Marilyn Manson is an Americanrock band formed by namesake lead singerMarilyn Manson and guitaristDaisy Berkowitz inFort Lauderdale, Florida, in 1989. Originally namedMarilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids, they gained a localcult following inSouth Florida in the early 1990s with their theatrical live performances. In 1993, they were the first act signed toTrent Reznor'sNothing Records label. Until 1996, the name of each member was created by combining the first name of a femalesex symbol and the last name of a male serialkiller—for example,Marilyn Monroe andCharles Manson. Their lineup has changed between many of their album releases; the eponymous lead singer is the only remaining original member.
In the past, band members dressed in outlandish makeup and costumes, and engaged in intentionallyshocking behavior both onstage and off. Their lyrics often received criticism for their anti-religious sentiment and references to sex, violence and drugs, while their live performances were frequently called offensive andobscene. On several occasions, protests and petitions led to the group being blocked from performing, with at least three US states passing legislation banning the group from performing atstate-owned venues. They released a number ofplatinum-selling albums, includingAntichrist Superstar (1996) andMechanical Animals (1998). These albums, along with their highly stylized music videos and worldwide touring, brought public recognition to Marilyn Manson. In 1999, news media, infamously, falselyblamed the band for influencingthe perpetrators of theColumbine High School massacre.
As this controversy began to wane throughout the 2000s, so did the band's mainstream popularity. Despite this, Jon Wiederhorn ofMTV, in June 2003, referred to Marilyn Manson as "the only true artist today".[1] Marilyn Manson is widely regarded as being one of the most iconic and controversial figures in rock music, with the band and its lead singer influencing numerous other groups and musicians, both in metal-associated acts and also in wider popular culture.VH1 ranked Marilyn Manson as the seventy-eighth best rock band on their100 Great Artists of Hard Rock. They were inducted into theKerrang! Hall of Fame in 2000 and have been nominated for fourGrammy Awards. In the U.S., the band has seen ten of its releases debut in the top ten, including two number-one albums. Marilyn Manson have sold in excess of 50 million records worldwide.
In 1989, Brian Warner was a college student working towards a degree injournalism atBroward College, gaining experience by writing music articles for theSouth Florida lifestyle magazine25th Parallel.[2][3] It was in this capacity that he met several of the musicians to whom his own band would later be compared, includingMy Life with the Thrill Kill Kult andTrent Reznor ofNine Inch Nails.[4] That December, he metScott Putesky, who proposed the two form a band, after reading some lyrics and poems written by Warner.[5][6] Warner, guitarist Putesky and bassist Brian Tutunick recorded their first demo tape as Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids in 1990, taking on the stage names ofMarilyn Manson,Daisy Berkowitz andOlivia Newton Bundy, respectively.[7][8] Bundy left the band soon after, and was replaced byGidget Gein, born Brad Stewart.[9] They were later joined on keyboard by Stephen Bier, who called himselfMadonna Wayne Gacy.[10][11] In 1991, drummer Fred Streithorst joined the band under the nameSara Lee Lucas.[12][13]
The stage names adopted by each member were representative of a concept the band considered central: thedichotomy ofgood and evil, and the existence of both, together, in every whole. "Marilyn Monroe had a dark side", explained Manson in his autobiography, "just asCharles Manson has a good, intelligent side."[14] Over the next six years, all of the band's members would adopt names that combined the first name of a femalesex symbol and the surname of aserial killer.[15] Images of both Monroe and Manson, as well as of other famous and infamous figures, were common in the band's early promotional materials.[14]
The Spooky Kids' popularity in the area grew quickly[16] and because of the band's highly visual concerts, which drew fromperformance art and used manyshock techniques such as "naked women nailed to a cross, a child in a cage, or bloody animal body parts."[17] Band members variously performed in women's clothing or bizarre costumes; and, for lack of a professionalpyrotechnician, would set their own stage props on fire.[16] The band would contrast these theatrics with elements drawn from their youth: characters from 1970s and '80s children's television made regular, often grotesquely altered, appearances on band flyers and newsletters, and were frequentlysampled in their music.[18] They continued to perform and release cassettes – shortening their name to Marilyn Manson in 1992 – until the summer of 1993, when they drew the attention of Reznor, who had just founded his own label,Nothing Records.[19]
Portrait of an American Family andSmells Like Children (1993–1995)
Left to right: Twiggy, Gacy and Manson performing at the "A Night of Nothing" industry showcase, 1995
Reznor offered the band a contract with the label, as well as an opening slot supporting Nine Inch Nails on their upcoming "Self Destruct Tour".[20][19] After accepting both offers, recording sessions for their debut studio album began in July 1993 withSwans producerRoli Mosimann atCriteria Studios inMiami, Florida. Recording a selection of new songs along with material from their Spooky Kids repertoire, the first version of their debut, titledThe Manson Family Album, was completed by the end of the month. However, it was not well received.[21] The band's members, along with Reznor, criticized Mosimann's production as being flat, lifeless and poorly representative of the band's live performances.[22] At the same time, Gidget Gein had begun to lose control of his addiction to heroin.[21] Before reworking the album, the band played two shows in Florida under the name Mrs. Scabtree. This band featured Manson on drums, Gacy on keyboard, Berkowitz on guitar, andJessicka fromJack Off Jill sharing vocal duties withJeordie White of Coral Springsthrash band Amboog-a-Lard. Four other local musicians, bassists Mark Dubin of Sister Venus and Patrick Joyce from The Itch, guitarist Miles Hie and violinist Mary Karlzen were also involved.[23][24]
Reznor agreed to rework production ofThe Manson Family Album in October 1993 atRecord Plant Studios in Los Angeles. Gein, who had been hospitalized after his fourth heroin overdose, was not invited to participate, and was fired from the band soon after, replaced by White, of Amboog-a-Lard, who undertook the alias Twiggy Ramirez.[9][25][16] After seven weeks of mixing, re-recording and remixing, the album – now titledPortrait of an American Family – was presented to Nothing's parent labelInterscope.[26][21] The album was released on July 19, 1994, and peaked at number thirty-five onBillboard'sTop Heatseekers album chart.[27] The band began its firstnational headlining tour in December 1994, with Jack Off Jill opening.[28] During the band's stint as opening act on the Nine Inch Nails tour, Manson metChurch of Satan founderAnton LaVey. LaVey bestowed the title of "Reverend" on Manson– meaning a person who is revered by the church, and not necessarily one who dedicates their life to preaching the religion to others, as with a priest orminister.[29] Manson would use this title in the liner notes of the band's following album, citing himself as "Reverend Marilyn Manson".[30]
