Marikina | |
|---|---|
 Seal | |
| Nickname: Shoe Capital of the Philippines | |
| Motto(s): "Discipline, Good Taste, Excellence" | |
| Anthem:Himno ng Marikina (Marikina Hymn) | |
 Map of Metro Manila with Marikina highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
.svg)  Marikina Location within Luzon Show map of Luzon | |
| Coordinates:14°39′N121°06′E / 14.65°N 121.1°E /14.65; 121.1 | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | National Capital Region |
| Province | none |
| District | 1st and 2nd Districts |
| Founded | April 16, 1630 |
| Cityhood and HUC | December 8, 1996 |
| Barangays | 16 (seeBarangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Panlungsod |
| • Mayor | Marcelino R. Teodoro (UNA) |
| • Vice Mayor | Marion S. Andres (UNA) |
| • Representatives |
|
| • City Council | Members
|
| • Electorate | 260,749 voters (2022) |
| Area | |
• Total | 21.52 km2 (8.31 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 48 m (157 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[3] | |
• Total | 456,059 |
| • Density | 21,000/km2 (55,000/sq mi) |
| • Households | 104,415 |
| Demonym(s) | Marikeño Marikeña |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 1st city income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 2.56% (2015)[4] |
| • Revenue | ₱ 3,615 million (2022) |
| • Assets | ₱ 10,313 million (2022) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 3,908 million (2022) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 5,035 million (2022) |
| Service provider | |
| • Electricity | Manila Electric Company (Meralco) |
| • Water | Manila Water |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 1800–1811, 1820 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)02 |
| Native languages | Tagalog |
| Catholic diocese | Diocese of Antipolo |
| Website | www |
Marikina (/mərɪˈkɪnə/), officially theCity of Marikina (Filipino:Lungsod ng Marikina), is ahighly urbanized city in theNational Capital Region of thePhilippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 456,159 people.[3]
Located along the eastern border ofMetro Manila, Marikina is the main gateway of Metro Manila toRizal andQuezon provinces throughMarikina–Infanta Highway. It is bordered on the west byQuezon City, to the south byPasig andCainta, to the north bySan Mateo, and to the east byAntipolo, the capital ofRizal province.
It was founded by theJesuits on the fertile Marikina Valley in 1630 and the area was called Jesus dela Peña (Jesus of the Rocks) and later on calledMariquina.[5] Marikina was the provincial capital of theProvince of Manila under theFirst Philippine Republic from 1898 to 1899 during thePhilippine Revolution.[6] Following the onset ofAmerican occupation it was then organized as a municipality of Rizal Province, prior to the formation of Metro Manila in 1975. Formerly a rural settlement, Marikina is now primarily residential and industrial and has become increasingly commercial in recent years. The City of Marikina is considered one of the wealthiest local government units in the Philippines.[7]
Marikina is known as the "Shoe Capital of the Philippines" owing to its famousshoe industry.[8] It is the biggest manufacturer of shoes in the Philippines, producing almost 70% of shoes made in the country.[9] Located in the city are the Philippine International Footwear Center and theShoe Museum, housing the infamous shoe collection of former First LadyImelda Marcos, wife of the late Filipino president,Ferdinand Marcos.[10]
The city is under the jurisdiction of theRoman Catholic Diocese of Antipolo. It contains theOur Lady of the Abandoned Church, the oldest in the Marikina Valley, built in 1572.
In view of the non-existence of records or documents on how the name Marikina came into being, the following legends were gathered from elder residents of the differentbarrios in Marikina.[11]
According to a local historian named Servando de los Angeles, the first settlers of Marikina are the descendants of Lakan Dula, known as the head of the ruling House of Dula and the pre-hispanic king of the Lakanate of Tondo. It happened when Lakan Dula sent his descendants to far away lands within sea and river routes. The riverbanks of Marikina were then settled by river dwellers or "taga-ilog", these natives were discovered by the Augustinians as they explored along the riverbanks during 1570's. Then during 1630's Jesuits arrived and there is when Christianity spread in Marikina, since the Jesuits have had the ecclesiastical control and supervision over the land.TheAugustinians first to arrived at the valley in the late 16th century, at the spot known as Chorillo inBarangka.[12] In 1572,Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish was established. Next came theJesuits in 1630, in a place now called Jesús de la Peña (Jesus of the Rocks). Here, the Jesuits established a mission and built a chapel still known today asJesús de la Pena Chapel. Fray Pedro de Arce, apostolic ruler of theArchbishop of Manila at that time, approved transfer of ecclesiastical control and supervision to theJesuits, and settled the place as atown.[13]
