Marko Ristić | |
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| Born | (1902-06-20)20 June 1902 |
| Died | 20 July 1984(1984-07-20) (aged 82) Belgrade,SR Serbia,SFR Yugoslavia |
| Occupation | Writer, diplomat |
| Period | 20th century |
| Genre | Poetry, essay, literary criticism |
| Literary movement | Surrealism |
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Marko Ristić (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Ристић; 20 June 1902 – 20 July 1984) was aSerbiansurrealist poet, writer, publicist and ambassador.
Marko Ristić was born on 20 June 1902 inBelgrade. He studied in Belgrade,Kruševac andSwitzerland before graduating inPhilosophy from theUniversity of BelgradeFaculty of Philosophy.[1][2]
In 1922, he started the literary magazinePutevi (Ways) withMilan Dedinac and Dušan Timotijević. His first literary textPraštanje (Forgiveness) was printed in the second issue. In the summer of 1924, Ristić collaborated withMiloš Crnjanski to publish three new issues ofPutevi.[2] The magazine featuredDušan Matić's articles onpsychoanalysis,André Breton's proto-Surrealist essays and experimental poetry.[3]
In the early 1920sDušan Matić was studying inParis where he monitoredDadaist events. From there, he sent Ristić copies of the magazineLittérature published by Breton.[4]
Ristić started corresponding with Breton in 1923, leading to the publication Breton's firstSurrealist Manifesto inSvedočanstva (Testimonies), a new literary magazine Ristić had started in late November 1924 with Dušan Matić,Milan Dedinac, Aleksandar Vučo and Mladen Dimitrijević following his falling out withPutevi.[2] In addition to a translation of theSurrealist Manifesto, the first issue ofSvedočanstva included news about the founding of theBureau of Surrealist Research, published in Belgrade ten days before being officially announced in the publicationLa Révolution surréaliste.[3]
He visited Paris in 1926-1927 where he spent time with Breton and the Surrealist circle and got to see their works in Breton's flat.[5] After spending several months in Paris, Ristić wroteBez mere (Without a Measure).[2] Written in Paris and Belgrade and published contemporaneously with Breton'sNadja, Ristić's novel was probably the product of an exchange of influences. However, Ristić dwells more thoroughly on the manifesto-like message of the novel, contemplating the ethics of "Surrealist revolution".[6]
From 1928 to 1929, Ristić published literary criticism inPolitika. In early 1930, he was a founder of the Belgrade Surrealist group and edited the Surrealist almanachNemoguće- L'Impossible. He wrote the declarationPozicija nadrealizma (The Position of Surrealism) with Dušan Matić, which was signed by eleven local Surrealists (Vane Bor,Aleksandar Vučo,Koča Popović, Milan Dedinac,Radojica Živanović Noe,Oskar Davičo,Đorđe Kostić,Risto Ratković,Mladen Dimitrijević,Đorđe Jovanović,Petar Popović) and was banned.[2]
In the magazineDanas (Today), started byMiroslav Krleža andMilan Bogdanović in 1934, Ristić published several articles, including his essayMoralni i socijalni smisao Poezije (The Moral and Social Meaning of Poetry) where he outlines his view on the revolutionary and moral nature of true poetry. In 1938, he published the confiscatedTurpituda, illustrated byKrsto Hegedušić. He started the literary magazinePečat (Seal) in 1939 with Miroslav Krleža, Krsto Hegedušić, Vaso Bogdanov andZvonimir Richtmann.[2]
In 1939, Ristić was denounced byJosip Broz Tito as "intimate friend of the ParisTrotskyist and bourgeois degenerate personBreton" and for his goal of wanting to "enrich and complement"Marxism with Surrealism.[7]
From the beginning of World War II, Ristić lived inVrnjačka Banja. He was arrested by theSpecial Police in November 1942 and taken toKruševac. During WWII, Ristić kept a diary which was later the basis for his memoir "at the margin of war",Hacer Tiempo, in 1964.[2]
Immediately after theBelgrade Offensive, Ristić wrote several political articles, the first of which wasSmrt fašizmu – sloboda narodu! (Death to fascism, freedom to the people) published on 3 November 1944 inPolitika.[2]
In August 1945, Ristić became the Yugoslav ambassador toFrance, where he served for five and a half years.[2]
After returning to Yugoslavia, Ristić was a major figure in the cultural scene. He participated in the reformed magazineSvedočanstva, as well as the Belgrade-basedDelo (Labour). He became president of the Foreign Cultural Relations Commission, and later the Yugoslav National Commission toUNESCO. From April 1962, Ristić was a regular contributor to the Zagreb-based magazineForum, where he published fragments of his WWII-era diary titledNa rubu rata (At the Margin of War) and the collection of essaysNaknadni dnevnik 12C (Late Diary 12C), written inParis.[2]
Ristić died on 20 July 1984 in Belgrade.
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