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Maronite politics (Arabic:المارونية السياسية), also translated aspolitical Maronism, is a form ofidentity politics used inLebanon that refers toSectarian ideals ofMaronite politicians, as well as the period where Maronites were the main political actors in negotiations withFrance for political autonomy.[1]
In 1920, Maronites played a key role in the establishment ofGreater Lebanon by the French Mandate.[2] They were the largest sect at the time, and were appointed to the main political offices; thePresident, thePrime Minister and theSpeaker. TheNational Pact of 1943 dedicated their right to hold the presidency.[3]
Maronites are usually associated withPhoenicianism andLebanese nationalism, which are ideologies that reject the Arab identity of Lebanon and the Lebanese people, claiming that they are descended fromPhoenicians, an ancient civilization that lived on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean.[4][5]
| Party | Leader | Alliance | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lebanese Forces القوات اللبنانية al-Quwwāt al-Lubnānīyah | LF | Samir Geagea | March 14 | The Lebanese Forces is a Christian-based political party andformer militia during theLebanese Civil War. It currently holds 19 of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament and is therefore the largest party in parliament. It was a major Christian player during the civil war while it controlled its ownMaronite canton (Marounistan) north of the country. | |
| Free Patriotic Movement التيار الوطني الحرّ at-Tayyār al-Waṭanī al-Horr | FPM | Gebran Bassil | March 8 | The Free Patriotic Movement is Maronite-based political party which follows the agenda of former presidentMichel Aoun. It currently holds 17 seats of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament. The party has large support in Christian districts likeBatroun andJezzine. | |
| Kataeb Party (Phalanges) حزب الكتائب اللبنانية Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnānīya | Kataeb | Samy Gemayel | March 14 | ThePhalange Party is a Christian-based political party of Maronite majority and former militia. it currently holds 4 of the 128 seats in parliament, all of which are Maronite Christian.As a militia, it played a pivotal role during theLebanese Civil War as it controlled its ownMaronite canton (Marounistan) as part of theLebanese Front. The party is also led by theGemayel family, a notable Maronite family based in the regions ofAchrafieh andMetn which carries the legacy ofPierre andBashir Gemayel. | |
| Marada Movement تيار المردة Tayyār al-Marada | MM | Suleiman Frangieh | March 8 | The Marada Movement is a formermilitia active during theLebanese Civil War named after the legendary Marada (also calledMardaites) warriors of the earlyMiddle Ages that fought on the external edge of theByzantine Empire. The party holds 2 of the 128 seats in parliament and is popular in the districts ofZgharta andKoura. The party was founded and led by theFrangieh family who claim descendance from the Franks.[6] | |
| National Liberal Party حزب الوطنيين الأحرارḤizb al-Waṭaniyyīn al-Aḥrār | NLP | Camille Dory Chamoun | March 14 | The NLP is a party that is Maronite-based led by theChamoun family. It currently holds 1 seat of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament. The party has large amounts of support from Christians inChouf andBaabda. | |
| Independence Movement حركة الاستقلالHarakat Al-Istiklal | IM | Michel Moawad | March 14 | TheIndependence Movement is a sovereigntist, reformist and secular centre-right political party based inZgharta,Lebanon, founded in 2006 byMichel René Moawad, son of the assassinated Lebanese PresidentPresident René Moawad and first ladyNayla Moawad; a former Member of the Lebanese Parliament.[7] It held 3 seats in the2005 Lebanese general election, and currently holds 1 seat in the Lebanese Parliament. | |
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