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| Full name | March Engineering |
|---|---|
| Base | United Kingdom |
| Founder(s) | Max Mosley Alan Rees Graham Coaker Robin Herd |
| Noted drivers |  Chris Amon Jo Siffert Niki Lauda Ronnie Peterson Vittorio Brambilla Henri Pescarolo |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| First entry | 1970 South African Grand Prix |
| Races entered | 205 (195 starts) |
| Engines | Ford,Alfa Romeo,Judd,Ilmor |
| Constructors' Championships | 0 |
| Drivers' Championships | 0 |
| Race victories | 2 |
| Pole positions | 2 |
| Fastest laps | 4 |
| Final entry | 1992 Australian Grand Prix |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
|---|---|
| Entrants | Tyrrell Racing,Frank Williams Racing Cars,Hesketh Racing,Williams, several minor teams and privateers |
| First entry | 1970 South African Grand Prix |
| Last entry | 1992 Australian Grand Prix |
| Races entered | 209 |
| Race victories | 3 |
| Constructors' Championships | 0 |
| Drivers' Championships | 0 |
| Pole positions | 5 |
| Fastest laps | 7 |
March Engineering was aFormula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from the United Kingdom. Although only moderately successful in Grand Prix competition, March racing cars enjoyed much better success in other categories of competition, includingFormula Two,Formula Three,IndyCar andIMSAGTPsportscar racing.
March Engineering began operations in 1969. Its four founders wereMax Mosley,Alan Rees,Graham Coaker andRobin Herd. The company name is an acronym of their initials. They each had a specific area of expertise: Mosley looked after the commercial side, Rees managed the racing team, Coaker oversaw production at the factory inBicester,Oxfordshire, and Herd was the designer.
The history of March is dominated by the conflict between the need for constant development and testing to remain at the peak of competitiveness in F1 and the need to build simple, reliable cars for customers in order to make a profit. Herd's original F1 plan was to build a single-car team aroundJochen Rindt, but Rindt became dismayed at the size of the March programme and elected to continue atTeam Lotus.
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March's launch was unprecedented in its breadth and impact. After building a singleFormula Three car in 1969, March announced that they would be introducing customer cars for F1, F2, F3,Formula Ford andCan-Am in 1970, as well as running works F1, F2 and F3 teams.
The Formula One effort initially looked promising, with March supplying its701 chassis toTyrrell forJackie Stewart. These cars were merely a stopgap for Tyrrell, who no longer had the use ofMatra chassis and were in the process of constructing their own car; March was the only option available given clashing fuel contracts. In addition, the factory ran two team cars forJo Siffert (Porsche were paying for his drive) andChris Amon sponsored bySTP. A third STP car, entered byAndy Granatelli forMario Andretti, appeared on several occasions.Ronnie Peterson appeared in a semi-works car for Colin Crabbe when his worksFormula Two commitments allowed; various other 701s went to privateers. The team constructed ten Formula One chassis that year, in addition toFormula Two, Formula Three, Formula Ford and Can-Am chassis. Stewart gave the March its first Formula One victory, at the1970 Spanish Grand Prix, and both Amon and Stewart took a non-championship race victory, but the works team did not win a Grand Prix. The 701 had distinctive aerofoil-profile fuel tanks at the sides of the car designed by Peter Wright of Specialised Mouldings; Wright had been involved with BRM's abortive ground-effect programme in the late sixties and later worked on the groundbreakingLotus 78. The 701's tanks lacked endplates and skirts to help generate any meaningful ground effect. Herd (in Mike Lawrence's history of the teamFour Guys and a Telephone) described the 701 as essentially a good 1969 car and not what he would have done had he been able to run a small team for a star like Rindt - the 701 was designed and built very quickly and he claims he would have built something more like the 711.
For the1971 Formula One season March Engineering came up with the remarkable 711 chassis, which had aerodynamics byFrank Costin and an ovoid front wing described as theSpitfire (for its shape) or "tea-tray" (for its elevation from the car) wing. The car took no wins, but Peterson finished second on four occasions, ending as runner-up in the World Championship.Alfa Romeo V8 powered cars were occasionally entered, to little avail (following on from an equally unsuccessful Alfa program withMcLaren).[1][2][3][4][5]
The1972 Formula One season completely failed to capitalise on the promise March showed in 1970–71. Three distinct models of the car were used, beginning with the 721, which was a development of the 711. Peterson andNiki Lauda then drove the disappointing experimental 721X factory cars (using an Alfa Romeo transverse gearbox and intended to have a lowpolar-moment, anticipating in some ways the much more successfulTyrrell 005/006 series).Frank Williams ran regular 711 and 721 customer cars forHenri Pescarolo andCarlos Pace. The 721X was deemed to be a disaster and abandoned, but the team saw a way out; customerMike Beuttler and his backers ordered an F1 car, and the team produced the 721G in nine days (theG stood forGuinness Book Of Records as the car was built so quickly) by fitting aCosworth DFV and larger fuel tanks to the 722 F2 chassis (not as desperate an experiment as it may have sounded --John Cannon commissioned aFormula 5000 car which was built to a very similar scheme). The 721G was light and quick, and the works team soon built their own chassis. The 721G set the trend for future March F1 cars, which for the rest of the 1970s were essentially scaled-up F2 chassis. Meanwhile, March was going from strength to strength in Formula Two and Formula Three.
