Mato Queimado | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 Location in Rio Grande do Sul state | |
  Mato Queimado Location in Brazil | |
| Coordinates:28°15′21″S54°36′57″W / 28.25583°S 54.61583°W /-28.25583; -54.61583 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | South |
| State | Rio Grande do Sul |
| Mesoregion | Noroeste Rio-Grandense |
| Microregion | Cerro Largo |
| Area | |
• Total | 114.64 km2 (44.26 sq mi) |
| Population (2020[1]) | |
• Total | 1,629 |
| • Density | 14/km2 (37/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| Website | matoqueimado |
Mato Queimado is a Brazilianmunicipality located in the northwestern part of the state ofthe Rio Grande do Sul. The population is about 1,629 (2020 est.) in an area of 114.64 km².[2] It is located 489 km in the west of the state capital ofPorto Alegre and northeast ofAlegrete.
As is the case in many of its surrounding municipalities, listed below, theRiograndenser Hunsrückisch language is spoken in Mato Queimado since pioneer days and has been intrinsic to its history. Although technically a language, it is commonly referred to as a dialect of the German language. In recent years thePortuguese translation of its name is gaining wider use throughout Brazil:hunsriqueano riograndense (no caps in Port.). However, the majority of estimated three million native speakers of Riograndenser Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul mostly often refer to their language simply asDeitsch orHunsrückisch, and the majority of them probably do not recognize the termhunsriqueano, as used in academia and presently more and more in the larger cultural context (i.e. internet, social media, etc.).
The establishment of this community dates back to 1919, and its original settlers were allGerman Brazilian, as well documented, most originating from the neighboring municipality ofCerro Largo (then calledSerro Azul) and some from the easternAltkolonie (trans.: Old Colony; in Port.: Colônia Velha) region of the state.[3] Therefore, all the founders of the community were native speakers of the variety of Hunsrückisch spoken in the state ofRio Grande do Sul, a Germanic language which is in fact uniquely Brazilian (there are two much smaller pockets of Hunsrückisch speakers in Brazil, located on the Atlantic coast ofSanta Catarina state and in the mountains of the state ofEspírito Santo).[4]
Although Riograndenser Hunsrückisch has a relatively large number of native speakers, the vast majority are also being fluent in the national language, many if not the majority of their children are not learning their parents mother tongue. This situation can be observed in Mato Queimado as well as in many localities with a similar profile found throughout the state of Rio Grande do Sul and also in neighboring regions outside the state where the language is spoken. However, there a few notable exceptions, as well documented by published research (See Altenhofen, cited above), affording some stability to this regional language. Nonetheless, given the overall language shift towards the dominant Brazilian language, Hunsrückisch has been officially classified as endangered for quite some time by world languages' monitoring organizations such as Ethnologue.[5]
There are many complex factors and interwoven dynamics that help explain the status quo of this language and its very pronounced lack of social prestige, centrally among them are the specific public policies enacted by Brazil's dictatorGetúlio Vargas duringII World War with hisNationalization Campaign, theCampanha de Nacionalização, which aimed aggressively at the eradication non-autochthonous minority languages both from public as well as privet life. Long after Vargas' linguistic legislation was officially suspended, its effect can still be observed among members of communities such as Mato Queimado (SeeStigma management).