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Marcin Kalinowski | |
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| Field Crown Hetman | |
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| Coat of arms | Kalinowa |
| Born | c. 1605 |
| Died | 1652 |
| Noble family | Kalinowski |
| Consort | Helena Korecka |
| Father | Walenty Aleksander Kalinowski |
| Mother | Elżbieta Struś |
Marcin Kalinowski (c. 1605 – 1652) was a Polishmagnate andnobleman (szlachcic),Kalinowa coat of arms,Field Crown Hetman. He was the son of Walenty Aleksander Kalinowski who fell at theBattle of Cecora (1620).
He began his studies inPoland and continued his education at theUniversity of Leuven.[1] His considerable wealth enabled him to establish his own private army, which suppressedCossack riots andTatar raids inUkraine. In 1635 he became the firstvoivode of theCzernihów Voivodship. In 1646 he was appointedField Crown Hetman. During theKhmelnytsky Uprising, he was captured by the Tatars after theBattle of Korsun in 1648. He was a prisoner-of-war until 1650 when he was ransomed. On 12 May 1651 he commanded victorious Polish army in theBattle of Kopyczyńce between Poles and combinedCossack-Tatar forces under chiefAsand Demko. In 1651, during the subsequent hostilities between the Commonwealth and Cossack-Tatar alliance, he was the nominal commander of the Polish army right wing at the great victoriousBattle of Beresteczko (de facto commandedJeremi Wiśniowiecki). Upon death ofGrand Crown HetmanMikołaj Potocki, who was his political and personal adversary, hetman Kalinowski commanded the choicest elements of the Commonwealth army and he had at the camp at Batoh about 10–12,000 soldiers and 10–15,000 servants and camp followers. This army was surprised by the combined Cossack-Tatar army, consequently defeated and then capture of Polish soldiers and servants resulted in a wholesale slaughter of the best elements of Commonwealth army and their retinues, the event known asBattle of Batoh. Hetman was killed on 2 June 1652, during the last day of the battle, when trying to escape from the Cossack-Tatars-filled burning Polish camp, in woods some 3 kilometers from the Polish camp. Hetman's severed head was carried around the Cossack-Tatar camps, allegedly by the Nuredin-Sultan himself.
Marcin Kalinowski married princesHelena Korecka,Pogonia coat of arms, with whom he had a sonSamuel Jerzy Kalinowski, who as a young cavalry commanderdied with his father at Batoh.Kalinowski was a large landowner in Podolia and Ukraine, amongst others he was the owner ofTulchyn andcastle at Sidorów, now a ruin.
Voivodes ofChernihiv | ||
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