| Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
.jpg)     From top, left to right: Entrances of theToa Payoh,Little India stations; Exterior ofJurong East station;East–West Line (EWL) platforms atExpo station andThomson–East Coast Line platforms atCaldecott station | |||
| Overview | |||
| Native name | Pengangkutan Gerak Cepat (Malay)[1] 新加坡地铁系统 (Chinese) சிங்கப்பூர் பெருவிரைவு ரயில் (Tamil) | ||
| Owner | Land Transport Authority | ||
| Locale | Singapore | ||
| Transit type | Rapid transit | ||
| Number of lines | 8[note 1] | ||
| Number of stations | 143[note 2] | ||
| Daily ridership | 3.4 million (2024)[2] | ||
| Website | |||
| Operation | |||
| Began operation | 7 November 1987; 38 years ago (1987-11-07) | ||
| Operator(s) | SMRT Trains SBS Transit | ||
| Character | Fullygrade separated | ||
| Number of vehicles | ~623 trains[note 3] comprising >2,800carriages[note 4] | ||
| Train length | 3–8 carriages[note 5] | ||
| Headway | Peak: 1–3 minutes Off-peak: 5–7 minutes[3] | ||
| Technical | |||
| System length | 242.6 km (150.7 mi) | ||
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge | ||
| Minimum radius of curvature | 400–500 m (1,312.34–1,640.42 ft) (mainline), 190 m (623.36 ft) (depot)[4] | ||
| Electrification | 750 V DC third rail[a] 1,500 V DCoverhead catenary[b] | ||
| Top speed | 78–90 km/h (48–56 mph) (service) 90–100 km/h (56–62 mph) (design) | ||
| |||
TheMass Rapid Transit (MRT) system is arapid transit system inSingapore and the island country's principal mode ofrailway transportation. After two decades of planning the system commenced operations in November 1987 with an initial 6 km (3.7 mi) stretch consisting of five stations. The network has since grown to span the length and breadth of the country'smain island – with the exception of theforested core and the ruralnorthwestern region – in accordance with Singapore's aim of developing a comprehensive rail network as the backbone of the country'spublic transportation system,[note 6] averaging a daily ridership of 3.41 million in 2024.[2]
The MRT network encompasses approximately 242.6 km (150.7 mi) of grade-separated route onstandard gauge. As of 2024, there are currently143 operational stations[note 7] dispersed across six operational lines arrayed in acircle-radial topology. Two more lines and 44 stations are currently under construction, in addition to ongoing extension works on existing lines. In total, this will schedule the network to double in length to about 460 km (290 mi) by 2040.[6] Further studies are ongoing on potential new alignments and lines, as well as infill stations in theLand Transport Authority's (LTA) Land Transport Masterplan 2040.[7] The island-wideheavy rail network interchanges with a series ofautomated guideway transit networks localised to select suburbantowns — collectively known as theLight Rail Transit (LRT) system — which, along withpublic buses, complement the mainline by providing alast mile link between MRT stations andHDBpublic housing estates.[8][note 8]
The MRT is the oldest, busiest, and most comprehensive heavy rail metro systemin Southeast Asia.Capital expenditure on its rail infrastructure reached a cumulative S$150 billion[note 9] in 2021, making the network one of the world's costliest on both a per-kilometre and absolute basis.[9][10][11][12][note 10] The system operates under a semi-nationalised hybrid regulatory framework. Construction and procurement are overseen by theLand Transport Authority (LTA), astatutory board of the government, which grants operating concessions to the for-profit operatorsSMRT andSBS Transit. SMRT is astate-owned enterprise underTemasek, while SBS Transit is owned by the public companyComfortDelGro. These operators are responsible for asset maintenance on their respective lines, and also run bus services, facilitating operational synchronicity and the horizontal integration of the broader public transportation network.
The MRT is fully automated and has an extensivedriverless rapid transit system.[13][14] Asset renewal works are periodically carried out to modernise the network and ensure its continued reliability; all stations featureplatform screen doors,Wi-Fi connectivity,lifts,climate control, andaccessibility provisions, among others. Much of the early network is elevated above ground on concreteviaducts, with a small portion running at-grade; newer lines are largely subterranean, incorporating several of thelengthiest continuous subway tunnel sections in the world. A number of underground stations double as purpose-builtair raid shelters under the operational authority of theSingapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF); these stations incorporate deep-level station boxes cast with hardened concrete and blast doors fashioned out of reinforced steel to withstand conventional aerial and chemical ordnance.
The origins of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) were derived from a forecast by the country's planners back in 1967 which stated the need for a rail-based urban transport system by 1992.[15][16][17]
In 1972, a study was conducted by the American firms Wilbur Smith and Associates, Parsons Brinckerhoff (nowWSP USA), Tudor, and Bechtel, which was accounted for by theWorld Bank on behalf of theUnited Nations Development Programme.[18] The study was undertaken for eight years, including the phases of the study in 1974 and 1977. In 1979, to prepare the third phase of the study,Halcrow, a British firm, was appointed to craft the system; meanwhile, a third phase of the study was published in 1981.