In1665, an intensity 8 earthquake struck the valley and nearby Manila, and it is related to the activity now known asMarikina Valley Fault System. Only a Jesuit church experienced great damage and resulting in 19 deaths in the said earthquake.[14]
In 1787, the town was called "Mariquina" afterFelix Berenguer de Marquina, who was thegovernor-general at that time, and the town was declared apueblo under theSpanish colonial government.[15]
Marikina was once the Hacienda Sauza-Berenguer de Marquina (1809–1870), the land and home was formerly owned by Don Santiago Sauza y Delos Rios (1777–1880) and his wife Dona Ysabel Berenguer de Marquina y Sumulong (1790–1900). Moreover, Doña Ysabel Berenguer de Marquina y Sumulong (November 19, 1790, Cagsawa, Daraga, Albay, Philippines – January 30, 1900, Banwa, Batan, Aklan, Philippines) was the only daughter of Doña Demetria Sumulong y Lindo and of Señor Felix Berenguer de Marquina y FitzGerald, the former Governor-General of the Philippines.[16] By the 19th century,Hacienda Mariquina was eventually owned and administered by the Tuason family and had become the largest in the Philippines. The hacienda was declared amayorazgo by the Spanish colonial government. Don Juan Gregorio became the firstAlcalde Capitan of Mariquina in 1822.[17]
During thePhilippine Revolution in 1896,Andrés Bonifacio arrived in Mariquina before he and hisKatipuneros proceeded to the caves ofMontalban. Mariquina became the capital of theProvince of Manila in 1898, when thePhilippine Revolution broke out, a period when PhilippineIndependence was declared byEmilio Aguinaldo, the first Philippinepresident. Don Vicente Gomez became the firstAlcalde Presidente of Mariquina in 1900.[18]
On June 11, 1901, shortly after the United States took possession of the Philippines, its name officially became "Marikina". The province ofRizal was created by Act No. 137 by theFirst Philippine Commission which was acting as theunicameral legislative body in the island ofLuzon. Marikina and many other towns aroundManila were incorporated into the new province.
In 1906, theManila Railroad Company completed a 31 km (19 mi) steam train line called "Montalban Line", also known as Marikina Line and Rosario-Montalban branch, a branch ofPhilippine National Railway in which the train company is currently existing in some parts of Luzon[19] (today, it converted into a road which is known today as Daang Bakal, including Shoe Avenue and other streets following the former old rail tracks of the line). The company also constructed four stations in Marikina including the only surviving station of that structure today, the Mariquina station located near D. Victorino Street, the rest were demolished to give way for roads, houses, or establishments. These stations are connected between Montalban (known today asRodriguez, in Rizal Province) to the north and Rosario (known today as Tramo, inPasig) to the south.[20] Marikina Bridge, a vital economic link to Manila, was formally opened in 1934. Marikina Airfield was completed and used as a civilian airfield during the train line construction.[21] The runway were subsequently converted into the road known today as E. Santos Street, and the airfield stands today as Paliparan Subdivision. In 1936, the Montalban Line was abandoned.[22]
In 1939, the barrios of Balara,Barranca (Barangka), Jesus de la Peña,Krus na Ligas, Tañong, and the site of the newUP Campus were separated from Marikina to form part of the newly establishedQuezon City.[23] In 1941, the barrios of lower Barranca and Jesus de la Peña were returned to Marikina.[24]
In 1942, during theWorld War II,Japanese Imperial forces occupied Marikina. The town was liberated in 1945 by combined United States andPhilippine Commonwealth ground troops, who attacked theJapanese Imperial Army by artillery fromQuezon City. Almost all of the large buildings, including the church bell tower, were destroyed. In reality, the Japanese had already left the town and retreated to the north.[citation needed] The town saw over 400 civilians casualties by the end of World War II. Local Filipino troops under the pre-war 4th and 42nd Infantry Division of thePhilippine Commonwealth Army entered Marikina and assisted U.S. forces in attacking Japanese troops during the liberation. The general headquarters of thePhilippine Commonwealth Army was rebuilt and stationed in Marikina after the war.[citation needed]
In 1956, Marikina was given the title of "Shoe Capital of the Philippines", has re-emerged as a town ofshoemakers after World War II. Honed by years of shoe manufacturing experience, the natives had developed a work ethic that prepared them for the arrival of heavy industries. With the industrial plants came waves of workers who chose to stay, rapidly increasing the population.
In November 1959, Osmundo de Guzman waselected mayor of Marikina.[25]
In 1968,Kapitan Moy's house (now known as Sentrong Pangkultura ng Marikina) was declared a national shrine by the town council and theNational Historical Commission. In 1969, Rodriguez Sports Complex, known today asMarikina Sports Center was completed.
