| Matsue Domain 松江藩 | |
|---|---|
| Domain of Japan | |
| 1600–1871 | |
 Matsue Castle | |
 Mon of theMatsudaira clan | |
| Capital | Matsue Castle |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 35°28′30.5″N133°3′2.5″E / 35.475139°N 133.050694°E /35.475139; 133.050694 |
| Historical era | Edo period |
• Established | 1600 |
| 1871 | |
| Contained within | |
| • Province | Izumo,Oki Provinces |
| Today part of | Shimane Prefecture |
Matsue Domain (松江藩,Matsue-han) was afeudal domain under theTokugawa shogunate ofEdo period Japan, in what is now easternShimane Prefecture. It was centered aroundMatsue Castle and was ruled for most of its history by branch of theMatsudaira clan.[1][2][3]
During theToyotomi era, Izumo was under the control of theMōri clan, which ruled over nine provinces in theSan'in andSan'yō regions.Kikkawa Hiroie, from a cadet branch of the clan, ruled fromGassan-Tomida Castle (in present-dayYasugi, Shimane), which was once the stronghold of theAmago clan. However, following the 1600Battle of Sekigahara, the Mōri were reduced to the two provinces ofSuō andNagato, and theKikkawa clan was transferred toIwakuni Domain. TheTokugawa shogunate assigned Izumo andOki Provinces toHorio Tadauji, whose fatherHorio Yoshiharu had just retired fromHamamatsu Domain, with akokudaka of 240,000koku. This marked the start of "Izumo Tomita Domain", as initially its stronghold renamed Gassan-Tomida Castle. However, Horio Tadauji died in 1604 at the age of 27 and his successor, Tadaharu was only age 5, so his grandfather Yoshiharu came out of retirement and ruled as regent. Yoshiharu felt that Gassan-Tomida Castle was inconvenient, so he spent five years starting in 1607 to buildMatsue Castle and itscastle town. In 1611, Yoshiharu officially relocated his seat to Matsue Castle and "Matsue Domain"" was established, but Yoshiharu died shortly afterwards. Tadaharu died in 1633 without an heir. Even before he died, it was clear to the shogunate that the domain would go intoattainder, and there were discussions that the three provinces of Izumo,Iwami, and Oki would be added to the holdings ofMori Tadamasa,daimyō ofTsuyama Domain. Tsuyama Domain even sent inspectors to examine the proposed new territories, but Mori Tadamasa died inKyoto in 1634 and the discussion was abandoned.
Instead, in 1634,Kyōgoku Tadataka was transferred fromObama Domain inWakasa Province. TheKyōgoku clan wereshugo of Izumo Province before losing control to theAmago clan in theSengoku period, so this was a homecoming. In addition to the 240,000koku, they gained 40,000koku for the administration of theIwami Ginzan Silver Mine and territories in Iwami Province. However, in 1637 Kyōgoku Tadataka died. He had adopted his nephew Takakazu as heir on his deathbed, but this was not recognized by the shogunate. In 1638, Matsudaira Naomasa, the third son ofYūki Hideyasu was transferred fromMatsumoto Domain. This branch of theMatsudaira clan would rule Matsue until theMeiji restoration. The clan's finances could not survive on income from annual tax rice alone, and it was in a difficult situation from the beginning. For this reason, a monopoly was established from an early date on to control the production of wax,ginseng, cotton, and iron. In particular, the Izumo has long been known for the production of steel fromiron sand usingtatara method.
Matsudaira Harusato, the 7thdaimyō , who called himself "Fumai", was a particularly famous ruler of Matsue. As a result of promoting financial reconstruction, the domain was able to amass a fortune of 80,000ryō during theKansei era (1789-1801). Fumai took advantage of the improvement in the domain's finances, to devote himself to theJapanese tea ceremony, which had been his hobby for some time, founding the Fumai-ryū school. He also sponsored and collected artworks, including pottery and poetry anthologies connected with the tea ceremony, and Matsue was ranked along with Kyoto, Nara, and Kanazawa for the production ofwagashi Japanese sweets, which are used in the tea ceremony. He also designed and sponsored the construction ofJapanese gardens. Despite the early financial success of the domain, in his later years, due to his enormous dissipation led to issues with the domain's finances.