However, opposition from the government on the feasibility of the MRT from prominent ministers, among them Finance MinisterGoh Keng Swee and Trades and Industry MinisterTony Tan, nearly shuttered the programme on financial grounds and concerns of jobs saturation in the construction industry.[19] Dr Goh instead endorsed the idea of an all-bus system recommended byHarvard University specialists, who argued this would reduce the cost by 50% compared to the proposed MRT system. Public opinion was split on the matter: several expressed concerns about the high cost while others were more focused on increasing the standard of living. Following a debate on whether a bus-only system would be more cost-effective, Communications MinisterOng Teng Cheong came to the conclusion that an all-bus system would be inadequate, as it would have to compete for road space in a land-scarce country. Ong was an architect and town planner by training and through his perseverance and dedication became the main figure behind the initial construction of the system.[20][21]
AnMRT System Designs Option Study was also conducted to refine the technical details and the recommended measures for the MRT system - these include:
Parsons Brinckerhoff andSOFRETU, a French firm, undertook the design options study.[22][23]
Singapore's MRT infrastructure is built, operated, and managed in accordance with a hybridised quasi-nationalised regulatory framework called the New Rail Financing Framework (NRFF), in which the lines are constructed and the assets owned by theLand Transport Authority, a statutory board of theGovernment of Singapore.[24]
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The network was planned to be constructed and opened in stages, even as plans had already indicated the decision for two main arterial lines. TheNorth–South Line was given priority because it passed through theCentral Area that has a high demand for public transport. De Leuw Cather was appointed to undertake a two-year contract for consultancy in November 1982.[25] The Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRTC)—later renamed SMRT Corporation—was established on 14 October 1983 and took over the roles and responsibilities of the former provisional Mass Rapid Transit Authority.[20][26] On 7 November 1987, the first section of the North–South Line started operations, consisting of five stations over six kilometres. Within a year, 20 more stations had been added to the network and a direct service existed betweenYishun andLakeside stations, linking upCentral Singapore toJurong in the west by the end of 1988. The direct service was eventually split into the North–South and East–West Lines after the latter's completion of the eastern sector toTanah Merah station.[27][28][29] By the end of 1990, the Branch line has further linkedChoa Chu Kang to the network while the inauguration ofBoon Lay station on 6 July 1990 marked the completion of the initial system two years ahead of schedule.[30][31]
The MRT has been continuously expanded ever since. On 10 February 1996, a S$1.2 billion expansion of the North–South Line into Woodlands was completed, merging theBranch Line into the North–South Line and joining Yishun andChoa Chu Kang stations.[32] The concept of having rail lines that bring people almost directly to their homes led to the introduction of theLight Rail Transit (LRT) lines connecting with the MRT network.[32][33] On 6 November 1999, the first LRT trains on theBukit Panjang LRT went into operation.[34] TheExpo andChangi Airport stations were opened on 10 January 2001[35] and 8 February 2002 respectively.[36]
The very first infill station of the MRT network to be built on an existing line,Dover station opened on 18 October 2001.[37] The second infill station,Canberra station opened on 2 November 2019.[38] The third, as well as the first underground infill station,Hume opened on 28 February 2025.[39]
TheNorth East Line, the first line operated by SBS Transit, opened on 20 June 2003, is one of the first fully automated heavy rail lines in the world.[40][41] On 15 January 2006, after intense two-and-a-half years lobbying by the public,[42]Buangkok station was opened,[43][44] followed byWoodleigh station much later on 20 June 2011.[45] The line's extension toPunggol Coast was opened on 10 December 2024.[46] TheBoon Lay Extension of the East–West Line, consisting ofPioneer andJoo Koon stations, opened on 28 February 2009.[47][48]
TheCircle Line opened in four stages with Stage 3 on 28 May 2009,[49] Stages 1 and 2 on 17 April 2010,[50] Stages 4 and 5 on 8 October 2011[51] and the Marina Bay Extension on 14 January 2012.[52] Stage 1 ofDowntown Line opened on 22 December 2013[53] with its official opening made on 21 December 2013 by Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong.[54] Stage 2 opened on 27 December 2015, after being officially opened on 26 December by Prime Minister Lee.[55] TheTuas West Extension of the East–West Line, consisting ofGul Circle,Tuas Crescent,Tuas West Road, andTuas Link stations, opened on 18 June 2017.[56] Stage 3, the final stage of the Downtown Line, opened on 21 October 2017 with its official opening made on 20 October 2017 by Coordinating Minister for Infrastructure and Minister for TransportKhaw Boon Wan.[57] Stage 1 of theThomson–East Coast Line opened on 31 January 2020.[58] Stage 2 of the Thomson–East Coast Line opened on 28 August 2021, extending the line from Woodlands South to Caldecott.[59] Stage 3 of the Thomson–East Coast Line opened on 13 November 2022, extending the line from Caldecott to Gardens by the Bay. On 23 June 2024, the line was extended eastwards terminating at Bayshore.
The lines are named based on their directions and/or locations. The names were envisioned to be user-friendly, as shown in a survey in which 70% of the respondents expressed such a preference. The Land Transport Authority (LTA) had considered other naming methods in June 2007, whether by name, colour or numbers. After the survey, however, the naming scheme was retained and used for subsequent future MRT lines.[62]
_DRMD_20220323_080245.jpg)
Except for the partly at-gradeBishan MRT station (North–South Line), the entirety of the MRT is either elevated or underground. Most below-ground stations are deep and hardened enough to withstandconventional aerial bomb attacks and to serve asbomb shelters.[63][64][65] Mobile phone, 3G, 4G and 5G services are available in every part of the network.[66] Underground stations and trains are air-conditioned, while above-ground stations have ceiling fans installed.