The beginning months of the 1970s marked a period of turmoil in the Philippines,[26][27] and in Marikina specifically.[28][29] During hisbid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of foreign debt-funded public works projects. This caused[30][31] the Philippine economy took a sudden downwards turn known as the1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis, which in turn led to a period of economic difficulty and a significant rise of social unrest.[32][33]: "43" [34][35] Many young people in the poorer barangays of Marikina, particularlyBarangka, joined protest activities and activist organizations.[36]
With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines underMartial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years.[37] This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record ofhuman rights abuses,[38][39] particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.[40] Victims were often tortured and killed and came to be known as "salvage" victims. The bridges across the Marikina river became a frequent area for such bodies to be discarded, with a notable example being that of University of the Philippines Literature Professor Valerio "Lerry" Nofuente, who was killed and left dead in his Volkswagen vehicle at the foot of one of the rivers, having just visited friends who were workers of Fortune Tobacco in Barangay Fortune.[28]
On November 7, 1975, by virtue ofPresidential Decree No. 824, four cities and twelve towns ofRizal, including Marikina, along with the town ofValenzuela inBulacan, were made part ofMetropolitan Manila Area.[41]
Since as early as 1937, Marikina had suffered flooding, which was caused by the swelling of theMarikina River.[42] In late October 1988, the municipality was among the hardest-hit[43] byTyphoon Ruby (Unsang);[44][45][46] heavy rains[46] caused the river rising to 19 meters,[42] and with high water level ofLaguna Lake as well, these led to massive, then-record[46] flooding[45] that stranded several residents[43][44] and seriously damaged the Marikina Valley, among others, particularly in Provident Subdivision in Santo Niño[45] where water reportedly reached 2.4 meters (8 ft) high.[43]
By 1992, Marikina had become an industrialized urban municipality under the leadership ofBayani Fernando.Marikina River was transformed into a waterway, with theMarikina River Park along the riverbanks.
In 1994, less than a month prior to the public release of the movie"Massacre Files" ("Marikina Files" as earlier reported)[47] byRegal Films,[48] it was criticized by the local government, citing that it may damage the image of the locality, with mayor Fernando questioning the claim that it was based on police files.[47] The movie depicted three[47] of seven highly-publicized rape-murder cases occurred from 1993 until late January 1994; majority were claimed solved by the municipal police.[49][50][51]
ThendistrictrepresentativeRomeo Candazo authored the cityhood filed in theCongress which, on November 6, 1996, was signed into law byPresidentFidel V. Ramos asRepublic Act (RA) No. 8223.[52][53] A plebiscite was held on December 7 in 577 polling precincts.[53][54]
Low voter turnout was observed as the plebiscite was marred by reports of disenfranchised voters, as well as disinformation campaign which prevented residents to vote, with five individuals apprehended;[53]barangays of Concepcion, Daang Bakal area, and parts of Barangay Malanday and then-sitio Tumana, Candazo's bailiwicks, held boycotts.[55] Candazo later denied allegations that he campaigned for a boycott and his camp waged the disinformation.[56]
Meanwhile, a delay of counting of ballots due to lack ofCommission on Elections personnel led to some 200 teachers abandoning their posts, taking with them canvassing sheets and less than 16,000 unvalidated ballots. The counting proceeded with some employees of the local government treasury assisted in validation of votes. Despite the turnout yet the majority ratified the cityhood, the following day, the COMELEC eventually declared the municipality as ahighly urbanized city, citing that the unvalidated ballots does not affect those counted already.[55] Marikina became the ninth city inMetro Manila.[57]
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
 Yes | 18,649 | 89.86 |
| No | 2,105 | 10.14 |
| Valid votes | 20,754 | 56.85% |
| Invalid or blank votes | 15,750 (estimated) | 43.15% |
| Total votes | 36,504 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 223,229 | 16.35%[A] |
| Source:[55] | ||
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In 2006, underRA No. 9364 signed byPresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo, Marikina was divided intotwo congressional districts, being served by two representatives since 2007.[58] Fortune and Tumana, twositios inbarangays Parang and Concepcion Uno respectively, were converted into independentbarangays, the city's newest (15th and 16th), in 2007.[59][60]
On September 26, 2009, Marikina was severely affected byTropical Storm Ketsana (Ondoy), which submerged majority of Metro Manila, withMarikina River reaching a record high, more than 21 meters,[a] and half of itsbarangays flooded, particularly in Tumana (also the hardest-hit by the 2012 rains);[42] resulted to 70 deaths and more than₱27 million worth of damage.[66] Almost the same scenario occurred in the city upon being hit byTropical Storm Meari (Falcon) in June andTyphoon Nesat (Pedring) in November 2011;the monsoon rains (habagat) of August 2012;[42]Tropical DepressionJosie in July andTropical StormKarding in August of 2018.[67] On November 12, 2020, the river water level rose to another record high at 22 meters duringTyphoon Vamco (Ulysses),[62][a] which killed 25 people.[68]
Marikina lies on the so-calledMarikina Valley, which extends to the south towardPasig andCainta, Rizal.Sierra Madre mountains lie to the east andQuezon City hills to the west.Marikina River runs through the mid-west portion of the city, with its tributary including Nangka River. Nangka River runs through the north slicing between Marikina andSan Mateo, while the small waterway calledSapang Baho Creek slicing the southeast between Marikina andCainta andAntipolo.