In March 1995, the band began a two-month tour, this time withMonster Voodoo Machine as support.[31] This would be drummer Sara Lee Lucas's last tour with the band.[13] Kenneth Wilson, better known by his stage nameGinger Fish, then joined the group before they embarked on a tour with rock bandDanzig and metal bandKorn.[32] The band then relocated to the new home of Nothing Studios inNew Orleans to begin work on remixes and b-sides forPortrait's third single, "Dope Hat",[33] releasing a music video inspired by the boat ride scene from the 1971 movieWilly Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.[34] The proposed single eventually developed intoSmells Like Children, which included the band's version of theEurythmics' "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)",[35] their first hit; the song's music video was placed in heavy rotation onMTV,[36] in stark contrast with the "Dope Hat" video, which the same channel had banished to late-night airplay only a few months prior.[37]
The band's second studio album,Antichrist Superstar, was released on October 8, 1996. It was recorded atNothing Studios with Reznor, Manson,Sean Beavan and formerSkinny Puppy member and longtime producerDave Ogilvie sharing co-production duties; members of both Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails took part in its recording.[39] The process of making the album was a long and difficult one, highlighted by experiments involvingsleep deprivation and near-constant drug use, in an effort to create a violent and hostile environment suited to the album's content. During this time, antagonism between band members was high. Daisy Berkowitz, the band's founding guitarist, departed the band partway through the album's recording process, with Twiggy performing much of the album's guitar work.[40] Timothy Linton responded to an advert seeking Berkowitz's replacement. He would form a close relationship with Madonna Wayne Gacy, who was responsible for the inclusion of one of the major sources of inspiration for the album:Kabbalah. Breaking with the six-year tradition of naming band members after female icons and serial killers,Zim Zum was chosen as Linton's stage name. It was derived from theLurianic Kabbalah concept ofTzimtzum.[41] "The Beautiful People" was released as the album's lead single. It created enough anticipation forAntichrist Superstar that the album debuted at number three on theBillboard 200[42] with first-week sales of 132,000 copies.[43] Manson also appeared on the cover ofRolling Stone, who awarded the band their 'Best New Artist' accolade in 1997.[42] The year-long "Dead to the World Tour" followed, which was the band's longest and widest-ranging tour yet. In the US, however, the band was receiving more attention than ever before, and not all of it was positive. As the tour was getting underway, the band found itself the target ofbipartisancongressional hearings, led byconservativeviolent entertainment watchdog group Empower America (now known asFreedomWorks) co-directorsRepublicanSecretary of EducationWilliam Bennett andDemocraticU.S. SenatorJoseph Lieberman, to determine the effects, if any, of violent lyrics on young listeners.[44][45] In addition, nearly every performance of the tour was picketed by religious organizations.[46]
The band released the second part of their triptych,Mechanical Animals, on September 15, 1998.[51] Co-produced by the band's lead singer withSean Beavan andMichael Beinhorn,[52] the album moved away from theindustrial rock production of its predecessor and was strongly influenced by 1970sglam rock, particularlyDavid Bowie's 1974 albumDiamond Dogs.[53]Billy Corgan served as an unofficial consultant to the band during the early development of the album. After playing a few songs for him, Corgan advised them that "This is definitely the right direction" but to "go all the way with it. Don't just hint at it", referring to its inclusion of glam influences.[49] To suit their new musical style, the band also recast itself as a glam rock outfit, setting aside the "rotting-corpse chic" of the previous era[49] in favor of attire more suited to the genre, incorporating leather,platform boots and brightly dyed hair.[49] The band also relocated from New Orleans toLos Angeles,[49] while Zim Zum was replaced by guitarist John Lowery of2wo,[54] whose stage name, John 5, was given to him by Manson during their first lunch meeting.[55][56]
After a brief promotional campaign, the band set out on the "Beautiful Monsters Tour" withHole.[64] The tour would be a problematic one,[65] and was marred by frequent on–and–off stage exchanges between Manson and Hole vocalistCourtney Love.[66] Private disputes also arose over the tour's financial arrangements, with Hole unwittingly financing most of Manson's production costs, which were disproportionately high relative to Hole's.[67] The tour was to include thirty-seven shows spanning over a two-month period,[64] although Hole left after taking part in just nine of the scheduled dates. A broken ankle from Manson also forced the postponement of the next two shows,[66] with the remainder of the tour being renamed "Rock Is Dead" and Jack Off Jill andNashville Pussy taking over select opening slots.[68]
The final four dates of the tour were canceled out of respect for the victims of theColumbine High School massacre.[69][70] The latter half of 1999 and much of 2000 was a period of relative silence for the band, who refused to take part in interviews and retreated from public life.[71] They shelved plans for a proposed single and music video for their cover ofAC/DC's "Highway to Hell", which appeared on thesoundtrack toDetroit Rock City.[72] They spent this period writing and recording in a secluded studio inDeath Valley,[73][74] with only the live albumThe Last Tour on Earth appearing during this time.[75] A studio outtake fromAntichrist Superstar, titled "Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes", served as its only single.[76]
Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) (2000–2001)
1999 was a pivotal year—as was 1969, the year of my birth. The two years share many similarities.Woodstock '99 became anAltamont of its own. Columbine became theManson murders of our generation. Things happened that could've made me want to stop making music. Instead, I decided to come out and really punish everyone for daring to fuck with me. I've got a big fight ahead of me on this one. And I want every bit of it.
Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) was released on November 11, 2000.[78] Produced by the band's lead singer withDave Sardy, the album also features programming and pre-production editing byBon Harris ofNitzer Ebb.[79] The band wrote over 100 songs for the album,[79] which was a return to the darker, more abrasive sound ofAntichrist Superstar. Much of its content was written in response to the Columbine massacre,[80] with the album's third single, "The Nobodies", directly referring to the shootings.[81] Described by the band's frontman as the third part of a trilogy which began withAntichrist Superstar and continued inMechanical Animals,[82] its overarching theme is an exploration of the relationship between death and fame in American culture, and its lyrics and artwork contain many references toJohn F. Kennedy andLee Harvey Oswald,John Lennon andMark David Chapman, andAbraham Lincoln andJohn Wilkes Booth.[83] The "Guns, God and Government Tour" elaborated onHoly Wood's central theme, and with its logo – a rifle and handguns arranged to resemble theChristian cross – Manson made no attempt to conceal what he saw as the source of that fascination.[84]
The band also revealed that within their concept album trilogy,[85]Holy Wood serves as prequel toMechanical Animals andAntichrist Superstar despite the latter two precedingHoly Wood in release date.[86] Each album contains its own distinct storyline, which can be linked together to create a larger overarching storyline encompassing all three.[86] Manson has offered this much in the way of an interpretation: "[Holy Wood is about] wanting to fit into a world that didn't want me, and fighting really hard to get there. [The album's deepest elements] are idealism and the desire to start a revolution. If you begin withHoly Wood, thenMechanical Animals really talks about how that revolution gets taken away from you and turned into a product, and thenAntichrist Superstar is where you're given a choice to decide if you're going to be controlled by the power that you created or if you want to destroy yourself and then start over. It just becomes a cycle."[85]
The band initially declined to join the2001 lineup ofOzzy Osbourne'sOzzfest, as its June 21 date inDenver would mark their first appearance inColorado since the Columbine massacre.[87] After the band announced on their website that they would perform in Denver, they were protested by religious groups. The band planned to "balance out" their "violent lyrics" by quoting biblical texts, "so we can examine the virtues of wonderful Christian stories of disease, murder, adultery, suicide and child sacrifice."[88][89] The tour was documented by aDVD ofthe same name, which was released on October 29, 2002. In addition to a compilation style concert [songs from multiple individual shows edited together to appear as a single performance], it includes a thirty-minute short film titled "The Death Parade".[90] This was followed byGuns, God and Government – Live in LA in 2009, which depicts their performance of January 13, 2001, at Los Angeles'sGrand Olympic Auditorium in its entirety.[91]
Earlier in 2001, the band released a cover ofGloria Jones's "Tainted Love" on thesoundtrack toNot Another Teen Movie.[92] The song became the band's biggest international hit yet, peaking at number one in numerous European territories.[93] In 2002,Jonathan Davis of Korn invited Marilyn Manson to record vocals on a track titled "Redeemer", which was released on hissoundtrack toQueen of the Damned.[94] Manson also appeared inMichael Moore's 2002 documentary,Bowling for Columbine; his appearance was filmed on the same day as their Denver Ozzfest performance. When Moore asked what Manson would have said to the students at Columbine, he replied, "I wouldn't say a single word to them. I would listen to what they have to say, and that's what no one did."[95]
The Golden Age of Grotesque andLest We Forget (2002–2006)
With the "triptych" of previous albums complete, the band was free to begin a fresh project.[96] In 2002, Manson created an original score for theResident Evil film with formerKMFDM multi-instrumentalistTim Skold.[97] Soon after, Skold became an official band member when Twiggy Ramirez amicably left the group, citing creative differences.[98] After finding inspiration through Manson's girlfriendDita Von Teese in theswing andburlesque movements of1920s Berlin,[99] the band recordedThe Golden Age of Grotesque, which was released on May 13, 2003, and debuted atop theBillboard 200 album chart, selling over 118,000 copies on its first week.[43] It was also an international success, particularly in Europe, where it sold over 400,000 copies on its first week,[100] and topping various national record charts, as well asBillboard'sEuropean Albums Chart.[101] The album also appeared on several critics' year-end lists,[19] and won a 2003Metal Edge Readers' Choice Award for "Album of the Year".[102]
Eschewing the lyrical depth and symbolism found onHoly Wood, the album was relatively straightforward: in an extended metaphor, Manson compares his own often-criticized work to theEntartete Kunst banned by theNazi regime.[103] Lyrically, Manson utilizes thenarrative mode of stream of consciousness throughout the album to examine the humanpsyche in times of crisis, specifically focusing on the mindset oflunatics and children, as, according to Manson, "they don't follow the rules [of society]."[104] Several songs incorporate elements commonly found inplayground chants andnursery rhymes, which Manson would "pervert into something ugly and lurid."[104] The work ofKurt Weill was also noted as an influence, along with thelucid dreams the singer was having during its production, with Manson explaining that he would "wake up and say, 'I want to write a song that sounds like a stampeding elephant,' or 'I want to write a song that sounds like a burning piano.'"[104][105]
Manson began his long-term collaboration with Austrian-Irish artistGottfried Helnwein, working together on several multi-media projects associated with the album, including the exhibitions andinstallation art projects featured at the album's launch party at The Key Club in Los Angeles, the album artwork, the music video to lead single "mOBSCENE", as well as the artwork which accompanied Manson's essay forThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum.[106][107] Limited edition copies of the album included a DVD titledDoppelherz (Double-heart), a 25-minutesurrealist short film directed by Manson which featured art direction by Helnwein.[108] Another world tour followed, "Grotesk Burlesk", which furthered the album'sWeimar Republic-inspired theme by adding Helnwein-created stage dressing and elements of GermanKabarett to the group's performances.[107] Manson and the band members began appearing both on-and off-stage in designer suits created byJean-Paul Gaultier.[109]
Lest We Forget: The Best Of was released on September 28, 2004, and was referred to by Manson as a "farewell" compilation.[110] It was the last album released under Nothing Records, as the label was dissolved following a lawsuit filed by Reznor against his former manager and business partner,John Malm.[111] The compilation was supported by the "Against All Gods Tour",[112] as well as a single–a cover ofDepeche Mode's "Personal Jesus".[113] It was the first and only tour to featureMark Chaussee of Rob Halford'sFight on lead guitar,[114] replacing John 5, whose relationship with Manson had soured over the previous year.[115] Former Nine Inch Nails drummerChris Vrenna also replaced Ginger Fish, who fractured his wrist, skull and cheekbone after falling several feet off his drum riser during a performance at a German awards ceremony.[116][117]