Every station is equipped with Top Up Kiosk (TUKs), a Passenger Service Centre andLED orplasma displays that show train service information and announcements. All stations are equipped with restrooms and payphones; some restrooms are located at street level.[67] Some stations, especially the major ones, have additional amenities and services, such asretail shops and kiosks, supermarkets, convenience stores, automatic teller machines, and self-service automated kiosks for a variety of services.[68] Most heavy-duty escalators at stations carry passengers up or down at a rate of 0.75 m/s, which is 50% faster than conventional escalators. TheLand Transport Authority (LTA) announced a plan to introduce dual speeds to escalators along the North–South and East–West Lines, to make it safer for senior citizens using them. As a result, all escalators on the two lines, through a refurbishment programme, will be able to operate at a different speed of 0.5 m/s during off-peak hours, with completion being targeted for 2022.[69]
All stations constructed before 2001 initially lacked barrier-free facilities and wider AFC faregates such as lifts, ramps and tactile guidance systems for the elderly and disabled.[70] A retrofitting programme was completed in 2006, with every station provided with at least one barrier-free access route.[71] Over the years, additional barrier-free facilities have been constructed in stations.[72][73][74] Since 2020, newer MRT stations have been fitted with a minimum of two lifts.[75]
Operators and authorities have stated that numerous measures had been taken to ensure the safety of passengers, and SBS Transit publicised the safety precautions on the driverlessNorth East Line before and after its opening.[76][77] Safety campaign posters are highly visible in trains and stations, and the operators frequently broadcastsafety announcements to passengers and to commuters waiting for trains.Fire safety standards are consistent and equivalent with the guidelines of theNational Fire Protection Association in the United States.[65][78]
Full-height platform screen doors were already installed in underground stations since 1987, supplied byWestinghouse.[79] There were calls for platform screen doors to be installed at elevated stations after several incidents in which passengers were killed by oncoming trains when they fell onto the railway tracks at elevated stations. The authorities initially rejected such calls by casting doubts over functionality and concerns about the high installation costs.[80] Nevertheless, the LTA reversed its decision and made plans to installhalf-height platform screen doors in all elevated stations on 25 January 2008.[81][82] The first platform screen doors byST Electronics[83] were installed atJurong East,Pasir Ris, andYishun stations in 2009 under trials to test their feasibility.[84]
By 14 March 2012, all elevated stations have been retrofitted with the doors and are operational.[85] These doors prevent suicides and unauthorised access to restricted areas.
There were a few major incidents in the history of the MRT, which opened in 1987. On 5 August 1993, two trainscollided at Clementi station because of anoil spillage on the track, which resulted in 132 injuries.[86] During the construction of the Circle Line on 20 April 2004, a tunnel being constructed underNicoll Highway collapsed and led to the deaths of four workers.[87] On 15 November 2017, two trains, one being empty,collided at low speed atJoo Koon station due to a malfunction with thecommunications-based train control (CBTC).[88][89]
Prior to the2020 circuit breaker measures during the early stages of theCOVID-19 pandemic, the public transport operators and LTA were criticised by some commuters for its delayed actions of crowd control and the enforcement of social distancing on public transport.[90] In response, the LTA rolled out a series of precautionary measures, such as social distancing measures and making the wearing of masks in public transport mandatory.[91][92][93] Social distancing markers were progressively implemented in the MRT trains and stations which commuters must adhere to; enforced by auxiliary officers and transport ambassadors.[94] The significant reduction of commuters asremote work increased resulted in the transport operators reducing train frequencies and closing stations earlier from 17 April.[95][96][97] However, train frequencies were shortly reverted to normal upon review and feedback from the public.[98][99][100]
Since June 2020, the MRT system has resumed pre-circuit breaker operations. Regulations for social distancing on public transport are no longer applicable by law. Social distancing stickers on seats have been removed.[101]
MRT lines operate from 5:30 am to 1:00 am daily, with the exception of selected periods, such asNew Year's Eve,Chinese New Year,Deepavali,Hari Raya,Christmas, eves of public holidays and special occasions such as thestate funeral of Lee Kuan Yew (2015), when most of the lines stay open throughout the night or extended till later (before theCOVID-19 pandemic began in 2020).[102] Additionally, some stretches of the line end earlier, open later and close on a few days of the weekend.[103] The nightly closures are used for maintenance. During theCOVID-19 pandemic across the country, train services ended earlier from 7 April 2020 to 1 June 2020 and service extensions on the eves of public holidays ceased from 7 April 2020 until 28 September 2024 except New Year's Eve. Train service extensions were reinstated back to before the pandemic began in 2020 as mentioned earlier.
Train frequencies are 2 - 3 mins during peak hours and 5 - 6 mins during off-peak hours. If the Christmas and New Year's Eve falls on the weekday, train frequencies will remain the same as weekdays only during morning peak whereas it will become 5 - 6 mins until 3pm and standardised to 5 min frequency throughout the whole period until the last train.
