| Matara Fort | |
|---|---|
| Part ofMatara | |
| Matara, Sri Lanka | |
| Site information | |
| Type | Defencefort |
| Controlled by | Government of Sri Lanka |
| Open to the public | Yes |
| Condition | Good |
| Location | |
  Matara Fort Sri Lanka | |
| Coordinates | 5°56′54″N80°32′55″E / 5.948304°N 80.548485°E /5.948304; 80.548485 |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1595 |
| Built by | Portuguese |
| Materials | GraniteStones and coral |
| Battles/wars | Matara Rebellion |
TheMatara Fort (Sinhala:මාතර බලකොටුවMathara Balakotuwa;Tamil:மாத்தறைக் கோட்டை,romanized: Māttaṟaik Kōṭṭai) was built in 1560 by the Portuguese and was substantially re-built by the Dutch in 1640, following the capture of Galle. The fort, which consists of a large stonerampart, occupies thepromontory, which separates the Niwala Ganga (River) lagoon and the ocean.
The Portuguese constructed the first fortifications in 1595,[1] with the assistance ofDon Juan Dharmapala, the ruler of theKingdom of Kotte.[2] In 1640 theDutch captured Matara from the Portuguese,[3] and in 1645 they were responsible for the construction of the current fortifications.[2] The fort consists of a 240 m (790 ft) long, 13 m (43 ft) thick, 5 m (16 ft) high rampart and the gateway constructed from local limestone, granite and coral.[1][3] The rampart originally had a ditch in front of it, two halfbastion projections at each end and a larger projection in the centre close to the gate with a bridge across the ditch.[3] It was built to protect the administrative buildings of VOC (Dutch East India Company), who were attracted by the deep and shelteredestuary of the Nilwala Ganga, makingMatara an important centre forcinnamon andelephant trading.
During the 'Matara Rebellion' of 1761, the fort was captured byKirti Sri Rajasinha'sKandyan army[4] that bombarded the town with cannonballs that went over the wall. After spiking their own cannon and destroying their ammunition and provisions, thegarrison was evacuated by two ships that were waiting at sea.[1] The Dutch recaptured the fort on 2 February 1762,[2] finding eight cannon on the walls, including an English one.[5] During the Dutch rule the District Secretary's house, thecinnamon,areca nut,gunpowder storage and an elephantkraal[2] (containing four elephant stables, which could house up to 80 elephants and a tank where the elephants were washed)[5] were constructed within the fort. The oldest building within the fort is theDutch Reformatory Church, which is situated near the entrance. It was built by the Dutch in 1706[6] the date however etched above the entrance, 1767, refers to the reconstruction of the church by the Dutch following the Matara Rebellion.[6] The door and window panels are made of heavy wood while the walls now show signs of crumbling as the proper mixture to rebuild them could not be found within Sri Lanka. Inside are gravestones on the floor dating back to 1686, of significant community members and beneficiaries of their time.[6]
On 24 February 1796 the Fort was handed over to the British by the Dutch. The southern bastion facing the sea was subsequently removed by the British, in order to grant access to the town along the ocean foreshore.[7] During the British occupation, the Courts Complex (including the Magistrate Court and the High Court), Rest House and the Matara Police Station were constructed within the fort area.[2] The majority of walawwas or mansions that belonged to Sri Lankan aristocratic families within the fort area are now utilised for other purposes, such as commercial offices, guesthouses and temples, while others have been let to fall into ruin.[1] In 1817 the British established amission school, today thePresident's College.
In 1883 the British built a 12 m (39 ft) high clock tower atop the remaining rampart.[1]
The rampart was declared a protected monument under the Antiquities Ordinance No 9 of 1940 section 33.[1] The gate and walls of the main fort were restored in 1985–86 by a Dutch firm, Ballast Nedam.[3]
Matara fort is currently the administration centre for the entireMatara District, with the offices of theDistrictSecretariat,Divisional Secretariat, Courts of Law and numerous other state offices.
| Ancient Forts | _fort.jpg)  | |
|---|---|---|
| Colonial Forts | ||
Less or no contribution/renovation works of Dutch are marked by† symbol under "Portuguese Forts", and others are considered as Dutch forts too. | ||
