Maryland's 3rd congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative	Sarah Elfreth D–Annapolis
Area	292.74 sq mi (758.2 km2)
Distribution	98.7% urban 1.3% rural
Population (2024)	782,840
Median household income	$136,641[1]
Ethnicity	57.0%White 17.2%Black 10.9%Asian 9.0%Hispanic 5.1%Two or more races 0.8% other
Occupation	71.7%White-collar 15.7%Blue-collar 12.5%Gray-collar
Cook PVI	D+12[2]

Maryland's 3rd congressional district covers all ofHoward county as well as parts ofAnne Arundel andCarroll counties. The seat is currently represented bySarah Elfreth, aDemocrat.

Three people who represented Maryland in theUnited States Senate were also former representatives of the 3rd district, includingBen Cardin,Barbara Mikulski, andPaul Sarbanes.

The district's previously odd shape was attributed togerrymandering to favorDemocratic candidates, following the2000^[3] and2010^[4] censuses. In 2012, the district was found to be the third least compact congressional district in the United States,^[5] and in 2014,The Washington Post called it the nation's second-most gerrymandered district.^[6]John Sarbanes, the previous Democratic Representative for the district, put forth theFor the People Act of 2019 to addresselectoral reform,voting rights, andgerrymandering in the United States.^[7][8] Following the 2020 redistricting cycle, it now includes Howard County, most of Anne Arundel County including Glen Burnie and Annapolis, and part of Carroll County, specifically the areas around Mount Airy. For the first time in decades, the district did not includeBaltimore City orBaltimore County. It not only lost its connection to Mikulski, Cardin, and Paul Sarbanes, but left John Sarbanes' home outside the district.

Maryland's 3rd district was one of the 61 districts that elected a representative to the1st United States Congress. It also has the distinction of being one of the few congressional districts that once included areas not currently in the state they are in. The 3rd congressional district originally was composed ofPrince George's County, Maryland andAnne Arundel County, Maryland.^[9] At that point, what is nowHoward County, Maryland, was in Anne Arundel County, and Prince George's County included the eastern half of theDistrict of Columbia.

In 1792, the Maryland 3rd Congressional District was moved to includeMontgomery County, Maryland, and the eastern half ofFrederick County, Maryland. The population was about 33,000.^[10] However, the western portion of what is todayCarroll County, Maryland was at this point in Frederick County, and the western half of theDistrict of Columbia was in Montgomery County. This latter fact explains why the district lost population, even though it, in theory, did not experience redistricting after the 1800 census. With the population ofGeorgetown, D. C., no longer in the district, its 1800 population was about 31,000.^[11] At this point, the 3rd was Maryland's least populous district, barely having half the population of the Baltimore City and County 5th district, which, in 1800, had just above 59,000 inhabitants.^[12]

The boundaries remained the same after the 1810, 1820, and 1830 censuses. While, in 1820, the district had about 36,000 inhabitants, its population had risen to 53,622 in 1830.^[13] With the formation of Carroll County in the 1830s, as well as Maryland falling from 8 to 6 congressional seats, the boundaries of the 3rd Congressional District were drastically redrawn. The only area that remained in the 3rd Congressional District was the part of Carroll County that had been in Frederick County. The 3rd also included Baltimore County and the western half of the city of Baltimore. Its new population was 69,923, 24.5% of whom were black.^[14]

In 1853, the 3rd district was redrawn again. The new district consisted of Baltimore County, except for the northern and western parts of the county and about the eastern third of the City of Baltimore. The district now had a population of 95,729.^[15] In the redistricting following the 1860 census, Maryland was reduced to five congressional districts. The 3rd was moved so that it contained the part of Baltimore that had not been in the 3rd before 1863. It now had a population of 130,040.^[16] In 1873, the 3rd district was moved again, to be the east side of Baltimore. It now had a population of 120,978.^[17]

For the118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:^[21]

Anne ArundelCounty(20)

Annapolis,Annapolis Neck,Arden on the Severn,Arnold,Brooklyn Park,Cape St. Claire,Crownsville,Ferndale,Gambrills,Glen Burnie,Herald Harbor,Jessup (part; also5th; shared with Howard County),Lake Shore,Linthicum,Odenton (part; also5th),Pasadena,Parole,Riviera Beach,Severn,Severna Park

CarrollCounty(2)

Eldersburg (part; also2nd),Mount Airy (part; also6th; shared withFrederick County)

HowardCounty(10)