_20210410_171122.jpg)
Early stages of the MRT's construction paid scant attention to station design, with an emphasis on functionality over aesthetics. This is particularly evident in the first few stages of theNorth–South andEast–West lines that opened between 1987 and 1988 fromYio Chu Kang toClementi. An exception to this wasOrchard, chosen by its designers to be a "showpiece" of the system and built initially with a domed roof.[104] Architectural themes became more important only in subsequent stages, and resulted in such designs as the cylindrical station shapes on all stations betweenKallang andPasir Ris exceptEunos, and west ofBoon Lay, and the perched roofs at Boon Lay,Lakeside,Chinese Garden,Bukit Batok,Bukit Gombak,Choa Chu Kang,Khatib,Yishun, andEunos stations.[105][106][107]
Expo station, located on the Changi Airport branch of theEast–West Line, is adjacent to the 100,000-square-metreSingapore Expo exhibition facility. Designed byFoster and Partners and completed in January 2001, the station features a large, pillarless, titanium-clad roof in an elliptical shape that sheathes the length of the station platform. This complements a smaller 40-metre reflective stainless-steel disc overlapping the titanium ellipse and visually floats over a glass elevator shaft and the main entrance. The other station with similar architecture isDover.[108][109]
Changi Airport station, the easternmost station on the MRT network, has the widest platform in any underground MRT station in Singapore. In 2011, it was rated 10 out of 15 most beautiful subway stops in the world by BootsnAll.[110] Various features have been incorporated into the design to make the station aesthetically pleasing to travellers.[111] The station is designed by architectural firmSkidmore, Owings and Merrill, featuring a large interior space and an illuminated 150-metre (490 ft) link bridge spanning over the island platform.[112]
TwoCircle Line stations—Bras Basah andStadium—were commissioned through the Marina Line Architectural Design Competition, which was jointly organised by theLand Transport Authority and the Singapore Institute of Architects. The competition did not require any prior architectural experience from competitors and is acknowledged by the industry as one of the most impartial competitions held in Singapore to date. The winner of both stations wasWOHA. In 2009, "Best Transport Building" was awarded to the designers atWOHA Architects at the World Architecture Festival for their design of Bras Basah station.[113]
Many MRT stations have specially commissioned artworks in a wide variety of art styles and mediums, including sculptures, murals and mosaics.[114][115] With over 300 art pieces across 80 stations, it is Singapore's largestpublic art programme.[114][116]
In the early stages of the MRT, artworks were seldom included; primarily consisting of a few paintings or sculptures representing the recent past of Singapore, mounted in major stations. The opening of theWoodlands Extension introduced bolder pieces of artwork, such as a 4,000 kg sculpture inWoodlands.[117] With the opening of theNorth East Line in 2003, a series of artworks under a programme called "Art in Transit" were commissioned by theLand Transport Authority (LTA). Created by 19 local artists and integrated into the stations' interior architecture, these works aim to promote the appreciation ofpublic art in high-traffic environments. The artwork for each station is designed to suit the station's identity. Subsequently, all stations on the North East, Circle and Downtown Lines have taken part in this programme during their construction, with additional artworks installed at stations on other MRT lines.[114][115]
| Line | Supplier | Solution | Type | Commission Date | Level of Automation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North–South Line | Thales (laterHitachi Rail) | SelTrac Convergence[118] | Moving block; CBTC[c] | 2017 | DTO[d] | Brownfield |
| East–West Line | 2018 | |||||
| North East Line | Alstom | Urbalis 300[119][120] | 2003 | UTO | — | |
| Circle Line | 2009 | |||||
| Downtown Line | InvensysWestinghouse (laterSiemens) | Sirius CBTC[121] | 2013 | |||
| Thomson–East Coast Line | Alstom | Urbalis 400[122] | 2020 | |||
| Jurong Region Line | Siemens | Sirius CBTC | 2027 | |||
| Cross Island Line | 2030 | |||||
| Former | ||||||
| North–South Line | Westinghouse | FS2000 ATP[123] | Fixed block; speed coded[e] | 1987 | STO | Decommissioned on 2 January 2019 |
| East–West Line | Decommissioned on 23 November 2018 | |||||
A key component of the signalling system on the MRT is theautomatic train control (ATC) system, which in turn is made up of two sub-systems: theautomatic train operation (ATO) andautomatic train protection (ATP). The ATC has trackside and trainborne components working together to provide safe train separation by using train detection, localisation, and end of authority protection. It also provides safe train operation and movement by using train speed determination, monitoring, over-speed protection and emergency braking. The safety of alighting and departing passengers will also be provided by using a station interlocking system. The ATO drives the train in automatic mode, providing the traction and braking control demands to the train rolling stock system, adjusts its speed upon approaching the station, and provides the control of opening and closing of train and platform screen doors once the train has stopped at the station. The ATP ensures safe train separation by using the ATP track circuit status and by location determination, monitors the speed of the train to maintain safe braking distance, and initiate emergency braking in the event of overspeed.[124] The MRT also uses an automatic train supervision system to supervise the overall operation of the train service according to a prescribed timetable or train interval.[125][126]
The oldest lines, theNorth–South Line andEast–West Line, were the only lines running with fixedblock signalling. The North–South Line was upgraded tomoving block/CBTC in 2017, and the East–West Line upgraded in 2018. As of 27 May 2018, all MRT lines use the CBTC/moving block system in normal daily operations and from 2 January 2019, the old signalling system ceased operations.[127] In comparison to the original fixed block system, the CBTC can reduce train intervals from 120 seconds to 100 seconds, allowing for a 20% increase in capacity and is able to support bidirectional train operations on a single track, enabling trains to be diverted onto another track in the event of a fault on one track. The CBTC system also permits for improved braking performance in wet weather as compared to the original fixed-block ATC.[128][129][130][131]
All new MRT lines built since the North East Line in 2003 were equipped with CBTC from the outset, and have the capability to becompletely driverless and automated, requiring no on-board staffing. Operations are monitored remotely from the operations control centre of the respective lines. Trains are equipped withintercoms to allow passengers to communicate with staff during emergencies.[132][133][121]
