Margaret Louisa Aylward (1810-1889) was anIrish Catholic nun, philanthropist, and founder of theSisters of the Holy Faith.

Margaret Aylward was born on 23 November 1810 in Thomas Street inWaterford to a wealthy merchant family.^[1] She was educated by the Ursuline nuns inThurles,County Tipperary.^[2] After doing some charitable work in Waterford in her early years, Aylward joined her sister in theSisters of Charity in 1834 as a novice. She left thenoviciate in 1836 and returned to Waterford to continue her charity work in a secular role. Aylward again attempted to join a religious order in 1846 when she entered theUrsuline noviciate in Waterford, however she left after two months.^[3]

By 1851, Aylward had moved toDublin where she was active in re-energising the Ladies' Association ofSt Vincent de Paul.^[3] TheIrish Famine led to a large-scale movement of people from rural areas into cities, including Dublin, which led to increased pressure on the charitable institutions of these areas. Aylward's efforts were part of this wider charitable effort to help the poor, particularly Catholics who were seen to be at risk of coercive religious conversion (known asSouperism).^[4] This association was concerned with the 'temporal as well as the spiritual relief of the sick poor in Dublin.'^[3]

The Ladies' Association of St Vincent de Paul opened St Brigid's in 1856, an orphanage which had an anti-proselytising mission and claimed to 'rescue' Catholic children from Protestant agencies. The Ladies' Association often came into dispute with those involved in theIrish Church Missions and theragged schools in Dublin, with members of the Ladies' Association distributing crucifixes to children attending the Protestant-run ragged schools and visiting the homes of parents who sent their children to them.^[5] The women involved in St Brigid's Orphanage organised themselves into a society called the Daughters ofSt. Brigid.^[6] However, while the establishment of St Brigid's brought Aylward closer to religious orders, historian Maria Luddy notes that in the 1850s, Aylward was not concerned with the establishment of a religious community, rather she wanted to 'live in a community of women who were united by their religious convictions but did not necessarily desire to take formal religious vows.'^[3]

There was a growth in religious orders for women in Ireland from the early nineteenth century due to a relaxing of anti-CatholicPenal Laws. These included the IrishSisters of Charity who were established in 1815 underMary Aikenhead, theIrish Loreto Order (1822) underFrances Ball, andCatherine McAuley'sSisters of Mercy (1831).^[7]Archbishop Cullen of Dublin was an important figure in persuading leaders of religious communities of women, likeCatherine McAuley, to formally organise as religious congregations in order to continue their charitable work and be respectable. While Aylward was resistant to this idea for a while, she eventually agreed. In 1857 theSisters of the Holy Faith were established, and in 1869 the order were approved byPope Pius IX.^[3]

Aylward was arrested in 1860 for 'failing to produce a child named Mary Matthews, who had been taken away and concealed from her parents for the purpose of being brought up in the Roman Catholic faith'.^[8] Matthews had been placed with a nurse in Saggart, County Dublin when her father had died and her mother had emigrated to the Bahamas. When her mother returned, Aylward was notified by Matthews' foster mother that she was missing.^[6] While, during the trial, Aylward reputedly "indicated that she desired to separate the child from her mother", she was not found guilty of kidnapping.^[3] She was, however, found to be in contempt of court and sentenced to six months in jail.^[3] Aylward continued her work after her release.^[3]

Margaret Aylward (now Sister Mary Agatha) died on 11 October 1889. Aylward had continued wearing her own clothes and travelling after taking her religious vows.

Historian Margaret Helen Preston argues that Aylward was unusual for the time that she lived in because she did not believe that poverty resulted from sin. Aylward referred to the poor as the 'Elect of God' and argued that God saw the poor as special because of their difficult circumstances.^[6]

TheSisters of the Holy Faith still work around the world.

• Clear, Caitriona,Nuns in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin, 1988).
• Luddy, Maria,Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Cambridge, 1995).
• Prunty, Jacinta.Margaret Aylward 1810-1889: lady of charity, sister of faith (Dublin, 1999).^[9]

• Religious orders
• Catholic Church organizations
• 1810 births
• 19th-century Irish nuns
• People from County Waterford
• Founders of Catholic religious communities
• 1889 deaths
• 19th-century Irish philanthropists
• Irish women philanthropists

• Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use dmy dates from May 2019
• Articles with hCards