The total land area of Marikina is approximately 21.5 km2 (2,150 ha; 5,300 acres). This represents about 3.42% of the total land area ofMetro Manila. At present, the city is composed of 16 barangays. Barangays Fortune, Concepcion Uno, and Marikina Heights are among the largest in terms of land area.[69]
The south portion of the city comprises numerous commercial, industrial and residential areas, heritage sites and mixed use zones, while the north and northeast portion are primarily residential and industrial zones, and various establishments such assmall and medium enterprises. Loyola Grand Villas and Trevi Executive Village, located at the northwest portion of the city, are gated communities with upper-middle class and wealthy residents. Barangay Santa Elena represents apoblacion, or the center of Marikina. At present, it is 38%residential, 19%commercial andindustrial, 17%Roads, 8%Mixed-use, 18% forparks and open spaces, development areas,institutional,cemeteries and others.[70]
Located along the eastern border ofMetro Manila, it is bordered on the west byQuezon City, to the south byPasig andCainta, Rizal, to the north bySan Mateo, Rizal and to the east byAntipolo, the capital ofRizal province. It is approximately 21 kilometers (13 mi) away fromManila and lies within14°38′24″N121°5′50″E / 14.64000°N 121.09722°E /14.64000; 121.09722.
From the north, Marikina occupies the south bank of the Nangka River, parts of Barangay Nangka and Barangay Fortune. The east slices at the foot of theSierra Madre mountains ofAntipolo where the Meteor Homes Subdivision and Empress Subdivision are located. It continues south and occupies La Milagrosa Village in Barangay Marikina Heights and Rancho Estates 2 and 3 in Barangay Concepcion Dos. The southeast slices by Quiling Malaki Creek (where theSapang Baho River originated) and occupies the north bank where the Barangay Conception Dos is located. It continues south and meets Balanti Creek which occupies the west bank, parts of Barangay Santo Niño and Barangay Santa Elena. From the southeastmost, it occupies Marikina Midtown Subdivision in Barangay San Roque. The south portion is sliced byMarikina-Infanta Highway occupies the north side of the highway andLRT-2 Marikina–Pasig station, and extends to the west until it occupies theLRT-2 Santolan station and reaches the Marikina River in Barangay Calumpang, near BFCT East Metro Terminal. The east occupies the southernmost of Quezon City hills which lies Barangay Industrial Valley and sliced by C5 Road occupies the west side until it reaches the Ateneo de Manila University campus. The east side of the campus covers the city, lies in Barangay Barangka, extending to the north and sliced by several roads of Loyola Grand Villas and Barangay Tumana, which covers the east part of the village until it reaches Marikina River and its tributary Nangka River in the northernmost point.
Marikina River runs to the western part of the city and is surrounded by many lush trees in theMarikina River Park on the riverbanks. The south portion of the river is surrounded by structures and concrete walkways. The river covers an area of around 220 hectares (540 acres) and measures about 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) in length and is the principal drainage system for Marikina. Its depth measures from 12 meters up to 18 meters during the heavy downpour. Rehabilitation of the River started in 1992. The river traverses 11 city barangays which have streets and alleys going to the river, making river parks easily accessible. River parks today are popular sports and recreational centers not only in Metro Manila but throughout the Philippines.
Marikina is also prone to various natural disasters, including the major floodings during the onslaught ofTyphoon Unsang in 1988,Typhoon Ondoy in 2009,Tropical Storm Falcon andTyphoon Pedring in 2011, seasonalsouthwest monsoon in2012 and2016, andTyphoon Ulysses in 2020. Primarily, flooding within Marikina is caused by the increase of water level in major rivers and its tributaries from the Sierra Madre mountains, followed by overflowing from its riverbanks to low-lying areas throughout the city.
Another major threat isfault lines in Marikina caused byearthquakes.West Valley Fault Line, previously known as Marikina Fault Line, lies at the west Marikina.
City Center zone (Poblacion)
Newtown zone (Ibayo)
Riverside zone (Tabing-Ilog)
Foothills zone (Bundok)
Marikina features atropical monsoon climate. Its proximity to the equator means that the temperature range is very small, rarely going lower than 18 °C (64 °F) or higher than 38 °C (100 °F). However,humidity levels are usually very high, which makes it feel much warmer. It has a distinct, relatively short dry season from January through May, and a relatively lengthy wet season, from June through December.