Skold and Manson during the "Rape of the World Tour"
By late 2005, the band had composed 18 new songs, but work on their sixth studio album was halted when Manson focused his attention on various film and art projects, including the development of his screenplay,Phantasmagoria: The Visions of Lewis Carroll, as well as a minor role in theLucy Liu movieRise: Blood Hunter.[118] He also launched a self-proclaimed art movement, the Celebritarian Corporation, which included artist Gottfried Helnwein, fashion designerSteven Klein and director Anthony Silva,[119] as well as announcing plans to open an art gallery and publish a book of his paintings.[120] It was after opening the Celebritarian Corporation Gallery Of Fine Art onMelrose Avenue in 2006 that work started on new material, with Manson writing lyrics over Skold's already existing compositions.[121]
The resulting material wascomposed and recorded entirely by Skold, and does not feature writing or performance contributions from any other member of the band.[122] Its content is largely inspired by personal troubles relating to Manson's failed marriage to Von Teese, and his burgeoning relationship with then-19-year old actressEvan Rachel Wood.[121] The band made their debut appearance onThe Tonight Show with Jay Leno on October 31, 2006, performing their cover of "This Is Halloween" from a deluxe edition re-release ofThe Nightmare Before Christmas soundtrack.[123] This would be their last performance featuring longtime keyboardist Madonna Wayne Gacy,[124][125] who would go on to file a $20m lawsuit against the band the following year for unpaid "partnership proceeds".[126]
The album was preceded by the release of a single, "Heart-Shaped Glasses (When the Heart Guides the Hand)", whose music video was shot using directorJames Cameron's3DFusion Camera System technology.[127] The video caused controversy upon release, with several sources claiming that it featured genuine footage of Manson and Wood engaged in sexual intercourse.[127][128][129][130] Wood was reportedly paid "the highest [music] video salary in history" to appear in the video.[131]Eat Me, Drink Me was released on June 5, 2007,[132] and entered theBillboard 200 at number eight with first week sales of 88,000 copies.[133] It also peaked in the top ten of most major international album charts, as well as at number two onBillboard's European Albums Chart.[134] "Putting Holes in Happiness" was released as the album's second single.[135]
To promote the album, the band embarked on the nine-month "Rape of the World Tour", which featured Skold on lead guitar,[136] formerThe Prodigy bassistRob Holliday[137] and longtime drummer Ginger Fish; while Vrenna rejoined the band as their live keyboardist.[138] The first leg of the tour was a co-headlining set with Americanthrash metal bandSlayer, with support coming fromBleeding Through.[139][140] In November 2007, Manson confirmed that he and Skold had begun work on the band's next studio album, with Slayer'sKerry King, formerThe Smashing Pumpkins guitaristJames Iha and Nick Zinner of Yeah Yeah Yeahs set to feature.[141] By the beginning of 2008, however, Twiggy Ramirez had rejoined the band as bassist, resulting in the exit of Skold, with Holliday moving from bass to lead guitar for the remaining duration of the tour.[142] Future collaborations with Skold were not ruled out.[143]
In 2008, formerLimp Bizkit guitaristWes Borland joined the band for their headlining show at the 2008ETP Fest in South Korea.[144] However, Borland left the group to reunite with Limp Bizkit, later saying that he was reluctant to be a "hired gun", citing the band's refusal to record any of the nine songs he submitted for their upcoming album.[145]R&B singerNe-Yo claimed in early December that he would hold writing sessions with the band's frontman on new material,[146] although Manson denied it,[147] saying that he had "never even met Ne-Yo. I can assure him that he would not want to be associated with something this godless."[148]
The High End of Low was recorded throughout 2008, with Manson recording vocals at hisHollywood Hills home studio[149] between November and January 5, 2009.[150] Produced by Manson, Twiggy and Vrenna withAntichrist Superstar andMechanical Animals co-producer Sean Beavan,[151][152] Manson described the album as containing "extreme" autobiographical content relating to the dissolution of his engagement to Wood,[149][150] and as being "very ruthless, heavy and violent".[153] Its fifteen songs appear on the album in the order they were written.[150] The penultimate track, "Into the Fire", portrays the vocalist's mental state on Christmas Day, wherein he attempted to contact Wood 158 times, cutting himself with a razorblade on the face or hands for each corresponding attempt.[154] The album's final song, "15", was completed on Manson's January 5 birthday – hence the name.[150] Manson utilized his entire home as a canvas to document the disintegration of the relationship, writing its lyrics on walls and coupling them with paintings and drawings relating to Wood, as well as used condoms, bags of cocaine and other drug paraphernalia.[151]
"We're from America" was released as a free download on the band's website on March 27, 2009,[155] while aHot Topic-exclusive CD single followed two weeks later.[156] After playing aninstrumental version of "Arma-goddamn-motherfuckin-geddon" to Interscope'sA&R department, it was chosen as the album's official lead single, with an employee telling Manson, "This is gonna be a hit!". Manson then quipped to the employee, "Well, I'm glad that you have no consideration for what I [might] put on top of it."[157] A heavily censored version of the profanity-laced track – re-titled to "Arma ... geddon"[158] – was serviced to radio from April 13,[155] and peaked at number thirty-seven onBillboard's Mainstream Rock chart, becoming their lowest-peaking single in the process.[59] The album was released on May 20, 2009 and debuted at number four on theBillboard 200 with sales of over 49,000 copies, their lowest opening week figure sinceThe Last Tour on Earth debuted with 26,000 copies in 1999.[159]
Prior toThe High End of Low's release, Manson made a series of disparaging comments regarding Interscope and its artistic censorship; as well as its then-CEOJimmy Iovine, who Manson said "wasn't smart enough to understand what [we] do",[160] and publicly claiming that the label "cares more aboutVitamin Water [theprivate equity venture of Interscope-signed50 Cent][161] than music."[162] Reznor – who, as of 2015, remains friends with Iovine[163] – responded by calling Manson a "dopey clown" and claiming that "He is a malicious guy and will step on anybody's face to succeed and cross any line of decency."[164] While promoting the album in the UK, Manson appeared inebriated in a series of interviews.[165][166] An interview forAlan Carr: Chatty Man recorded during this time remains unaired,[167] due to graphic language and content.[168] A music video for "Running to the Edge of the World" – in which Manson beats a Wood lookalike to death – was released on November 4 and was condemned as a perceived glorification of violence against women.[169][170] The band parted ways with Interscope on December 3.[171] They settled the lawsuit filed by former keyboardist Stephen Bier (aka M.W. Gacy), with Manson's insurance company paying Bier'sattorney's fees and Bier receiving nomonetary value.[172][173][174]
