American neurologist
Marcus E. Raichle (born March 15, 1937) is an American neurologist at theWashington University School of Medicine inSt. Louis . He is a professor in the Department of Radiology with joint appointments in Neurology, Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering. His research over the past 40 years has focused on the nature of functionalbrain imaging signals arising fromPET andfMRI and the application of these techniques to the study of the humanbrain in health and disease.[ 1] Kavli Prize in Neuroscience “for the discovery of specialized brain networks for memory and cognition", together withBrenda Milner andJohn O’Keefe in 2014.
Noteworthy accomplishments of Marcus Raichle include the discovery of the relative independence of blood flow and oxygen consumption during changes in brain activity which provided the physiological basis of fMRI;[ 2] default mode network of brain function (i.e., organized intrinsic activity) and its signature system,[ 3] default mode network ;[ 4] aerobic glycolysis contributes to brain function independent ofoxidative phosphorylation .[ 5] [ 6]
In 2001, he was a co-recipient of aGrawemeyer Award in Psychology, with Michael Posner and Steven Petersen of theUniversity of Louisville .[ 8] Metlife Foundation Award for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Disease along withRandy Buckner ,[ 9] Ariëns Kappers Medal from theRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences . In 2014, he was a co-recipient of theKavli Prize in Neuroscience, awarded by theNorwegian Academy of Science and Letters , withBrenda Milner of theMontreal Neurological Institute atMcGill University and John O’Keefe ofUniversity College London .[ 10]
Selected publications [ edit ] Zhang, D; Snyder AZ; Shimony JS; Fox MD; Raichle ME (2010)."Noninvasive functional and structural connectivity mapping of the human thalamocortical system" .Cerebral Cortex .20 (5):1187– 1194.doi :10.1093/cercor/bhp182 .PMC 2852505 PMID 19729393 . Fair DA, Bathula D, Mills KL, Costa Dias TG, Blythe MS, Zhang D, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME, Stevens AA, Nigg JT, Nagel BJ (2010)."thalamocortical functional connectivity across development" .Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience .4 :1– 10.doi :10.3389/fnsys.2010.00010 PMC 2876871 PMID 20514143 . He, BJ; Zempel JM; Snyder AZ; Raichle ME (2010)."The temporal structures and functional significance of scale-free brain activity" .Neuron .66 (3):353– 369.doi :10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.020 .PMC 2878725 PMID 20471349 . Raichle, ME (2010). "Two views of brain function".Trends in Cognitive Sciences .14 (4):180– 190.doi :10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.008 .PMID 20206576 .S2CID 15157559 . Raichle, ME (2010). "The brain's dark energy".Scientific American .302 (3):28– 33.Bibcode :2010SciAm.302c..44R .doi :10.1038/scientificamerican0310-44 .PMID 20184182 . Paul, BM; Snyder AZ; Haist F; Raichle ME; Bellugi U; Stiles J (2009)."Amygdala response to faces parallels social behavior in Williams syndrome" .Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience .4 (3):278– 285.doi :10.1093/scan/nsp023 .PMC 2728637 PMID 19633063 . Zhang, D; Raichle ME (2010). "Disease and the brain's dark energy".Nature Reviews Neurology .6 (1):15– 28.doi :10.1038/nrneurol.2009.198 .PMID 20057496 .S2CID 3337847 . Sheline, YI; Raichle ME; Snyder AZ; Morris JC; Head D; Wang S. Mintun MA (2010)."Amyloid plaques disrupt resting state default mode network connectivity in cognitively normal elderly" .J. Biological Psychiatry .67 (6):584– 587.doi :10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.024 .PMC 2829379 PMID 19833321 . Raichle, ME (2009)."A paradigm shift in functional brain imaging" .Journal of Neuroscience .29 (41):12729– 12734.doi :10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4366-09.2009 PMC 6665302 PMID 19828783 . White, BR; Snyder AZ; Cohen AL; Petersen SE; Raichle ME; Schlaggar BL; Culver JP (2009)."Resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain revealed with diffuse optical tomography" .NeuroImage .47 (1):148– 156.doi :10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.058 .PMC 2699418 PMID 19344773 . He, BJ; Raichle ME (2009)."The fMRI signal, slow cortical potentials and consciousness" .Trends in Cognitive Sciences .13 (7):302– 309.doi :10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.004 .PMC 2855786 PMID 19535283 . ^ "Academy Members" .academyofsciencestl.org . Archived fromthe original on October 8, 2011.^ Petersen, SE; Fox PT; Posner MI; Mintun M; Raichle ME (1988). "Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing".Nature .331 (6157):585– 589.Bibcode :1988Natur.331..585P .doi :10.1038/331585a0 .PMID 3277066 .S2CID 4369305 . ^ Raichle, M. E.; MacLeod, A. M.; Snyder, A. Z.; Powers, W. J.; Gusnard, D. A.; Shulman, G. L. (January 16, 2001)."A default mode of brain function" .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America .98 (2):676– 682.doi :10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 ISSN 0027-8424 .PMC 14647 PMID 11209064 . ^ Fox, MD; Zhang D; Snyder DZ; Raichle ME (2009)."The global signal and observed anticorrelated resting state brain networks" .J. Neurophysiol .101 (6):3270– 3283.doi :10.1152/jn.90777.2008 .PMC 2694109 PMID 19339462 . ^ Vaishnavi, SN; Vlassenko AG; Rundle MM; Snyder AZ; Mintun MA; Raichle ME (2010)."Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain" .PNAS .107 (41):17757– 17762.Bibcode :2010PNAS..10717757V .doi :10.1073/pnas.1010459107 PMC 2955101 PMID 20837536 . ^ Vlassenko AG, Vaishnavi SN, Couture L, Sacco D, Shannon BJ, Mac, RH, Morris JC, Raichle ME, Mintun MA (2010)."Spatial correlation between brain aerobic glycolysis and amyloid-β deposition" .PNAS .107 (41):17763– 17767.doi :10.1073/pnas.1010461107 PMC 2955133 PMID 20837517 . ^ "Utenlandske medlemmer | Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi" .www.dnva.no . RetrievedJanuary 28, 2020 .^ "2001– Michael Posner, Marcus Raichle and Steven Petersen" .grawemeyer.org . Archived fromthe original on May 21, 2014.^ "MetLife Foundation Awards for Medical Research in Alzheimer's Disease" (PDF) . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on October 13, 2018.^ Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit (May 29, 2014)."Nine Scientists Share Three Kavli Prizes" .
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