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Martín de Rada (June 30, 1533 - June 12, 1578) was one of the first members of theOrder of Saint Augustine (OSA) to spread the Christian doctrine in thePhilippines, as well as one of the first Christian missionaries to visitMing China.
He was born inPamplona, Spain, on July 20, 1533, to León de Rada and Margarita de Cruzat. At the age of twelve he was sent by his parents to the University of Paris along with his older brother. He was an outstanding student of the sciences but was forced to return home because of hostilities between France and Spain. He continued his studies at theUniversity of Salamanca, where he joined the Augustinians and made his religious vows on November 21, 1554. The King granted him the priory of Ujué and the abbey of La Oliva in recognition of the services that his parents and grandparents had provided to the Crown.[1]
In 1560, he volunteered to work inNew Spain (Mexico), a decision he reached while assigned at the Augustinian monastery inToledo.Alonso de la Vera Cruz, OSA, an educator who established in Mexico the first university in theNew World, later wrote that de Rada was "a man of uncommon talent, a good theologian and an eminence in mathematics. ..."
In Mexico, de Rada was assigned to study theOtomi language, and was successfully speaking it after only five months in the area. He went on to write instructional sermons and a book in that language. The talents and administrative abilities of de Rada were noted not only by the Augustinian leaders in Mexico but also by his superiors in Spain.
When in 1564 Augustinians were being chosen to accompanyAndrés de Urdaneta, OSA, on the royal expedition to the Philippines that was to sail from Mexico under the command of DonMiguel López de Legazpi, hisFather Provincial (or regional religious superior) in Spain asked that de Rada should stay in Mexico "until it is known about the success of the armada" (that is, the success of Legazpi's armed fleet in its attempt to reach and colonize the Philippines).
As it happened, de Rada had already sailed in the Legazpi expedition before the Provincial's letter reached Mexico. The Legazpi expedition reachedCebu in the Philippines on April 27, 1565.
When on June 1, 1565, Urdaneta, accompanied byAndrés de Aguirre, OSA, began his historic return voyage of exploration to Mexico, de Rada remained in the Philippines with Diego de Herrera, OSA, and Pedro de Gamboa, OSA. The trio quickly learned the localCebuano language.
De Rada remained at Cebu from 1565 to 1572, earning him a place in history as "the apostle of the Christian Faith in Cebu."In 1566-67, he also made voyages to adjacent islands, mainlyPanay, and preached there as well. In 1572 he became the Augustinian regional superior in the Philippines.
While in Cebu, de Rada had begun to studyChinese. In 1574, he acted as an interpreter to a group of Chinese merchants who visitedManila. He later proposed a plan toconquer China that was never realized.
On June 26, 1575, de Rada andJeronimo Marin, OSA, accompanied a delegation of officials toChina. They reached the port ofAmoy (Xiamen) inHokkien province on July 5, and visited a number of cities. The group returned to Manila on October 28, 1575.
De Rada wrote detailed observations on the Chinese people and their way of life. In 1578 de Rada was once again placed on an expedition by the governor of Manila; this was toBorneo, where there was rivalry within the family of thesultan.
The expedition sailed from Manila on March 3, 1578, but was not successful. On the return voyage many people in the expedition got sick. De Rada was one of those less fortunate, and died at sea on the 12th of June shortly before the ship reached Manila. He was only forty-five years of age.
De Rada is much remembered as a great defender of theFilipino people against injustice of Spanish officials at the local level. A key document in this matter was hisParescer del Provincial fray Martin de Rada, agostino, sobre las coasa de estas tieras ("About the abuses committed against the natives in the collection of tributes"), dated at Manila, June 21, 1574.