Upon parting with Interscope, Manson said "a lot of the creative control on which my hands were tied [has been regained]", while stating that the band had been writing new material while touring their previous album.[175] Manson attested that its lyrical content would be "more romantic" yet "self-abusive",[175] and described its sonic elements as being "suicide death metal".[176]Fred Sablan joined the band in July 2010.[177] By October, Twiggy described the album as being "almost done", and opined that "It's our best record yet. I mean, everyone always says that, but I think this is our best work so far. It's kind of like a little more of apunk rockMechanical Animals, without sounding too pretentious."[178] The following month, it was announced that the band had signed a joint-venture deal with London-basedindie labelCooking Vinyl.[178] As part of the deal, the band would retain creative control over their artistic direction,[179] with the band and label sharing profits equally after the label recoups costs associated with marketing, promotion and distribution.[180]
For much of 2011, Manson removed himself from the public spotlight and ceased almost all communication with fans,[181] only taking a break from his self-imposed sequestration to appear in the music video for "Tempat Ku" byBrunei rock bandD'Hask.[182] On February 24, longtime drummer Ginger Fish announced his resignation from the group.[183] On May 22, their website underwent a complete overhaul. A 26-second clip of an unreleased song, tentatively titled "I am among no one", was uploaded to theirVimeo account, along with a new logo.[184]
After being impressed by his directorial work on one ofKid Cudi's music videos,[185] Manson employed actorShia LaBeouf to direct a short film entitledBorn Villain.[186] Contrary to media reports that the project would be a "making-of" video documenting the album's recording,[187][188]Born Villain was a surrealist short[189] featuring a previously unreleased track, "Overneath the Path of Misery". Containing numerous references toMacbeth,[190] it was inspired by Jodorowsky'sThe Holy Mountain[185] andLuis Buñuel andSalvador Dalí's 1929 silent filmUn Chien Andalou.[190] To promote the project, LaBeouf and his girlfriend, photographer Karolyn Pho, graffitied areas of LA with its artwork. LaBeouf and Pho later photographed their work, and released it as a limited edition book titledCampaign, which was bundled with a DVD of the film.[190][191] In November, Vrenna departed the band to focus on other production work, whilst indicating that production of their eighth studio album was "largely completed".[192]
The album was preceded by the release of "No Reflection", which Manson leaked toKROQ-FM on March 7, 2012.[193] Cooking Vinyl CEOMartin Goldschmidt called the leak a "masterstroke", saying "we had all these exclusives lined up around the world, and then Manson blew them all. We're already getting more radio play than the whole of the last record."[194] The song went on to peak at number twenty-six on the Mainstream Rock chart, spending fourteen weeks on the chart, and was their best-performing single there since "Personal Jesus" in 2004.[59]Born Villain was released worldwide from April 25,[193] debuting at number ten on theBillboard 200 and atop both theIndependent Albums and Top Hard Rock Albums charts.[195] The album spent two weeks at number one on theUK Rock Albums Chart.[196] A remix EP for "Slo-Mo-Tion" followed on November 5.[197] The band embarked on the seventeen-month "Hey Cruel World... Tour" from the end of April,[198] which was interspersed by co-headlining tours withRob Zombie ("Twins of Evil") andAlice Cooper ("Masters of Madness").[199][200]
In August 2012, it was announced that Manson would play a fictionalized version of himself in a four-episodearc of the sixth season of TV seriesCalifornication.[201] While filming its season finale at theGreek Theatre in LA,[202] Manson met the series' composer,Tyler Bates, and the two discussed a potential collaboration.[203] Manson confirmed that production started on new material by May 2013.[204] Four months later, Sablan announced that he had left the group.[205]
One track from the album, "Cupid Carries a Gun"[206] was used as the opening theme toSalem from its second episode onwards, which premiered on US television on April 27.[207] In October, a large portion of the album track "Killing Strangers" was predominantly featured[208] in theKeanu Reeves movieJohn Wick.[209] "Third Day of a Seven Day Binge" was released for free download on the band's website on October 26,[210] and served as the album's first official single.[211] The band performed several new songs live for the first time as they played a handful of concerts around southern California in October and early November.[212] "Deep Six" was released on December 16,[213] with a music video following three days later.[214] It went on to peak at number eight onBillboard's Mainstream Rock chart,[215] making it the band's highest-ever peaking single onBillboard.[59] "Cupid Carries a Gun" was released as the album's third official single on January 8, 2015.[216][217]
The Pale Emperor was released on January 15 in the US.[218] It is dedicated to Manson's mother, who died in May 2014 after an eight-year battle withAlzheimer's disease anddementia.[219][220] It was both a critical and commercial success, debuting at number eight on theBillboard 200 with sales of over 51,000 copies,[221] their largest opening-week figure sinceEat Me, Drink Me in 2007.[133][222] Numerous publications referred to it as the band's best album in over a decade.[218][219][223][224] It would go on to appear on several'best of 2015' lists, withRolling Stone dubbing it the 'best metal album' of 2015.[225] Music videos for both "The Mephistopheles of Los Angeles" and "Third Day of a Seven Day Binge" were released in May and July, respectively.[226][227]
While touring with The Smashing Pumpkins, Manson indicated a "strong possibility" of working with Corgan on new material, and also revealed plans to collaborate with Korn frontman Jonathan Davis on a "Southern-sounding, acoustic" project.[237] Manson announced in an interview withKEGL in November that work had begun on the band's tenth studio album, while also confirming that Twiggy, Bates and Sharone would all be involved in its recording.[238]Antichrist Superstar was reissued oncassette exclusively in Europe as part ofRecord Store Day 2016.[239][240] To celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the album's release, Manson indicated that a special edition ofAntichrist Superstar would be issued on October 20,[241] although this failed to materialize. Among its bonus content would have been a previously unreleased film, created during the "Dead to the World Tour".[242]
On July 19, Manson announced that the band's tenth studio album had the working titleSAY10, and predicted a release date ofValentine's Day 2017.[243] In September, Manson confirmed that the band were "putting the finishing touches" on the album, and said: "It's not very much in any way likeThe Pale Emperor. It's pretty violent in its nature for some reason, and it's not emotional in the same way. It's got a chip on its shoulder. I can't wait for people to hear it. I think they're going to be quite surprised."[244] On November 8 – the day of the2016 US presidential election – Manson released a teaser clip of a new music video created alongsideFinal Girl directorTyler Shields. It featured scenes of Manson brandishing a knife while standing over a decapitated corpse. According toThe Daily Beast's Marlow Stern, the decapitated figure is dressed to resembleDonald Trump.[245] Manson would later say that the figure in the video "wasn't anyone except if you wanted it to be them."[246]