| Climate data for Marikina, Philippines | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 34 (93) | 34 (93) | 33 (91) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 32 (90) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 25.4 (1.00) | 25.4 (1.00) | 38.1 (1.50) | 25.4 (1.00) | 38.1 (1.50) | 127 (5.0) | 254 (10.0) | 431.8 (17.00) | 406.4 (16.00) | 355.6 (14.00) | 203.2 (8.00) | 152.4 (6.00) | 2,082.8 (82.00) |
| Source:Pagasa DOST | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 8,187 | — |
| 1918 | 9,542 | +1.03% |
| 1939 | 15,166 | +2.23% |
| 1948 | 23,353 | +4.91% |
| 1960 | 40,455 | +4.68% |
| 1970 | 113,400 | +10.84% |
| 1975 | 168,453 | +8.26% |
| 1980 | 211,613 | +4.67% |
| 1990 | 310,227 | +3.90% |
| 1995 | 357,231 | +2.68% |
| 2000 | 391,170 | +1.96% |
| 2007 | 424,610 | +1.14% |
| 2010 | 424,150 | −0.04% |
| 2015 | 450,741 | +1.16% |
| 2020 | 456,059 | +0.23% |
| Source:Philippine Statistics Authority[71][72][73][74] | ||
The native people in Marikina refer to themselves as "Marikeño" (orMarikenyo, inFilipino). According to the 2015 Census, the population of the city was 450,741. The population of Marikina is near half a million, making it one of the most densely populated areas in the Philippines. Like other places in Metro Manila, the original settlers of Marikina wereTagalog. There has been a constant migration of otherethnic groups in the Philippines.Tagalog is widely spoken and the main language in Marikina, whileEnglish is used in education and business.
Marikina was one of the seats of theSpanish colonial government in past centuries and has been used as the base ofRoman Catholic missions to thePhilippines. Religious orders include theDominicans, theFranciscans, theJesuits and theAugustinians, which were the first to arrive in Marikina.
TheOur Lady of the Abandoned Church, completed in 1572, is the seat ofNuestra Señora de los Desamparados, thePatron Saint of Marikina. The majority of the city's population isRoman Catholic.
Alternative incarnations of Christianity promoting their version of faith in the Philippines includeIglesia ni Cristo, theSeventh-day Adventist Church,Members Church of God International,The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, thePhilippine Independent Church or popularly known as Aglipayan Church, the second-largest catholic denomination in Marikina, among other smallBaptist churches and Christian groups. The headquarters of thePentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch) are located in the city. Other small religions in Marikina areHinduism,Buddhism,Islam, andSikhism.
Commercial and industrial
The financial resources of Marikina are scattered all over the city, but the southern part is primarily concentrated which includes business establishments and commercial facilities, while the northern part is factories and warehouses.Riverbanks Center is the city's commercial center situated southwest of the city where shopping malls and recreation areas are located. Real estate, residential condominiums, and commercial establishments along A. Bonifacio Avenue, Marcos Highway, and Sumulong Highway are developing. Restaurants, cafés, diners, and entertainment bars are mostly concentrated along Gil Fernando Avenue, J. P. Rizal Street, Bayanbayanan Avenue, and Lilac Street
Fortune Avenue is home to some of major companies such asFortune Tobacco,Philip Morris,Armscor andNoritake. Sumulong Highway is the center of business and local trade, and it has mixed establishments such as banking, boutiques, retail shops, electronics, appliances, and other consumer needs. Almost all the major international and local commercial and government banks in the Philippines operate branches in the city.
Shopping centers
SM City Marikina is currently the largest shopping mall in the city, whileRiverbanks Center, a community shopping and commercial center is one of the most popular outlet stores in the Philippines. Other shopping malls located in the city areBlue Wave Marquinton Mall, Graceland Plaza, C&B Circle Mall, Xeland XentroMall, CitiCentre, andAyala Malls Marikina while Sienna Towers Residences Shopping Complex is one of the upcoming shopping centers in the city.
Other shopping centers just next to the Marikina boundary areSta. Lucia East Grand Mall andRobinsons Metro East (near Barangay San Roque), andAyala Malls Feliz (near Barangay Calumpang), all are located alongMarikina-Infanta Highway which of these malls are more closely and accessible to Marikina than to their respective city proper.
Public market
The Marikina Market Mall, a public market in the city is a centralized modern market, converted streets into commercial and market lanes, and is one of the most popular and largest public markets in Metro Manila. The market is divided into two sections: thedry goods and thewet goods. Commerce in this market is active mostly during early mornings and late afternoons. There are also food stalls and eateries located inside the market. Some of Marikina's local products are handicrafts, sweet delicacies, leather, clothing, food processing, bags, accessories, and footwear.
Marikina is the biggest manufacturer of quality shoes in the Philippines. It is also the Philippines' largest worldwide exporter of leather shoes tagged Marikina as the Shoe Capital of the Philippines. Hundreds of footwear establishments are located throughout the city, generating thousands of jobs and city financial resources that continue to make the shoe and leather industry the top livelihood in the city. By the 2000s, the Marikina shoe industry was affected by competition from Chinese manufacturers.[75]
Marikina is politically subdivided into 16 barangays.[76] Its barangays are grouped into two districts for city council representation purposes. The first district encompasses the southern section of the city, while the second district encompasses the northern section. Among these barangays, 11 are traversed by Marikina River mostly on the west section of the city.