SMRT Corporation has six train depots:Bishan Depot is the central maintenance depot for the North–South Line with train overhaul facilities,[134] whileChangi Depot andUlu Pandan Depot inspect and house trains overnight.[135] The newerTuas Depot, opened in 2017, provides the East–West Line with its own maintenance facility,[136] whileMandai Depot services trains for the Thomson–East Coast Line.[137] The undergroundKim Chuan Depot houses trains for the Circle and Downtown Lines, now jointly managed by the two MRT operators.[138][139][140]
SBS Transit has three depots:Sengkang Depot houses trains for theNorth East Line, theSengkang LRT line, and thePunggol LRT line.Tai Seng Facility Building, connected to and located east ofKim Chuan Depot, is currently used for theDowntown Line. While major operations were shifted to the mainGali Batu Depot in 2015, the Tai Seng Facility Building resumed stabling operations with the extension of the Downtown Line in 2017. It currently operates independently from Kim Chuan Depot. Gali Batu Depot is the first MRT depot in Singapore to achieve the certification ofBuilding and Construction Authority (BCA) Green Mark Gold.[141]
In August 2014, plans for theEast Coast Integrated Depot, the world's first four-in-one train and bus depot were announced. It will be built at Tanah Merah beside the originalChangi Depot site to serve theEast–West,Downtown, andThomson–East Coast lines.[142] The new 36 ha depot can house about 220 trains and 550 buses and integrating the depot for both buses and trains will help save close to 66.12 acres (26.76 ha), or 60 football fields of land.[143]
TheTengah Depot for theJurong Region Line will be situated at the western perimeter ofTengah, and an additional depot facility will be added nearPeng Kang Hill station to support the operations of the JRL.[144] Rolling stock for the Jurong Region Line will be stabled at both facilities. Tengah Depot will house the JRL Operations Control Centre and have a bus depot integrated with it to optimise land use.[145]
TheChangi East Depot will serve the futureCross Island Line, and the depot is to be placed at the eastern end of the line.[146]
ASingapore Rail Test Centre (formerly known as Integrated Train Testing Centre) with several test tracks for different situations and workshops for maintenance and refurbishment is also to be built at Tuas by 2022, with the main function being to test trains and integrated systems robustly before they are deployed on operational lines.[147]
The following table lists the upcoming lines and stations that have been officially announced:
The MRT system relied on its two main lines, the North–South and East–West Lines, for more than a decade until the opening of the North East Line in 2003. While plans for these lines as well as those currently under construction were formulated long before, the Land Transport Authority's publication of a White Paper titled "A World Class Land Transport System" in 1996 galvanised the government's intentions to greatly expand the system.[148][149] It called for the expansion of the 67 kilometres of track in 1995 to 360 in 2030.[148] It was expected that daily ridership in 2030 would grow to 6.0 million from the 1.4 million passengers at that time.[150]
New lines and extensions are mostly announced as part of the Land Transport Master Plan, which is announced every five years and outlines the government's intentions for the future of the transport network in Singapore. The latest plan, the Land Transport Master Plan 2040, was announced on May 25, 2019, and provides for extensions to theDowntown Line andThomson–East Coast Line, a new MRT line under study, and 2 new stations on theNorth–South Line.[151][152][7]
An extension from Expo is planned to begin operations in 2026, adding an additional 2.2 kilometres (1.4 miles) and 2 stations to the line, terminating atSungei Bedok and interchanging with the Thomson–East Coast Line.[153] Upon opening, the entire line will be 44 kilometres (27 miles) long and have 37 stations in total.
An extension fromBukit Panjang to the futureSungei Kadut station on the North–South Line, including anunnamed station in between, is planned to commence operation in 2035.[154]
Stage 5 fromBedok South toSungei Bedok is planned to be operational by 2026.[143]
The northern terminus ofWoodlands North is expected to interchange with theJohor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System for greater connectivity betweenJohor Bahru andWoodlands from the end of 2026, whileFounders' Memorial station, an infill station along Stage 4, is scheduled to open in tandem with the Founders' Memorial in 2028.[155] In addition, this line and Canberra MRT station were the first to use top-up kiosks (TUK) that only allows cashless payments, before extending to all MRT stations by 1 January 2024. Subsequently, the remaining GTM in service is being replaced by TUK-A (Accept Cash).[156][157][158][159][160][161]
An extension of the line is under construction to connect it toChangi Airport, with the line passing throughTerminal 5, and eventually absorbing the existingChangi Airport branch on theEast–West Line. With such an extension, there would be a direct connection between Changi Airport and the city. This extension is expected to start operating by the mid-2030s.[162] Tender for tunneling works was awarded to Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Corporation, to connect the existingChangi Airport station to the futureChangi Terminal 5 station.
The 4-kilometre (2.5-mile) extension Stage 6 fromMarina Bay throughKeppel, ending atHarbourFront, effectively completes the circle and links the current ends of the line, allowing for through service through the future Southern Waterfront City without the need to change to other lines.[163] Stage 6 comprises theKeppel,Cantonment, andPrince Edward Road stations. It is slated to commence operations in the first half of 2026.[164]
First proposed as an LRT line when originally announced in 2001, the 20-kilometre (12-mile) Jurong Region Line has since been upgraded to be a medium capacity line after the project was revived in 2013. The new configuration encompassesWest Coast,Tengah andChoa Chu Kang andJurong.
An extension of the Jurong Region Line to meet with the Circle Line is currently under study,[165] which if fulfilled, will provide commuters on the line easier access to the central area of the city.[166] Originally proposed to terminate atHaw Par Villa station, the plan was later revised to be linked toKent Ridge station instead.[167] The extension is planned to be opened in two phases, with the first phase linkingPandan Reservoir station toWest Coast station on the Cross Island Line by the late 2030s, and the second phase completing the extension to Kent Ridge station by the early 2040s.[167]
The 50-kilometre (31.1-mile) Cross Island Line is expected to span the entire horizontal axis of mainland Singapore, passing throughTuas,Jurong,Sin Ming,Ang Mo Kio,Hougang,Punggol,Pasir Ris, andChangi. The new line will provide commuters with another alternative for east–west travel to the currentEast–West Line andDowntown Line. Connected to all the other major lines, it is designed to serve as a key transfer line, complementing the role currently fulfilled by the orbitalCircle Line.
