TheMày is a smallethnic group of Vietnam, indigenous to the mountains of Central Vietnamese province ofQuảng Bình.^[1] In Vietnam, they are considered a sub-ethnic group of theChứt.^[2] Only about 450 individuals still speak theMay language, a distinctVieticCheut language.^[3]

The endonym Mày and its origins are uncertain; according to the Mày it means "source of river, stream", thoughPaul Sidwell speculates that it is perhaps a xenonym of Austronesian origin.^[4] Early missionaries like Marius Maunier (1902) and LéopoldCadière (1905), due to limited contemporary knowledge, simply regarded the Mày as "des sauvages," (Moï orRợ inVietnamese). There is a possibility that the Mày were perhaps were theKôy that Cadière described.^[5][6] Through ethnology expeditions in the late 1940s byJeanne Cuisinier [fr] and Lucienne Delmas, the first comprehensive account of the Mày was documented.

Prior to the mid-20th century, the Mày had been nomadic hunter-gatherers in the wildAnnamite mountains of westernQuảng Bình like otherCheut groups. Their lifestyle included ancient hunting, foraging, and fishing techniques using primitive tools such as stone daggers, bone knives, and crossbows. They were known to occasionally use metal tools acquired from agricultural peoples such as axes.^{[citation needed]} That changed in 1958 when the remaining nomadic Cheut tribes were discovered by North Vietnamese soldiers. Subsequently, theDRV government forcefully resettled the Mày in designated villages.

Today, the Mày live in sedentary settlements within 11 villages in a small junction ofDân Hóa commune,Minh Hóa District. Using conventional techniques, they grow maize, cassava, rice, and taro on hill paddy fields with crafted metal tools. They also breed chickens and pigs. However, small farming does not completely sustain Mày families; many Mày, especially the older generations, continue to hunt, forage, and fish.^[4]

The Mày dwell in stilt houses, with palm and banana leaf roofs, constructed with help from border guards. Their houses are often divided: one section for ancestor worship and guest, one for domestic space. Previously, Cheut groups could not weave fabric and clothes. In summer, Mày men wore loincloths and women wore skirts. In winter, they wrapped themselves with tree bark.^[7]

Mày's belief system is a form ofAnimism blended withLaotian Buddhism. While the Mày worship many different gods, their most holy god is Ku Lôông, a legendary beast-god who gave birth to an egg. From that egg hatched three siblings: the eldest is May, the middleborn isKhua, and the youngest isNguồn. According to their mythology, Ku Lôông taught the May how to make weapons, especially bows and poisoned arrows, helping the Mày fight off beasts and enemy tribes. Other gods recognized in May animism include the spirits of nature: the gods of the forest and rivers.

The Mày also retain a strong connection to the dead. They believe that the souls of their ancestors return to their villages. Through ashaman, the Mày can connect with spirits and ghosts. At the same time, they believe inreincarnation. Mày folklore has incorporated Buddhist traditions as well, claiming that theBuddha rules over the destinies of both humans and animals. The Buddha is typically portrayed accompanied bytotem animals, usually anamphibian.^[7]

The Mày have preserved their traditional holidays. One important Mày holiday is Sileng, which takes place in the second half of July and is ritualized with sacrifices in honor of the water serpent Kulong-Tavok. Other holidays seem to be influenced by Vietnamese holidays, such as theLunar New Year Festival.^[8]

• Arem people
• Nguồn people

• Vietic peoples
• Ethnic groups in Vietnam
• Quảng Trị province

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