| Barangays | District | Populationa | Area (ha) | Density (/ha) | Zip Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barangka | 1st | 18,504 | 117 | 158 | 1803 |
| Calumpang | 1st | 14,857 | 72 | 206 | 1801 |
| Concepcion Uno | 2nd | 39,204 | 213 | 184 | 1807 |
| Concepcion Dos | 2nd | 25,637 | 184 | 139 | 1811 |
| Fortune | 2nd | 36,142 | 219 | 165 | 1810 |
| Industrial Valley | 1st | 15,995 | 65 | 246 | 1802 |
| Jesus de la Peña | 1st | 10,175 | 82 | 124 | 1804 |
| Malanday | 1st | 55,442 | 87 | 637 | 1805 |
| Marikina Heights | 2nd | 38,795 | 206 | 188 | 1810 |
| Nangka | 2nd | 43,828 | 182 | 241 | 1808 |
| Parang | 2nd | 41,661 | 164 | 254 | 1809 |
| San Roque | 1st | 17,945 | 109 | 165 | 1801 |
| Santa Elena | 1st | 6,928 | 44 | 157 | 1800 |
| Santo Niño | 1st | 30,759 | 146 | 211 | 1800 |
| Tañong | 1st | 8,270 | 73 | 113 | 1803 |
| Tumana | 2nd | 43,239 | 182 | 238 | 1805 |
| |||||
Like in other city governments in the Philippines, Marikina is governed by amayor and avice mayor elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the city's departments in executing city ordinances and improving public services, along withcity councilors, while the vice mayor heads a legislative council, and these councilors represent the two legislative districts of the city. The council is in charge of formulating and enacting city ordinances.
Marikina, being a part of the Metro Manila region, has its mayor in the Metro Manila Council headed by theMetropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). This council formulates development plans that seek to solve the problems and improve the conditions in the metropolis.
Marikina is made up of 16 barangays that handle governance in a much smaller area. These barangays are grouped into the aforementioned legislative districts. Each district is represented by a congressman, in turn, is represented in theHouse of Representatives of the Philippines
Theofficial seal of the City of Marikina bears the inscriptions "Lungsod ng Marikina", "Pilipinas", "1630" (the founding year of the municipality), and "1996", the year of approval of the city charter. The two mountains represent the majestic twin ranges of theCordillera andSierra Madre, between which the Marikina Valley is nestled, traversed by theMarikina River. The rising sun points to the eastern location of the city, with each ray representing the city's barangays. The machinery gear symbolizes its industries and the shoe last represents the traditional manufacturing in the city. The torch focuses on the lofty and noble ideals for human development and a better quality of life and is symbolic of its Hispanic culture and tradition. The bamboo underscores a mixture of the people's natural humility and strength of character and also emphasizes the city's transition from an agricultural past to the urbanized, industrial present; the leaves and branches symbolize order and serenity. The bamboo and the wheel represent Marikina and its people's respect for and protection of the environment so as to remain in harmony with progress.[79]
Local cuisines such asEverlasting, a popular dish in Marikina similar toEmbutido but it is cooked in "lyanera", whileWaknatoy, a unique dish is simply a variant ofMenudo with the addition ofpickles which gives Waknatoy a sweet-tangy flavor, andLaoya, a dish similar toNilaga with the addition of pounded garlic, sweet potato andsaba banana.
Marikina's festivities are rich inculture, tradition, and the people themselves. Several ancestral houses can be found along J. P. Rizal Street in Barangay Santa Elena. Teatro Marikina is the center of the performing arts in Marikina. The traditional dance in Marikina isLerion, the official folk dance of Marikina.[80]
Some of the local festivities in Marikina include:Ilognayan Festival, a cultural event that is about letting the people know about the Marikina River's significance which is held in February along the Marikina River;Ka-Angkan Festival is a feast that coincides with the founding anniversary of Marikina on April 16. It is an event that honors the large native clans of the city that have unique monikers;Marikina Christmas Festival/Shopalooza/ChristmaSaya, is a long holiday festival filled with stalls selling a wide variety of goods at affordable prices. The festival starts as early as October, and runs until February of the following year, mostly concentrated inMarikina River Park andRiverbanks Center;Rehiyon-Rehiyon Festival, a festival that showcases the various ethnic groups that make up the people of Marikina. It serves as a tribute to the active community who came from other regions of the country and chose to settle in Marikina. It proves that unity can be achieved despite diverse backgrounds and different dialects. The festival celebrates every year on December 8, when Marikina was established as a city; and lastly, theSapatos Festival, since Marikina was tagged as the Shoe Capital, the city celebrates the Sapatos Festival every year, from mid-September until the year ends. This is a celebration of the ingenuity and craftsmanship of shoemakers in Marikina. It gives due recognition to their hardship and the local shoe industry itself.