Stage 1 of the line was announced in 2019 and consists of 29 kilometres (18.0 miles) and 12 stations, and is planned to be completed in 2030.[146][168] Vis-a-vis its short rail length from Aviation Park (Changi) to Bright Hill (Bishan), the project costs S$13.3 billion, and is one of the most expensive rail projects globally, to begin construction in 2022.[169] In addition, the extension to Punggol announced in 2020 consists of three stations spanning 7.3 kilometres (4.5 miles), and is planned to be completed by 2032.[151][170][171][172] Completion of the line is expected to take an even longer timeframe due to the environmental study aspects, targeted to be completed by 2030.[163]
Two new stations are planned along the existingNorth–South Line.Brickland station is expected to be built betweenBukit Gombak andChoa Chu Kang stations, whileSungei Kadut station is expected to be built betweenYew Tee andKranji stations. Both MRT stations are expected to be completed by mid-2030s.[151]
Since 2019, as part of the Land Transport Master Plan 2040, feasibility studies are ongoing for a possible ninth MRT line to link Singapore's north and northeastern regions to the south of the island,[7] later given the tentative name of Seletar Line.[167] The new line is proposed to serve areas such asWoodlands,Sembawang,Sengkang West,Serangoon North,Whampoa,Kallang, and theGreater Southern Waterfront.[162] By November 2025, feasibility studies for the Seletar Line were still underway.[173] Acting Transport MinisterJeffrey Siow concurrently mentioned that more information on the line will likely be unveiled in early-2026.[174]
In March 2025, then Transport MinisterChee Hong Tat announced the tentatively named Tengah Line, which would provide an alternate route from the west and northwestern region to town, serving areas such asTengah,Bukit Batok,Queensway, andBukit Merah. Studies are also ongoing to determine the feasibility of extending the line to theGreater Southern Waterfront and connecting with the proposed Seletar Line, in which case both lines may merge into one single line.[175][167]
Stations are divided into two areas,paid andunpaid, which allow the rail operators to collect fares by restricting entry only through the fare gates, also known asaccess control gates.[176] These gates, connected to a computer network, can read and update electronic tickets capable of storing data, and can store information such as the initial and destination stations and the duration for each trip.[177]
The ticketing system currently utilises a mixture of Account-Based Ticketing (ABT), or SimplyGo,[178] and legacy (non-ABT)card-based options. The station machines allow the customer to buy additional value for stored value smartcards. Such smartcards require a minimum amount of stored credit.[179]
As the fare system has been integrated by TransitLink, commuters need to pay only one fare and pass through two fare gates (once on entry, once on exit) for an entire journey for most interchange stations, even when transferring between lines operated by different companies.[177] Commuters can choose to extend a trip mid-journey, and pay the difference when they exit their destination station.[180]
Because the rail operators are government-assisted, profit-based corporations, fares on the MRT system are pitched to at least break-even level.[63][181] The operators collect these fares by selling electronic data-storing tickets, the prices of which are calculated based on the distance between the start and destination stations.[177] These prices increase in fixed stages for standard non-discounted travel. Fares are calculated in increments based on approximate distances between stations, in contrast to the use of fare zones in other subway systems, such as theLondon Underground.[182][183][184]
Although operated by private companies, the system's fare structure is regulated by thePublic Transport Council (PTC), to which the operators submit requests for changes in fares.[181][185] Fares are kept affordable by pegging them approximately to distance-related bus fares, thus encouraging commuters to use the network and reduce heavy reliance on the bus system. Fare increases have caused public concern.[186][187] Historically, fares on the fully undergroundNorth East,Circle, andDowntown lines had been higher than those of theNorth–South andEast–West lines (NSEWL), a disparity that was justified by citing higher costs of operation and maintenance on a completely underground line. However, thePublic Transport Council (PTC) announced in 2016 that fares for the three underground lines would be reduced to match those on the NSEWL, which took effect along with the yearly-applied fare changes, on 30 December 2016.[188][189]
After the opening of Downtown Line Stage 3, Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan announced that public transport fare rules would be reviewed to allow for transfers across MRT lines at different stations due to the increasing density of the rail network. At the time, commuters were charged a second time when they made such transfers. He added that the PTC would review distance-based fare transfer rules to ensure they continue to facilitate "fast, seamless" public transport journeys. The review of distance-based fare rules on MRT lines was completed, and a waiver on the second boarding fee incurred when making such transfers was announced on 22 March 2018. The scheme was implemented on 29 December of the same year.[190][191][192]
The SimplyGo ABT system,[193] acceptsbank cards,mobile wallets andproprietary cards issued byEZ-Link andNETS.[194] The legacy card-based system, that utilises the EZ-Link and NETS flashpay cards,[195] on theSymphony for e-Payments (SeP), remains usable beyond 1 June 2024,[196] after the government agreed to spend an extra $40 million for their continued use. The EZ-Link and NETS flashpay cards had entered into service in 2009,[197] and replaced theFeliCa EZ-Link card.[198] The FeliCa EZ-Link card, had in turn replaced the magnetic Transitlink farecard in 2002.[197]
ABT using bank cards and mobile wallets, has eliminated the need for top-ups.[199] The stored value cards using card-based, or cloud-based accounts,[200] and issued by NETS and EZ-Link, may be purchased at the ticketing offices or merchant outlets, for immediate use. The stored value cards could be topped up from the user's primary accounts (such as bank deposits or credit facilities), via their respective mobile applications, or other options under the terms of use. Additional credit of a predetermined value may also be automatically credited into the card when the card value runs low via an automatic recharge service provided by Interbank GIRO or credit card. An Adult Monthly Travel Card for unlimited travel on MRT, LRT, and buses may also be purchased and is non-transferable.
