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Melanau language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Austronesian language spoken in Malaysia and Brunei
Not to be confused withMaranao language orMelanesian languages.
Melanau
Central Melanau
Native toMalaysia,Brunei
RegionSarawak and neighbouring Brunei
EthnicityMelanau people
Native speakers
(110,000 cited 2000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
mel – Central Melanau
dro – Daro-Matu Melanau
sdx – Sibu Melanau
Glottologcent2101  Central
daro1239  Daro-Matu
sibu1258  Sibu
This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.

Melanau is anAustronesian language spoken in the coastal area of theRajang delta on northwest Borneo,Sarawak,Malaysia andBrunei. There are several dialects—Mukah-Oya, Balingian, Bruit, Dalat, Lawas, Igan, Sarikei, Segahan, Prehan, Segalang, and Siteng.[2]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]

Melanau has the following consonants.[3]

BilabialCoronalPalatalVelarUvularGlottal
Nasalsmnɲŋ
Plosives and
affricates		voicelesspttʃkʔ
voicedbddʒɡ
Fricativessh,ɦ
Laterall
Trillsrʀ
Semivowelswj

Vowels

[edit]

Melanau has the following vowels.[3]

frontcentralback
rounded
Highiu
Midɛəɔ
Lowa

Sounds/iauɔ/ can have allophones of [ɪæ~ʌʊɒ].[4]

Orthography

[edit]

Vowels and diphthongs

[edit]
  • a –[a]
  • aa –[aː]
  • e –[ɛ/ə]
  • i –[i]
  • o –[ɔ]
  • u –[u]
  • ai –[ai]
  • au –[au]
  • ei –[ei]
  • ou –[ou]
  • ui –[ui]

Consonants

[edit]
  • b –[b]
  • c –[t͡ʃ]
  • d –[d]
  • g –[g]
  • h –[h,ɦ]
  • j –[d͡ʒ]
  • k –[k]
  • l –[l]
  • m –[m]
  • n –[n]
  • ng –[ŋ]
  • ny –[ɲ]
  • p –[p]
  • r –[r/ʀ]
  • s –[s]
  • t –[t]
  • w –[w]
  • y –[j][5]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Central Melanau atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Daro-Matu Melanau atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Sibu Melanau atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005.Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  3. ^abClayre 1970.
  4. ^Clayre 1972.
  5. ^"Melanau language".Omniglot. Retrieved27 August 2021.

References

[edit]
  • I.F.C.S. Clayre. 1970. "The Spelling of Melanau (nee Milano),"The Sarawak Museum Journal 18:330-352.
  • Clayre, Iain F. C. S. 1972. A grammatical description of Melanau. University of Edinburgh.
  • Rensch, Calvin R. 2012.Melanau and the Languages of Central Sarawak. SIL Electronic Survey Report. SIL International.

External links

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