All 10 communities

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	Location
District created March 4, 1789
Benjamin Contee (Charles County)	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791	1st	Elected in 1789. Lost re-election.
William Pinkney (Annapolis)	Pro-Administration	March 4, 1791 – November 9, 1791	2nd	Elected in 1790. Resigned due to questions of ineligibility.
Vacant		November 9, 1791 – February 5, 1792
John Francis Mercer (Galesville)	Anti-Administration	February 5, 1792 – March 3, 1793		Elected October 26–29, 1791 to finish Pinkney's term. Redistricted to the2nd district.
Uriah Forrest (Georgetown)	Pro-Administration	March 4, 1793 – November 8, 1794	3rd	Elected in 1792. Re-elected in 1794. Resigned.
Vacant		November 8, 1794 – January 2, 1795
Benjamin Edwards (Montgomery County)	Pro-Administration	January 2, 1795 – March 3, 1795		Elected to finish Forrest's term. Retired.
Jeremiah Crabb (Rockville)	Federalist	March 4, 1795 – June 1, 1796	4th	Elected in 1794. Resigned.
Vacant		June 1, 1796 – December 5, 1796
William Craik (Baltimore)	Federalist	December 5, 1796 – March 3, 1801	4th 5th 6th	Elected October 3, 1796 to finish Crabb's term. Also elected the same day to the next term. Re-elected in 1798. Retired.
Thomas Plater (Georgetown)	Federalist	March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1805	7th 8th	Elected in 1801. Re-elected in 1803. Lost re-election.
Patrick Magruder (Rockville)	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1807	9th	Elected in 1804. Lost re-election.
Philip Barton Key (Rockville)	Federalist	March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1813	10th 11th 12th	Elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Re-elected in 1810. Retired.
Alexander Contee Hanson (Rockville)	Federalist	March 4, 1813 – 1816	13th 14th	Elected in 1812. Re-elected in 1814. Resigned when elected U.S. Senator.
Vacant		1816 – October 7, 1816	14th
George Peter (Darnestown)	Federalist	October 7, 1816 – March 3, 1819	14th 15th	Elected to finish Hanson's term. Also elected to the next term in 1816. Lost re-election.
Henry Ridgely Warfield (Middleburg)	Federalist[a]	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1825	16th 17th 18th	Elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Re-elected in 1822. Retired.
George Peter (Darnestown)	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827	19th	Elected in 1824. Lost re-election.
George Corbin Washington (Rockville)	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1833	20th 21st 22nd	Elected in 1826. Re-elected in 1829. Re-elected in 1831. [data missing]
James Turner (Wiseburg)	Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837	23rd 24th	Elected in 1833. Re-elected in 1835. [data missing]
John Tolley Hood Worthington (Shawan)	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841	25th 26th	Elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839. [data missing]
James Wray Williams (Churchville)	Democratic	March 4, 1841 – December 2, 1842	27th	Elected in 1841. Died.
Vacant		December 2, 1842 – January 2, 1843
Charles S. Sewall (Elkton)	Democratic	January 2, 1843 – March 3, 1843		Elected to finish Williams's term. [data missing]
John Wethered (Franklin)	Whig	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	28th	Elected late in 1844. [data missing]
Thomas Watkins Ligon (Ellicotts Mills)	Democratic	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849	29th 30th	Elected in 1845. Re-elected in 1847. [data missing]
Edward Hammond (Ellicotts Mills)	Democratic	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853	31st 32nd	Elected in 1849. Re-elected in 1851. [data missing]
Joshua Van Sant (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Elected in 1853. [data missing]
James Morrison Harris (Baltimore)	Know Nothing	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861	34th 35th 36th	Elected in 1855. Re-elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859. [data missing]
Cornelius Leary (Baltimore)	Union	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863	37th	Elected in 1861. [data missing]
Henry Winter Davis (Baltimore)	Unconditional Union	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865	38th	Elected in 1863. [data missing]
Charles Edward Phelps (Baltimore)	Unconditional Union	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867	39th 40th	Elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. [data missing]
	Conservative	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869
Thomas Swann (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Redistricted to the4th district.
William James O'Brien (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1877	43rd 44th	Elected in 1872. Re-elected in 1874. [data missing]
William Kimmel (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1881	45th 46th	Elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. [data missing]
Fetter Schrier Hoblitzell (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1885	47th 48th	Elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. [data missing]
William Hinson Cole (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1885 – July 8, 1886	49th	Elected in 1884. Died.
Vacant		July 8, 1886 – November 2, 1886
Harry Welles Rusk (Baltimore)	Democratic	November 2, 1886 – March 3, 1897	49th 50th 51st 52nd 53rd 54th	Elected to finish Cole's term. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. [data missing]
William Samuel Booze (Baltimore)	Republican	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899	55th	Elected in 1896. [data missing]
Frank Charles Wachter (Baltimore)	Republican	March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1907	56th 57th 58th 59th	Elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. [data missing]
Harry Benjamin Wolf (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1909	60th	Elected in 1906. [data missing]
John Kronmiller (Baltimore)	Republican	March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1911	61st	Elected in 1908. [data missing]
George Konig (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1911 – May 31, 1913	62nd 63rd	Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Died.
Vacant		May 31, 1913 – November 4, 1913	63rd
Charles Pearce Coady (Baltimore)	Democratic	November 4, 1913 – March 3, 1921	63rd 64th 65th 66th	Elected to finish Konig's term. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. [data missing]
John B.P.C. Hill (Baltimore)	Republican	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1927	67th 68th 69th	Elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. [data missing]
Vincent L. Palmisano (Baltimore)	Democratic	March 4, 1927 – January 3, 1939	70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th	Elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. [data missing]
Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. (Baltimore)	Democratic	January 3, 1939 – May 16, 1947	76th 77th 78th 79th 80th	Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Resigned to becomeMayor of Baltimore.
Vacant		May 16, 1947 – July 15, 1947	80th
Edward Garmatz (Baltimore)	Democratic	July 15, 1947 – January 3, 1973	80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd	Elected to finish D'Alesandro Jr.'s term. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. [data missing]
Paul Sarbanes (Baltimore)	Democratic	January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1977	93rd 94th	Redistricted from the4th district andre-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired torun for U.S. Senator.	1973–1983 [data missing]
Barbara Mikulski (Baltimore)	Democratic	January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1987	95th 96th 97th 98th 99th	Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Retired torun for U.S. Senator.
					1983–1993 [data missing]
Ben Cardin (Baltimore)	Democratic	January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2007	100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th	Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Retired torun for U.S. Senator.
					1993–2003 [data missing]
					2003–2013
John Sarbanes (Baltimore)	Democratic	January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2025	110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th 117th 118th	Elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Retired.
					2013–2023
					2023–present
Sarah Elfreth (Annapolis)	Democratic	January 3, 2025– present	119th	Elected in 2024.

• Maryland's congressional districts
• Gerrymandering
• List of United States congressional districts

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