The album was not released in February 2017, and instead a long series of cryptic videos were posted to Marilyn Manson's personal Instagram account over the course of just under 2 months, before Manson revealed on May 9 that the album had been namedHeaven Upside Down.[247] The band began theirHeaven Upside Down Tour on July 20, 2017, inBudapest. The first single from the album, "We Know Where You Fucking Live", was released on September 11, with the album due to follow on October 6.[248] A second single, "Kill4Me", was released on September 20.[249] The band's founding guitarist, Daisy Berkowitz, died on October 22, 2017, at the age of 49; he had been diagnosed withStage IV colorectal cancer in 2013.[250] Two days later, Manson announced he had "decided to part ways" with bassist Twiggy, after a rape allegation was made against Twiggy by his former girlfriend,Jack Off Jill vocalistJessicka;[251] for the rest of the tour,Juan Alderete (formerly ofRacer X andThe Mars Volta) joined.[252] In July 2018, Manson embarked on theTwins of Evil: The Second Coming Tour in the US with co-headlinerRob Zombie and special guestDeadly Apples.[253][254]
In March 2019, Manson announced that he was nearly finished recording his next studio album and thatcountry musicianShooter Jennings was involved.[255] Later that year, drummerGil Sharone announced he was leaving the band to pursue "other current and future projects",[256] with formerBlack Flag drummerBrandon Pertzborn hired as his replacement.[257] Manson also revealed that Bates is no longer involved with the group, and that the album would be produced by Jennings and feature contributions from his drummer Jamie Douglass.[258] In July, Manson embarked on theTwins of Evil: Hell Never Dies Tour in the US and Canada with co-headlinerRob Zombie, followed by festivals and headline dates with support fromDeadly Apples.[259] The band released their cover ofThe Doors' "The End" onstreaming music services in November, with a limited edition vinyl scheduled to be issued on March 6, 2020.[260] The song was recorded for the soundtrack to the upcoming miniseriesThe Stand, based onStephen King'snovel of the same name. Manson is set to appear in the miniseries. The band are set to appear as the opening act for Ozzy Osbourne during hisNo More Tours II series, a North American tour beginning in May 2020. However the tour was eventually cancelled along with Manson's performances afterOzzy Osbourne was diagnosed withParkinson's disease.[261]
On January 13, 2020, live bassist Juan Alderete (ex-Racer X) was involved in a bicycle accident which left him with adiffuse axonal injury, a type oftraumatic brain injury. AGoFundMe page has been created to help cover the cost of his medical expenses.[262] On April 29, Manson and Jennings confirmed they had finished work on the band's eleventh studio album, with both calling it a "masterpiece".[263] On July 28, Manson announced that a new single titled "We Are Chaos" would be released the following day.[264] The next day, the track was released alongside the announcement of the band's upcoming eleventh studio album titledWe Are Chaos set for release on September 11, 2020. At the same time, the band revealed the album cover and the track list.[265][266] The album debuted at number eight on theBillboard 200, making it their tenth top ten release on the chart.[267]
In February 2021,Loma Vista Recordings announced they would not promote or participate in the distribution of any future recordings released by the band, following former girlfriendEvan Rachel Wood and various other accusations that the band's vocalistsexually and psychologically abused them.[268] In November 2021, former band memberTim Skold announced he was again working on new material with Marilyn Manson.[269] In May 2023, Marilyn Manson became active again on social media, posting two new pictures and announcing that there's "something new for you to hear".[270]
One Assassination Under God – Chapter 1 (2024–present)
In March 2024, it was announced the band would embark on an arena andamphitheater tour of North America withFive Finger Death Punch.[271] The tour began on August 2, and was interspersed with the band's own headlining shows.[272] The same day the tour began, the band released "As Sick as the Secrets Within", their first new single in four years.[273] This was followed two weeks later by another new song, "Raise the Red Flag".[274] Music videos were released for each song, which were both directed by Bill Yukich.[275][276] "Sacrilegious" was released in September.[277] The band's twelfth studio album,One Assassination Under God – Chapter 1, was released on November 22, 2024.[278] They began their own headline tour of Europe in February 2025,[279] with a U.S. tour scheduled to begin in May.[280]
Although the band's music has often been labeled asshock rock by mainstream media,[221][281][282][283] Manson disputes the use of the label,[284] preferring instead to identify his band's music asrock and roll.[285] The band combinedindustrial, goth, shock rock andmetal into a "creative bricolage".[286]AllMusic'sStephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that the band "draws equally from schlock metal,progressive metal,new wave,goth rock, andindustrial rock".[287] AllMusic also described the band's music as "glam-influencedindustrial metal".[19]The Daily Texan wrote that the band "originally found success during the rise and popularity ofnu metal", but "Manson distanced himself from that movement, preferringalternative metal anguish overcookie monster-soundingraps."[288] According toThe Evolution of Goth Culture, thegoth subculture "resisted this takeover of the goth name by Marilyn Manson and their fans" initially, but the band's music would eventually be identified as being goth rock and industrial metal, even though Manson himself has been reluctant to "pigeonhole" his band as goth or metal.[289]Rolling Stone described the band's music as "heavy, industrialized goth rock",[290] while AllMusic contends that the band merely borrows from gothic rock's imagery.[291]Consequence of Sound wrote that "gothic darkness and industrial rock [pervades] all of" the band's music.[292]Stereogum wrote that "metal has never been an integral part of Manson’s sound" and although the band utilizes "varying degrees [of] gritty, distorted guitar", the magazine suggested that the core of their music was actuallypop music.[293]
From 1996 to his departure in 2002,[294] Twiggy Ramirez was their chief musical contributor, co-writing many of the band's biggest hits with Manson during this period.[295] Despite never receiving a writing credit, drummer Ginger Fish provided substantialpre-production assistance to both Manson and Twiggy while composing demos forAntichrist Superstar. His drums loops and sound effects would go on to be predominantly featured on several tracks, most notably "The Beautiful People".[296] John 5 and Tim Skold were also prevalent composers,[55] whileThe Pale Emperor andHeaven Upside Down were composed entirely by Tyler Bates, who joined the band in 2014.[297] Twiggy introduced Manson and musicianShooter Jennings to each other in 2013. Seven years later, the two wrote, recorded and producedWe Are Chaos together.[298] Bates returned to his role as composer on the following album,One Assassination Under God – Chapter 1.
David Bowie (left) andKiss have heavily influenced Marilyn Manson.
