry confirms that it is primarily localized inbeta cells inislets.[9]
^Rivara S, Lodola A, Mor M, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Fraschini F, Scaglione F, Sanchez RO,Gobbi G, Tarzia G (Dec 2007). "N-(substituted-anilinoethyl)amides: design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of a new class of melatonin receptor ligands".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.50 (26):6618–26.doi:10.1021/jm700957j.hdl:11576/1886829.PMID18052314.
^Bedini A, Spadoni G, Gatti G, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F (Dec 2006). "Design and synthesis of N-(3,3-diphenylpropenyl)alkanamides as a novel class of high-affinity MT2-selective melatonin receptor ligands".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.49 (25):7393–403.doi:10.1021/jm060850a.PMID17149869.
^Yous S, Durieux-Poissonnier S, Lipka-Belloli E, Guelzim H, Bochu C, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Delagrange P, Bennejean C, Renard P, Lesieur D (Mar 2003). "Design and synthesis of 3-phenyl tetrahydronaphthalenic derivatives as new selective MT2 melatoninergic ligands".Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry.11 (5):753–59.doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00473-X.PMID12538005.
^Mattson RJ, Catt JD, Keavy D, Sloan CP, Epperson J, Gao Q, Hodges DB, Iben L, Mahle CD, Ryan E, Yocca FD (Mar 2003). "Indanyl piperazines as melatonergic MT2 selective agents".Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.13 (6):1199–202.doi:10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00090-8.PMID12643943.
Niles LP, Wang J, Shen L, Lobb DK, Younglai EV (Oct 1999). "Melatonin receptor mRNA expression in human granulosa cells".Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.156 (1–2):107–10.doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00135-5.PMID10612428.S2CID42730113.
Ebisawa T, Uchiyama M, Kajimura N, Kamei Y, Shibui K, Kim K, Kudo Y, Iwase T, Sugishita M, Jodoi T, Ikeda M, Ozeki Y, Watanabe T, Sekimoto M, Katoh M, Yamada N, Toyoshima R, Okawa M, Takahashi K, Yamauchi T (Feb 2000). "Genetic polymorphisms of human melatonin 1b receptor gene in circadian rhythm sleep disorders and controls".Neuroscience Letters.280 (1):29–32.doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00981-7.PMID10696804.S2CID24900890.
Yuan L, Collins AR, Dai J, Dubocovich ML, Hill SM (Jun 2002). "MT(1) melatonin receptor overexpression enhances the growth suppressive effect of melatonin in human breast cancer cells".Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.192 (1–2):147–56.doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00029-1.PMID12088876.S2CID54393974.
Ayoub MA, Levoye A, Delagrange P, Jockers R (Aug 2004). "Preferential formation of MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor heterodimers with distinct ligand interaction properties compared with MT2 homodimers".Molecular Pharmacology.66 (2):312–21.doi:10.1124/mol.104.000398.PMID15266022.S2CID39243124.
Mazna P, Berka K, Jelinkova I, Balik A, Svoboda P, Obsilova V, Obsil T, Teisinger J (Jul 2005). "Ligand binding to the human MT2 melatonin receptor: the role of residues in transmembrane domains 3, 6, and 7".Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.332 (3):726–34.Bibcode:2005BBRC..332..726M.doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.017.PMID15913560.
Ha E, Choe BK, Jung KH, Yoon SH, Park HJ, Park HK, Yim SV, Chung JH, Bae HS, Nam M, Baik HH, Hong SJ (Sep 2005). "Positive relationship between melatonin receptor type 1B polymorphism and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Korean population".Journal of Pineal Research.39 (2):201–5.doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00237.x.PMID16098099.S2CID9980281.
Savaskan E, Jockers R, Ayoub M, Angeloni D, Fraschini F, Flammer J, Eckert A, Müller-Spahn F, Meyer P (Feb 2007). "The MT2 melatonin receptor subtype is present in human retina and decreases in Alzheimer's disease".Current Alzheimer Research.4 (1):47–51.doi:10.2174/156720507779939823.PMID17316165.
Qiu XS, Tang NL, Yeung HY, Lee KM, Hung VW, Ng BK, Ma SL, Kwok RH, Qin L, Qiu Y, Cheng JC (Jul 2007). "Melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis".Spine.32 (16):1748–53.doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3180b9f0ff.PMID17632395.S2CID6777367.
"Melatonin Receptors: MT2".IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved2008-12-05.