Marikina's professional basketball team is theMarikina Shoemasters of theMaharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL), which joined the league in the2018–19 season. Its volleyball counterpart, theMarikina Lady Shoemasters are one of the founding members of the grassrootsMaharlika Pilipinas Volleyball Association (MPVA). Marikina also used to be home toJPV Marikina F.C., which last played in thePhilippines Football League (PFL) in 2018.
Marikina Sports Center is located at the corner of Sumulong Highway and Shoe Avenue, is a prominent structure located in Marikina and a notable sports complex in the Philippines.
It features the football field and athletics stadium consisting of an athletics oval track, a 64-meter (210 ft) wide natural grass pitch, bicycle track, and two grandstands; the West and East Stands. The grandstands have a total seating capacity of 15,000 people. Between the West Stand and the athletics track, the basketball, volleyball, badminton, and tennis courts are located. The West Stand is situated along Shoe Avenue while the East Stand is connected to Marikina Sports Center indoor facilities such as an Olympic-size swimming pool inside an aquatics center that can accommodate 2,000 spectators, an 8-story sports building, an indoor gymnasium with a capacity of 7,000 seats, and other establishments such as sports and souvenir shops, food stalls and convenience stores.
The area has been host to several sports competitions both regional, national, and international as well as entertainment such as grand concerts, finals night, live television shows, and other purposes.
Public transportation within the city, like in most of the urban areas in the Philippines, is facilitated mostly usingjeepneys and buses.Tricycles andpedicabs give access to more secluded areas, whiletaxicabs and acarpooling transport system are available throughout the city.FX taxis have begun to compete directly with jeepneys on major roads whileUV Express transport services are also available in selected terminals. BFCT East Metro Transport Terminal located in Marikina–Infanta Highway-C-5 Interchange near SM Marikina is a major public transport terminal east of Metro Manila. It is a part of decongesting the traffic in Metro Manila and other neighboring areas that offer interisland bus service destinations.[81]
In the early 2000s, Marikina became one of the pioneers in promoting a "bicycle-friendly" city by building bike lanes along major roads and city streets. The local government constructed a 66-kilometer network of bikeways to help reduce air pollution,greenhouse gas emissions, fuel consumption, and traffic congestion in the city.[82] The bikeways project provides an estimated annual savings of 250 tons/km of carbon dioxide, 0.02 tons of particulate matter, and 0.13 tons of NOx.[82] The World Health Organization awarded the project in 2008 in the category ofclimate change and health.[82] In 2012, the longest bike lane during that time was opened along the stretch of theMarikina–Infanta Highway.[83]
In January 2016, the city government of Marikina invented the "AMV" or "Adaptive Mobile Vehicle" for PWDs or Persons with Disabilities and Senior Citizens. The "AMV" is a wheelchair vehicle or can put a wheelchair inside. The local government of Marikina wants to be a "friendly city" for the Senior Citizens.
Marikina River is the main waterway in Marikina and is used by local fisherfolk as a mode of river transport. River ferry terminals are still not operational in the city due to the threat of overflowing water in the river during heavy downpours or typhoon season.
Road network
Marikina is accessed by the following major roads and thoroughfares:
N59/R-6:Marikina–Infanta Highway (known as Marilaque Highway and Marcos Highway)
N11: FVR (Fidel V. Ramos) Road (known as C-5 Access Road)Bridges and overpass
Marikina is accessed by the following major bridges:
The Marikina River ferry service was to begin operation with the opening of the Riverbanks and Sta. Elena ferry stations in 2008, but due to the onslaught ofTropical Storm Ketsana in 2009 and heavy rainfalls and storms the following years that caused the river to overflowed, the ferry service was canceled and ceased operation. Recently, theMetropolitan Manila Development Authority is looking into plans of extending thePasig River Ferry Service route to reach Marikina River and give commuters on the eastern side of Metro Manila an alternative and faster mode of transportation but it still undergoing vehicular planning.[84]
TheLRT Line 2 runs through the city, operated by theLight Rail Transit Authority. The current elevated light rail metro stations in use areSantolan station between the border ofBarangay Calumpang in Marikina and Barangay Santolan inPasig, andMarikina–Pasig station in Barangay San Roque, both are located on the stretch of Marikina–Infanta Highway. These stations connect to the west-end,Recto station in theCity of Manila, and connect to the east-end terminus,Antipolo station inAntipolo, Rizal.
The followinglight rail metro stations in the city:
Line 2 (with 2 stations)
LRT Line 2 San Mateo Spur Line (San Mateo Railway Project)
The proposed project has received approval to allocate funds for feasibility studies from the Project Development and Monitoring Facility (PDMF) Committee. Once finished, this will be submitted to and await approval from the Investment Coordination Committee to confirm the viability of this project's public-private partnership (PPP) implementation. The line will span a total of 17 km. that traverses Marikina, San Mateo, and Rodriguez, and will be connected to the LRT-2 via a feeder railway line. It will have six stations running through Marikina, San Mateo, and Rodriguez.[85] It aims to connect the line from LRT-2 to Marikina and the high-density sub-urban areas of the northwest part ofRizal Province. The location of the stations and the line that will run through are yet to be determined.[86]
MRT Line 7 Katipunan Spur Line
Plans were also laid out for a 13.9-kilometer (8.6 mi) additional spur line, known as theMRT Line 7 Katipunan Spur Line, that aims to connect the line from MRT-7 Tandang Sora station to the east of Metro Manila.[87] The proposed spur line will traverse in Marikina through Andres Bonifacio Avenue,Sumulong Highway, and Mayor Gil Fernando Avenue.