In 2017, TransitLink became the first public transport provider in Southeast Asia to accept contactless bank cards and the use of mobile wallets such asApple Pay,Google Pay andSamsung Pay. The system, named SimplyGo, allows commuters to tap their contactless debit or credit cards, or smartphones/smart watches to pay for fares on the MRT, LRT and Bus network.[201][202][203] The SimplyGo and NETS Prepaid cards were added to the system and made available to the public since 2021.[203][204]
The Standard Ticketcontactless smart card for single or return journeys, has been phased out completely since March 2022.[205] It was subject to a system of deposits and surcharges: A S$0.10 deposit was levied on top of the fare to be paid. The deposit would be automatically refunded through an offset of the fare to be paid for the third journey on the same ticket while an additional discount of S$0.10 would be given for the sixth journey on the same ticket. No refund of the deposit would be provided if the card was used for fewer than 3 journeys. The ticket could be used for the purchase of single or return journeys to and from pre-selected stations up to a maximum of six journeys over 30 days. Fares for the Standard Ticket were always higher than those charged for the stored-valued CEPAS (EZ-Link and NETS FlashPay) cards for the same distance traveled. The ticket could be retained by the user after each journey and does not need to be returned.
For tourists, a Singapore Tourist Pass contactless smartcard may be purchased for use on the public transport network.[206] The card may be bought at selected TransitLink ticket offices and Singapore Visitors Centres.[207]
The MRT system did not experience any major performance issues during its first quarter-century of operations. However, there were occasional disruptions around the period from 2011 to 2018, the cause of which was often attributed to the system aging coupled with increased ridership due to population growth.[208][209]
Beginning with the train disruptions in 2011, this incident led to a committee of inquiry which uncovered serious shortcomings in SMRT's maintenance regime.[210] For the December 2011 disruptions, theLand Transport Authority imposed a maximum penalty ofS$2 million onSMRT (approximately US$1.526 million) for the two train disruptions along the North–South Line on 15 and 17 December 2011.[211] A Committee of Inquiry discovered shortcomings in the maintenance regime and checks, prompting then-CEOSaw Phaik Hwa to resign.[212]
A much larger power-related incident than the December 2011 event occurred on 7 July 2015, when train services on both the North–South and East–West Lines were shut down in both directions following a major power trip.[213] The disruption lasted for more than 3 hours, affecting 413,000 commuters. This was considered the worst disruption to the MRT network since it first began operations in 1987 – surpassing the December 2011 event. Independent experts from Sweden and Japan were hired to conduct investigation into the cause of the disruption. The cause was identified as damage to athird rail insulator due to a water leak atTanjong Pagar station. Consequently, a program was implemented to replace insulators liable to similar failure.[214] For the July 2015 disruption, LTA imposed a higher penalty of S$5.4 million on SMRT.[215]
On 22 March 2016, afatal accident occurred offPasir Ris station. Two of SMRT's track-maintenance trainee staff were lethally run over by an approaching C151 at a signalling box of the station.[216] They were part of a technical team of 15 staff led by a supervisor and were asked to go down to the tracks to investigate an alarm triggered by a possible signalling equipment fault. The operator said the team had permission to access the tracks, but did not coordinate with a signal unit in the station control to ensure train captains in the area where the team was exercised caution while pulling into Pasir Ris station.[217] This incident resulted in a 2.5-hour service disruption between Tanah Merah and Pasir Ris Stations, affecting at least 10,000 commuters.[218]
On 7 October 2017, a dilapidated float and pump system atBishan station caused a tunnel flood after heavy torrential rainstorms. It was the worst train disruption since 2011 and was the first ever flooding incident in the history of the MRT.[219] This resulted in criticism on the public transport operators among Singaporeans once again, and a huge debate about the "high rankings" that manage the system, with calls being made for the resignation of then Transport MinisterKhaw Boon Wan.[220] Urban transport expert Park Byung Joon from theSingapore University of Social Sciences added that the negligence displayed by SMRT in this regard was tantamount to a criminal offence, and after an internal investigation, found that the maintenance crew of the Bishan Station's pump system had submitted maintenance records for nearly a year without actually carrying out the works.[221]
On 25 September 2024, amajor train disruption on the East-West Line occurred when an eastboundKawasaki Heavy Industries C151 train suffered a fault nearClementi station. As the train was returning to Ulu Pandan Depot after disembarking its passengers, a defectiveaxle box dropped onto the tracks and dislodged thebogie frame, causing damage to 2.55 km (1.58 mi) of track and trackside equipment.[222] The incident shut down all EWL train services betweenBoon Lay andQueenstown for 6 days until 1 October.[223][224]
The December 2011 disruptions brought the state of public transportation as a whole to national prominence among Singaporeans, who had previously considered the system to be reliable and robust since its inception in 1987.[225] LTA also noted a marked increase in dissatisfaction with public transport with the release of the 2012 Public Transport Customer Satisfaction Survey, and promised government action to deal with issues relating to system disruptions.[226]
The government reviewed the penalties for train disruptions,[225] and made free travel available for all bus services passing MRT stations affected during any train disruptions. Exits were also made free.[227] Affected commuters are now able to obtain atravel chit that certifies that they were delayed due to a train service disruption;[228] these are also available in electronic form.[229] In addition, to increase satisfaction with public transport, free off-peak morning travel, later changed to a discount, was introduced with further improvements continuing to be discussed.[225]
Since 2018, efforts in both maintenance and renewal are starting to pay off with the MRT system clocking an average of 690,000 km between delays in 2018 – a 3.8 times improvement than in 2017. The North–South Line, which was hit by the tunnel flood in 2017, in particular saw its train-km between delays increase by ten-fold from 89,000 km between delays in 2017 to 894,000 km in 2018.[230] By July 2019, the Mean Kilometres Between Failure (MKBF) for the North–South and East–West Lines had jumped to 700,000 km and 1,400,000 km respectively.[231] The new challenges encountered by the government were now on keeping the funding of such renewals required sustainable in the decades ahead.[232]
Security concerns related to crime and terrorism were not high on the agenda of the system's planners at its inception.[233] After theMadrid train bombings in 2004 and thefoiled plot to bomb the Yishun MRT station in 2001,[234] the operators deployed private, unarmed guards to patrol station platforms and conduct checks on the belongings of commuters, especially those carrying bulky items.[235]
Recorded announcements are frequently made to remind passengers to report suspicious activity and not to leave their belongings unattended, and since 2023; to remind people on voyeurism such as molestation and taking of upskirt photos.