Manson's earliest musical memory was listening toKiss during a family road trip;[324] he has since cited the band as a major influence.[325] As a child, he would imitate Kiss'skabuki-like makeup[326] and draw pictures ofGene Simmons andPeter Criss.[324] The earliest incarnation of the band was conceived by Manson at a Fort Lauderdale[327] nightclub called The Reunion Room in December 1989,[5] where he was introduced toBig Black'sSongs About Fucking by his future keyboardist, Stephen Bier.[328] Daisy Berkowitz played in severalpunk rock outfits before co-founding the Spooky Kids, and was influenced by acts such as theNew York Dolls and theJim Carroll Band, whose "People Who Died" was covered regularly at live shows.[329]
It's clear Manson isn't merely a freak rocker, media manipulator or one-trick pony. The secret to his longevity lies not in his sometimes schlocky image, but in the content of his work. Not only are his songs sonically compelling and his themes fresh and intriguing, but his actions speak louder than his words. His imagery, sounds and theatrics all still have a point, and like all true artists, he continues to wring significant messages from the lining of his contorted innards. Manson doesn't just bleed for his art. He drinks, pukes, fornicates and risks his life for it.
Marilyn Manson have been credited with creating some of the most recognizable and visually defining music videos of theMTV Generation,[348][349] with some commentators suggesting that their music videos played a significant role in the band's commercial success.[350][351] Their work frequently incorporates surrealist iconography and purposefully grotesque imagery,[190][352][353] and their style has been emulated by other performers.[354] Joseph Schafer ofStereogum said in 2015 that "perhaps no single artist has mastered the music video as a medium so well [as Marilyn Manson]."[293] They have received numerous awards and accolades for their work. Three of their videos – "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)", "The Beautiful People" and "The Dope Show" – received a total of fiveMTV Video Music Award nominations, with the latter winning theAward for Best Cinematography at the1999 ceremony.[61] The clip for "The Dope Show" also won two awards at the 1998Billboard Music Video Awards.[60] "The Beautiful People" appeared at number fifty-four onMTV's list of the '100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made'.[355] as well as at number one-hundred onMuchMusic's 100 Greatest Videos Ever.[356] Their 2003 video for "(s)AINT" was referred to byNME as "one of the most explicit music videos ever made",[357] and was included in lists of the 'Most Controversial Music Videos' by bothTime andSF Weekly.[358][359]
The band have received severalKerrang! Awards throughout their career, and were inducted into theKerrang! Hall of Fame in 2000.[360] Manson also received their Icon Award in 2005,[361][362] as well as their Lifetime Achievement Award ten years later.[363] The publication has rankedHoly Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) as the eleventh greatest rock album of the 2000s,[364] and in 2015 they listed Manson as the twenty-eighth greatest rockstar in the world.[365]VH1 included Marilyn Manson at seventy-eight on their list of the '100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock',[366] and also included "The Beautiful People" at number eighty-six on their list of the100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs.[367] Similarly,Gigwise included Manson at number thirty-six in their list of the '60 Greatest Solo Artists of All Time'.[368] In 2016, Manson was presented with an Icon Award at theAlternative Press Music Awards.[369] The band has also received fourGrammy Award nominations, including two forBest Metal Performance, along with nominations forBest Hard Rock Performance andBest Hard Rock/Metal Performance.[62] Marilyn Manson have sold over 50 million records worldwide.[369][370][371][372]
Several commentators have referred to the band's lead singer as being one of the most iconic and controversial figures inheavy metal music,[351][373][374][375] with some going so far as to call him a "pop cultureicon".[376][377][378]Paste magazine said there were "few artists in the 90s as shocking as Marilyn Manson, the most famous of the shock-rockers."[379]Rolling Stone editorLorraine Ali creditedAntichrist Superstar with marking the end of the reign ofgrunge withinpopular music, writing that Marilyn Manson "[offered] totalescapism as a true alternative", elaborating that the album was "a volatile reaction to five years of earnest, post-Nirvana rock."[380] In 2003, Jon Wiederhorn ofMTV called Manson "the only major performer today who can justifiably call himself an artist."[1] Graham Hartmann ofLoudwire said that the band's best songs document "a career that is unlike any other that came before", highlighting their mix of a "rock 'n' roll mentality with profound lyrics narrating the progression of society in real time, Manson has developed a polarizing identity as both a beloved hero and a reviled villain."[381] Hannah Ewers ofThe Guardian wrote in 2016 that the band's music has "never been more relevant [than] at this time of cultural and political turbulence. Whether [his lyrics are addressing]America's gun crime problem, sexual abuse, religioushypocrisy or consumerism, Manson remains a relevant cultural figure rather than a 90s one, because he continues to address the times without lapsing into a parody", and opined: "As long as young people are angry (which they are), he will have listeners."[309]
William Bennett (left) andJoe Lieberman, co-directors of the watchdog group Empower America (now known as FreedomWorks), criticized the band on multiple occasions
In December 1996, Secretary of Education William Bennett, along with U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman and formerPennsylvania Secretary of StateC. DeLores Tucker, held a press conference wherein they questionedMCA – the owner of Interscope – presidentEdgar Bronfman Jr.'s ability to head the label competently whilst profiting from "profanity-laced" albums by artists such asTupac Shakur,Snoop Doggy Dogg and Marilyn Manson.[428] The following November,RepresentativeSam Brownback chaired a hearing of theCommittee on Government Affairs.[429] At this subcommittee, Lieberman once again criticized the band's music, calling it "vile, hateful,nihilistic and damaging", and repeated his request thatSeagram – then-owner of MCA – "start ... disassociating itself from Marilyn Manson." The subcommittee also heard from Raymond Kuntz, ofBurlington, North Dakota, who blamed his son Richard's suicide onAntichrist Superstar—specifically the song "The Reflecting God".[430]
On June 30, 2003, the mutilated body of fourteen-year old schoolgirlJodi Jones was discovered inwoodland near her home inEasthouses, Scotland.[435] The injuries sustained by Jones closely resembled those of actress Elizabeth Short, who was murdered in 1947 and was popularly referred to by media as theBlack Dahlia.[436][437] Jones's boyfriend, then-fifteen year old Luke Mitchell, was arrested on suspicion of her murder ten months later.[438] During a search of his home, detectives confiscated a copy ofThe Golden Age of Grotesque containing the short filmDoppelherz.[439] It was purchased two days after Jones's death.[440] A ten-minute excerpt from the film, as well as several paintings by Manson depicting the Black Dahlia's mutilated body, were presented as evidence during the trial.[439][441][442] Mitchell was found guilty of murder and sentenced to serve a minimum of twenty years in prison.[443]
