Grafting refers to asurgical procedure to movetissue from one site to another on the body, or from another creature, without bringing its ownblood supply with it. Instead, a new blood supply grows in after it is placed. A similar technique where tissue is transferred with the blood supply intact is called aflap. In some instances, a graft can be an artificially manufactured device. Examples of this are a tube to carry blood flow across a defect or from anartery to avein for use inhemodialysis.

Autografts and isografts are usually not considered asforeign and, therefore, do not elicitrejection. Allografts and xenografts may be recognized as foreign by the recipient and rejected.^[1]

• Autograft: graft taken from one part of the body of an individual and transplanted onto another site in the same individual, e.g., skin graft.
• Isograft: graft taken from one individual and placed on another individual of the same genetic constitution, e.g., grafts betweenidentical twins.
• Allograft: graft taken from one individual placed on a genetically non-identical member of the same species.
• Xenograft: graft taken from one individual placed on an individual belonging to another species, e.g., animal to human.

The term grafting is most commonly applied toskin grafting, however many tissues can be grafted:skin,bone,nerves,tendons,neurons,blood vessels,fat, andcornea aretissues commonly grafted today.

Specific types include:^{[citation needed]}

• Skin grafting – often used to treat skin loss due to awound,burn,infection, orsurgery. In the case of damaged skin, it is removed, and new skin is grafted in its place. Skin grafting can reduce the course of treatment and hospitalization needed, and can also improve function and appearance. There are two types of skin grafts:

1. Split-thickness skin grafts (theepidermis and part of thedermis)
2. Full-thickness skin grafts (the epidermis and the entire thickness of the dermis)

• Bone grafting – used indental implants, as well as other instances. The bone may beautologous, typically harvested from theiliac crest of thepelvis, or banked bone/allograft.^[2]
• Vascular grafting – the use of transplanted or prosthetic blood vessels in surgical procedures.
• Ligament grafting repair – as withanterior cruciate ligament reconstruction orulnar collateral ligament reconstruction.
• Fat grafting – the process of harvestingadipose tissue throughliposuction, processing/centrifugation and injection intosoft tissue for improving coverage, volume and contour, typically in the breast, buttock and face.^[3][4]

• Large amount of skin loss due to infections
• Burns
• Skin cancer surgery^[5]
• Chronicconnective tissue disease^[6]

• Hematoma development when the graft is placed over an active bleed
• Infection
• Seroma development
• Shear force disrupting growth of new blood supply
• Inappropriate bed for new blood supply to grow from, such as cartilage, tendons, or bone

• Implants (medicine)
• Surgery
• Transplantation medicine

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