In theBakumatsu period, the Matsue's political stance was ambiguous, earning it the mistrust of the newMeiji government In the end, Matsue submitted to the new government and its forces defended Kyoto during theBoshin War that began in 1868. In the same year, the Oki Riots occurred, in which the magistrate of Matsue Domain, was expelled due to an uprising among the islanders over the lack of response to the frequent famines, as well as the lack of response to the arrival and landing offoreign ships. Oki Prefecture was established in 1869, two years earlier than theabolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures. Matsue Domain became Matsue Prefecture in 1871, and was subsequently incorporated into Shimane Prefecture. The Matsudaira clan was elevated tokazoku peerage status with the rank of count in 1884.
| # | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Horio clan, 1600-1633 (Tozama)[4] | |||||
| 1 | Horio Tadauji (堀尾忠氏) | 1600 - 1604 | Izumo-no-kami (出雲守) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 240,000koku |
| 2 | Horio Tadaharu (堀尾忠晴) | 1604 - 1633 | Yamashiro-no-kami (山城守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 240,000koku |
 Kyōgoku clan, 1633-1637 (Tozama)[5] | |||||
| 1 | Kyōgoku Tadataka (堀尾忠氏) | 1633 - 1637 | Sakon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 240,000koku |
| Matsudaira clan, 1637-1871 (Shinpan)[6] | |||||
| 1 | Matsudaira Naomasa (松平直政) | 1638 - 1666 | Sakon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将) | Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上) | 186,000koku |
| 2 | Matsudaira Tsunataka (松平綱隆) | 1666 - 1675 | Dewa-no-kami (出羽守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 186,000koku[7] |
| 3 | Matsudaira Tsunachika (松平綱近) | 1675 - 1704 | Dewa-no-kami (出羽守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 186,000koku |
| 4 | Matsudaira Yoshito (松平吉透) | 1704 - 1705 | Dewa-no-kami (出羽守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 186,000koku |
| 5 | Matsudaira Nobuzumi (松平宣維) | 1704 - 1731 | Sakon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 186,000koku |
| 6 | Matsudaira Munenobu (松平宗衍) | 1731 - 1767 | Sakon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 186,000koku |
| 7 | Matsudaira Harusato (松平治郷) | 1767 - 1806 | Sakon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 186,000koku |
| 8 | Matsudaira Naritsune (松平斉恒) | 1806 - 1822 | Dewa-no-kami (出羽守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 186,000koku |
| 9 | Matsudaira Naritoki (松平斉斎) | 1822 - 1853 | Sakon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上) | 186,000koku |
| 9 | Matsudaira Sadayasu (松平定安) | 1853 - 1871 | Sakon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上) | 186,000koku |
Tokugawa Ieyasu, 1st Tokugawa Shōgun (1543–1616; r. 1603–1605)
I. Matsudaira Naomasa, 1st Lord of Matsue (cr. 1638) (1601–1666; r. 1638–1666)II. Tsunataka, 2nd Lord of Matsue (1631–1675; r. 1666–1675)III. Tsunachika, 3rd Lord of Matsue (1659-1709; r. 1675-1704)IV. Yoshitō, 4th Lord of Matsue (1668–1705; r. 1704–1705)V. Nobuzumi, 5th Lord of Matsue (1698–1731; r. 1705–1731)VI. Munenobu, 6th Lord of Matsue (1729–1782; r. 1731–1767)VII. Harusatō, 7th Lord of Matsue (1751–1818; r. 1767–1806)VIII. Naritsune, 8th Lord of Matsue (1791–1822; r. 1806–1822)IX. Naritoki, 9th Lord of Matsue (1815–1863; r. 1822–1853)X. Sadayasu, 10th Lord of Matsue (1855–1882; Lord: 1853-1869; Governor: 1869–1871)Matsue Domain had three subsidiary domains:
Hirose Domain (広瀬藩,Hirose han) was created in 1666 for Matsudaira Chikayoshi, the younger brother of Matsudaira Naomasa. It had akokudaka of 30,000koku and was based at Hirosejin'ya in what is now the city ofYasugi, Shimane. The eighthdaimyō, Matsudaira Naohiro was elevated by the shogunate to the status of a "castle-holding daimyō". The head of the family was ennobled in 1884 with thekazoku title of viscount.
Mori Domain (母里藩,Mori han) was created in 1666 for Matsudaira Takamase, the third son of Matsudaira Naomasa. It had akokudaka of 10,000koku initially taken directly form the treasury of the parent domain, and thus did not have any physical estates until 1684 when the Morijin'ya in what is now the city ofYasugi, Shimane was built. It was also not subject tosankin kōtai, and itsdaimyō alway resided at the domain's mansion in theKita-Aoyama area ofEdo. The site is now occupied by the Brazilian embassy. It was known asKanbe Domain (神戸藩) until the late Edo period. The head of the family was ennobled in 1884 with thekazoku title of viscount.
Matsue Shinden Domain (松江新田藩,Matsue Shinden han) was created in 1701 for Matsudaira Chikanori, the fifth son of Matsudaira Tsunataka. It had akokudaka of 10,000koku of new rice lands taken directly form the treasury of the parent domain, and thus did not have any physical estates. In 1704, Chikinori was adopted as heir by his older brother, Tsunachika, the thirddaimyō of Matsue, and upon becoming the fourthdaimyō in 1704, changed his name Yoshito. The domain was absorbed back into Matsue Domain at that time.
As with most domains in thehan system, Matsue Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assignedkokudaka, based on periodiccadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields, g.[9][10]
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