The band's scheduled appearance at thePark Live Festival in Moscow on June 27, 2014, was canceled moments before they were due to arrive on stage,[444] after authorities received numerous bomb threats, while hundreds of activists affiliated with theRussian Orthodox Church protested outside the venue.[445] The incident culminated in the assault of several members of the band and crew near their hotel.[citation needed] Two days later, a performance inNovosibirsk was also canceled when authorities refused to grant permission for the show to go ahead, accusing Manson of insulting the beliefs of the Orthodox church and of "promotingsadomasochism".[446][447] Later that year, Manson garnered significant media attention when a video depicting the simulated rape ofLana Del Rey was posted onto YouTube by production company Sturmgruppe.[448] The video, titled "Sturmgruppe 2013 Reel", showed simulated footage of film directorEli Roth attacking Del Rey, which was interspersed by unrelated images from two of the band's previous music videos—"No Reflection" and "Slo-Mo-Tion".[449][450][451] Manson's representatives released a statement toBillboard denying any involvement in the production of the rape scenes.[452]
In October 2017, Twiggy Ramirez was accused of sexual assault by ex-girlfriendJessicka Addams during their relationship in the mid-90s.[453] Soon after, Manson announced that he had "decided to part ways" with his longterm bassist.[251] Several days later, Ramirez released a statement which said: "I have only recently been made aware of these allegations from over 20 years ago. I do not condone non-consensual sex of any kind. I will be taking some time to spend with my family and focus on maintaining my several years of sobriety. If I have caused anyone pain, I apologize and truly regret it."[454]
I couldn't care less aboutthose kids' reasoning. What reason do we have to go to war? It's all the same. Killing somebody can't be justified by having a reason. I think it says a lot about the media that those two kids were on the cover ofTime magazine twice, because I'm sure that's everything they wanted. They wanted fame. America sold them the idea that an obituary is just another headline.
On April 20, 1999,Columbine High School studentsEric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed twelve students and a teacher, and wounded twenty-one others before committing suicide.[455] In the days following the massacre, media reports surfaced alleging that they were influenced by violence in entertainment, specifically movies, video games and music.[456] The pair were widely reported as being fans of German bandsKMFDM andRammstein, but the majority ofblame was directed at Marilyn Manson.[81][457]
Five days after the incident, longtime music industry critics Republican former Secretary of Education William Bennett and Democratic U.S. Senator Joseph Lieberman cited the band as a contributing factor to the massacre during an appearance onMeet the Press.[458] Soon after,sensationalist headlines such as "Killers Worshipped Rock Freak Manson" and "Devil-Worshipping Maniac Told Kids To Kill" began appearing in media coverage of the tragedy (such asFox News).[73][459] TheMayor of Denver,Wellington Webb, successfully petitioned promoters to cancelKBPI-FM's annual 'Birthday Bash', at which the band was scheduled to appear.[460]Coloradoan politicians such asGovernorBill Owens andRepublicanRepresentativeTom Tancredo accused Manson of promoting "hate, violence, death, suicide, drug use and the attitudes and actions of the Columbine High School killers."[88] Later reports stated that neither Harris nor Klebold were fans of Marilyn Manson.[461][462] The band canceled the remaining four dates of the Rock Is Dead Tour out of respect for the victims, while maintaining that music, movies, books or video games were not to blame.[69][70]
Eleven days after the massacre, Manson wrote anop-ed piece forRolling Stone, titled "Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?", where he rebuked the ensuing hysteria and "witch hunt", and castigatedUS gun culture, the political influence of theNational Rifle Association of America, and the media's culpability in similarly violent events in the future – through their irresponsible coverage – in facilitating the placement of blame on a scapegoat, instead of informing the populace of genuine societal issues.[463][464]
The controversy connecting the band and school shootings continued on October 10, 2007, following theSuccessTech Academy shooting.[465] After being punched in the face by another student while exiting a bathroom, Asa Coon shot his attacker – Michael Peek – in the abdomen.[466] Armed with two revolvers, he then proceeded down a hallway, where he wounded another student and two teachers by firing into two occupied classrooms, before entering a nearby bathroom and committing suicide.[467] Coon was wearing a black Marilyn Manson T-shirt during the incident.[468][469]
On May 18, 2009, 15-year-old Justin Doucet, a student atLarose Middle School inLafourche Parish, Louisiana, entered the school armed with a.25-caliberAutomatic Colt Pistol.[470] When seventh-grade teacher Jessica Plaisance refused to comply with Doucet's demand to say "Hail Marilyn Manson", he fired two shots, narrowly missing her head, before turning the gun on himself.[471][472] He died from his injuries a week later.[473]
^Lanham, Tom (November 2000). "Marilyn Manson: Absinthe Makes The Heart Grow Fonder".Alternative Press. No. 148. Alternative Press Magazine, Inc. pp. 76–86.
^ab"Die Grotesk Burlesk Tour Von Marilyn Manson" [The Grotesk Burlesk Tour Of Marilyn Manson].Ruhr-Guide.de (in German). Gottfried-Helnwein.at. June 1, 2003.Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. RetrievedMay 1, 2016.
^Hayden, Chaunce (January 30, 2009)."The Return of Shock Rocker Marilyn Manson".Steppin' Out. Larry Collins. pp. 61–63, 86. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. RetrievedMay 14, 2016.
^"Friday Night with Jonathan Ross".Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. Season 4. Episode 11. June 6, 2003. 14 minutes in.BBC.BBC One.Archived from the original on January 23, 2016. RetrievedJune 13, 2016.Ross: How would you describe your band? I've heard the new album and there's so much going on. Do you consider it heavy metal or glam rock or dance – what is it? /Manson: I don't really care for genres. When we first started out, grunge was everywhere. After that, it was the whole industrial thing. Then it wasnu metal. And we've outlasted them all. We're a rock 'n' roll band.
^Paulet, Emma (February 11, 2015)."The Pale Emperor: Marilyn Manson".Perdeby.co.za. Perdeby Newspaper.Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. RetrievedJune 19, 2016.
^Sciarretto, Holly (October 19, 2011)."Skylar Grey: Interview".Gigwise. Giant Digital.Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. RetrievedAugust 30, 2016.
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