Line 7 (with 3 proposed stations)
Riverbanks Sumulong Emerald–Marikina (connected toLine 2)Old Marikina Line (Rosario-Montalban branch)
The Manila Railroad Company (nowPhilippine National Railways) beforehand a line to Montalban (now Rodriguez, Rizal) traversing Marikina with four stations: Mariquina, Santo Niño, Bayan-Bayanan, and Nangka, started its operation in 1906. Mariquina station was the only surviving station of that structure on the Montalban line. Currently, there is a road named "Daangbakal", also called by the present names of "Shoe Avenue", "Munding Avenue" and "Bagong Silang", these roads are formerly the old tracks of the Montalban Line from Tramo (now Rosario, Pasig) traversing Marikina connected up toSan Mateo and ended inMontalban. In 1936, passenger operations ceased and after World War II, the line and its stations were abandoned.
Marikina Health Office is a center of health services in the city and responsible for providing healthcare services as well as planning and implementing the healthcare programs provided by the city government. It operates health centers and lying-in clinics in each barangay to provide basic medical services in the community.
Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center is a major public hospital in Marikina and one of the largest medical facilities in the east of Metro Manila and Rizal Province. Other major private hospitals include Garcia General Hospital, Marikina Doctors Hospital and Medical Center, SDS Medical Center, St. Anthony Medical Center, and St. Vincent General Hospital.
Marikina Rescue 161 is a 24-hour emergency service that responds to all calls within the city for assistance during emergency situations in 5 minutes. The office also conducts seminars and training on first-aid among its staff to upgrade skills especially Marikina is vulnerable to calamities like floods, fire, and earthquakes.
Marikina Police Station is responsible for law enforcement, under the Eastern Police District (EPD) ofNational Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO) of thePhilippine National Police (PNP).
Marikina Fire Department provides fire and emergency services, under Fire District IV (FD4) known as the Eastern District Fire of Bureau of Fire Protection National Capital Region (BFPNCR) ofDepartment of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).
Marikina has its own radio station,Radyo Marikina, a community station owned and operated by the city government. It is considered the first local government radio station in the Philippines. Its frequency is 1674 kHz in Metro Manila. The studio is located at the Public Information Office on the second floor of Marikina City Hall.
ThePMCC 4th Watch, a religious group with headquarters at this city, owns and supervisesLife TV andLife Radio. Their studios are located at NCLC Building in Barangay Santo Niño. Life TV broadcasts throughBEAM TVnationwide digital television broadcast, inUHF Channel 50 andSkyCable channel 44.
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina (PLMar) is the first city government-funded university to offer different courses whileMarikina Polytechnic College (MPC) is a city-state technical college that offers mostly technical courses, both are government-owned institutions. Another isFEU Roosevelt Marikina, a prominent college institution, is a private non-sectarian college named in honor of the American president Franklin D. Roosevelt and it is considered as the oldest academic institution in eastern Metro Manila.[88]
Sectarian schools also offer college courses such as Mother of Divine Providence School, National Christian Life College and Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College (OLOPSC). Numerous campuses of information technology and computer colleges are also growing in the city.Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) located near the city hall, is responsible for managing and supervising technical education and skills development in the city.
Marikina Science High School (MSHS), is the first city public science high school in Marikina with a science androbotics laboratory built in 2024.[89]
Marikina Catholic School is a private sectarian institution and it is considered as the city's center of Catholic educational institution located inOur Lady of the Abandoned Parish complex. Manila Boystown Complex, is aManila city government-owned institution, the facility is exclusively for abandoned, forgotten, and voluntarily surrendered children, teenagers, and senior citizens.
Preschools, daycare centers, and numerous private schools for elementary and high school are scattered all over the city including Ingenium School and Charis School. Exclusive schools such asMarist School andSt. Scholastica's Academy are also found in the city.
Each barangay in Marikina has at least one public primary or one public secondary school. A total of 17 primary public schools and 13 secondary public schools in the city is under the supervision ofDepartment of Education's Division of City Schools Marikina.[90]
Marikina has sister cities and friendship agreements with foreign and local cities.
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De Guzman, a political neophyte who ran as aGrand Alliance candidate, defeated four more seasoned political rivals, including Mayor Gil Fernando.
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WHEREAS, on April 8, 1997, the Sangguniang Panlungsod of Bacolod passed Resolution No. 313 approving the Sister City Relationship...
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