 | |
| Mission type | Mars orbiter[1] |
|---|---|
| Operator | Soviet space program |
| COSPAR ID | 1973-047A |
| SATCATno. | 6742 |
| Mission duration | 203 days, 20 hours and 7 minutes |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | 3MS No.52S |
| Manufacturer | NPO Lavochkin |
| Launch mass | 3,440 kg (7,580 lb)[2] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 21 July 1973, 19:30:59 (1973-07-21UTC19:30:59Z) UTC[3] |
| Rocket | Proton-K/D |
| Launch site | Baikonur81/23 |
| Contractor | Khrunichev |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | 10 February 1974, 15:38 UTC |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Heliocentric[4] |
| Perihelion altitude | 1.02 AU |
| Aphelion altitude | 1.63 AU |
| Inclination | 2.2° |
| Period | 556 days |
| Flyby ofMars (failed orbiter) | |
| Closest approach | 10 February 1974, 15:34 UTC |
| Distance | 1,844 km (1,146 mi) |
Mars 4 (Russian:Марс-4), also known as3MS No.52S was aSoviet spacecraft intended to explore Mars. A 3MS spacecraft launched as part of theMars programme, it was intended to enter orbit around Mars in 1974. However, computer problems prevented orbital insertion from occurring.[5]
The Mars 4 spacecraft carried an array of instruments to study Mars. In addition to cameras, it was equipped with a radio telescope, an IRradiometer, multiplephotometers,polarimeters, amagnetometer,plasma traps, anelectrostatic analyzer, agamma-ray spectrometer, and a radio probe.[6]
Built by Lavochkin, Mars 4 was the first of two 3MS spacecraft launched to Mars in 1973, being followed byMars 5. A 3MS was also launched during the 1971 launch window asKosmos 419. However, due to a launch failure, it failed to depart Earth orbit. In addition to the orbiters, two 3MP lander missions,Mars 6 andMars 7, were launched during the 1973 window.
Mars 4 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket, a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/23.[3] The launch occurred at 19:30:59 UTC on 21 July 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into alow Earthparking orbit before the Blok D fired to propel Mars 4 into heliocentric orbit bound for Mars.
Shortly after performing a course correction on 30 July 1973, two onboard computers failed, leaving Mars 4 unable to perform maneuvers. As a result of this, it was unable to enter orbit around Mars. Twelve photographs were taken on 10 February 1974 from 15:32 UTC to 15:38 UTC as the probe flew past Mars with a closest approach of 1,844 kilometres (1,146 mi) at 15:34 UTC.[7]
Mars 4 orbiter carried 15 scientific instruments on board to study Mars from orbital trajectory[6]
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