Digitalclosed-circuit cameras (CCTVs) have been upgraded with recording-capability at all stations and trains operated by SMRT Corporation.[236][237] Trash bins and mail boxes have been removed from station platforms and concourse levels to station entrances, to eliminate the risk ofbombs planted in them.[238] While photography and filming is allowed at all of the public areas (except train depots where it is gazetted as restricted areas by law), station staff may conduct checks and interviews to ensure that they are not intended to be used for criminal activities such as taking of upskirt photos. Staff and police may reserve the right to stop these activities.[239]
In 2005, theSingapore Police Force announced plans to step up rail security by establishing a specialised security unit for public transport, then known as the Police MRT unit. The unit today expanded to becomePublic Transport Security Command (TRANSCOM) since 2009.[240][241] These armed officers began overt patrols on the MRT and LRT systems on 15 August 2005, conducting random patrols in pairs in and around stations and within trains.[242] They are trained and authorised to use their firearms at their discretion, including deadly force if deemed necessary.[243] The unit over time went on to handle other crimes committed on the MRT network, such as theft and molestation. Recently, on its tenth anniversary in 2019, it has formally evolved to become a hybrid, community-based force, and has launched an initiative to get commuters to aid Transcom officers. Since then, 26,000 people have volunteered, far above the 3000 target.[241]
Civil exercises are regularly conducted to maintain preparedness for contingencies. In January 2006,Exercise Northstar V involved over 2,000 personnel from 22 government agencies responding to simulated bombings and chemical attacks at Dhoby Ghaut, Toa Payoh, Raffles Place and Marina Bay stations.[244] In August 2013, Exercise Greyhound tested the response of SBS Transit's Operations Control Centre and the implementation of its contingency plans for bus bridging, free bus service and deployment ofgoodwill ambassadors (GAs) during a simulated prolonged train service disruption. About 300 personnel including representatives from LTA, SBST, SMRT, the Singapore Police Force's Transport Command (TransCom), Traffic Police and Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) participated in the exercise.[245]
Security concerns were brought up by the public when two incidents ofvandalism at train depots occurred within two years.[246] In both incidents,graffiti on the affected trains was discovered after they entered revenue service.[247]The first incident, on 17 May 2010, involved a breach in the perimeter fence ofChangi Depot and resulted in the imprisonment andcaning of a Swiss citizen, and an Interpol arrest warrant for his accomplice.[248][249] SMRT Corporation received a S$50,000 fine by the Land Transport Authority for the first security breach.[249] Measures were put in place by the Public Transport Security Committee to enhance depot security in light of the first incident, but works were yet to be completed by SMRT Corporation when the second incident, on 17 August 2011, occurred at Bishan Depot.[246][247]
Under theRapid Transit Systems Act,[250] acts such as smoking, consumption of any food or drink, including sweets and plain water in stations and trains,[251] misuse of emergency equipment, unauthorised photography or filming of railway assets and trespassing onto railway tracks or into train depots are illegal,[252] with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment and possiblycaning.[253] Some commentators have suggested that SMRT's strict enforcement of the total ban on the consumption of any food or drink, including sweets and plain water, especially during hot weather[254] or against persons with legitimate needs (such as where consumption of food or drink is needed for medical reasons), is disproportionate and unnecessary.[255][256]
There are generally a number of seats in each MRT carriage designated as 'priority seats' located near the train doors which are intended to be used by the elderly, pregnant women, parents with infants and others with mobility problems.[257] The use of such seats by persons who do not fit the foregoing description or who do not outwardly appear to be in need of a seat on the MRT, has repeatedly been the subject of public debate in Singapore.[258][259][260]
In 2019, the LTA launched the "May I have a seat please?" initiative. Under the initiative, upon request, LTA provides commuters with non-visible health conditions or disabilities or short-term or temporary conditions (such as where they are on medical leave), with a lanyard or sticker respectively reading "May I have a seat please?".[261][262][263]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)Woodleigh, the last unopened station along the North East Line, will begin revenue service on Monday, 20 June 2011...
To date, more than 300 artworks can be found across 80 stations.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) at Wikibooks
Media related toMass Rapid Transit (Singapore) at Wikimedia CommonsItalicized entries are planned or under construction | |||||||||
| Overview | _Sengkang_LRT_Line_Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries_Crystal_Mover_C810_11_%40_Cheng_Lim_2025-02-02.jpg)  | ||||||||
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Rapid transit in Asia | |
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 Armenia | |
 Azerbaijan | |
 Bangladesh | |
 China (PRC) |
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 Georgia | |
 India | |
 Indonesia | |
 Iran | |
 Israel | |
 Japan | |
 Kazakhstan | |
 Mongolia | |
 North Korea | |
 Malaysia | |
 Pakistan | |
 Philippines | |
 Qatar | |
 Russia | |
 Saudi Arabia | |
 Singapore | |
 South Korea | |
 Taiwan (ROC) | |
 Thailand | |
 Turkey | |
 United Arab Emirates | |
 Uzbekistan | |
 Vietnam | |
* Under construction. | |