Also, the German teamEifelland entered under its own name a 721 much-modified with distinctive and eccentric bodywork by designerLuigi Colani for its driverRolf Stommelen. This car was extremely unsuccessful, and later reverted mostly to conventional 721 form and was used byJohn Watson to make his F1 debut for John Goldie'sGoldie Hexagon Racing team.
March's only notable result was Peterson's third place in Germany.
1973 was the low point for March in Formula One. The four extant 721Gs were re-bodied and fitted with nose-mounted radiators and the crash-absorbing deformable structures that became mandatory that season; although no new chassis were built, they were re-designated 731s. Without significant STP money, the March factory team was struggling, running an almost unsponsored car forJean-Pierre Jarier (who mainly concentrated on F2, winning the championship in a works March-BMW), whileHesketh bought a car forJames Hunt to race. Jarier was replaced byTom Wheatcroft's driverRoger Williamson, who suffered a fatal accident inZandvoort (at which race March privateerDavid Purley attempted to rescue Williamson from his burning car). The Hesketh team, after an initial non-championship outing using aSurtees, bought a March which was heavily re-developed byHarvey Postlethwaite and became a regular points-scorer, again hinting that there was little wrong with the basic concept of the 721G/731. 1973 marked the first year that F2 became more important to March than F1, with the new two-litre rules heralding the beginning of a long relationship withPaul Rosche at BMW. March undertook to buy a quantity of BMW engines each year in exchange for works units for their own team; the BMW unit was standard-issue for the 732 F2 car and to use up the rest of the units March also manufactured a two-litre prototype until 1975. Some of these had an unusually long life and were still competing (albeit much-modified) in Japan in the early 1980s.
In 1974, the factory team ranHowden Ganley until he left, having signed with Maki as their number-one driver. Then March ranHans-Joachim Stuck in aJägermeister-sponsored car andVittorio Brambilla in aBeta Tools-sponsored car. Both drivers were exuberant and occasionally quick, but proved expensive in terms of accident damage. BMW was starting to exert pressure on March to quit F1 and concentrate on F2.Patrick Depailler took the F2 championship in an Elf-sponsored March-BMW, the marque's last title for several years as the Elf sponsorship programme and (in 1976) the arrival of Renault engines turned the formula into a French benefit. Some discontent arose in the March customer ranks in F2 since the works appeared after the first couple of F2 races with cars that differed significantly from the customer vehicles.
In the following year Brambilla andLella Lombardi made March Engineering history. At the1975 Spanish Grand Prix Lombardi became the first woman to score a championship point in Formula One while Brambilla scored a surprise victory at the1975 Austrian Grand Prix, giving the team its maiden win. (As both races were rain-shortened, all participants received only half of the points). During the same weekend of the Austrian Grand Prix,Mark Donohue died after a practice accident in aPenske-owned March. Penske had abandoned their own car and bought a March to allow them to continue competing. Through the mid-1970s, March provided privateers with simple, fast, and economical cars; at one pointFrank Williams bought an allegedly brand new 761B only to discover that it still had orange paint on it from its time as a 751 with Brambilla driving.[citation needed]
In1976, Peterson, unhappy with the uncompetitive Lotus, left the team early and returned to March for whom he scored the team's second and last win atMonza. The 761 was fast but fragile, with the F2 components starting to show the strain; by this point the F1 effort was being run on a small budget with a two-car works effort featuring Peterson and Brambilla, the cars tending to turn up in different liveries as race-by-race sponsorship deals were signed, and a B-team entered under theMarch Engines banner for Stuck andArturo Merzario. By now the F1 effort as a whole was under fairly severe pressure from BMW, which wanted Herd to concentrate entirely on the works' Formula Two effort, which was starting to be outpaced by French constructors (Martini and Elf) and the newRalt marque.
That year Peterson scored only one other point in 1976 before being brokered back into a deal with Tyrrell for 1977. Although he felt most at home at March, it was clear that the team did not have the resources to do Formula One properly.
In the off-season of 1976–77, March engineer Wayne Eckersley constructed a rear end for the 761 chassis that had four driven wheels (designated theMarch 2-4-0) to Robin Herd's design. Unlike the six-wheeledTyrrell P34, the 2-4-0 had four 16-inch driven wheels at the rear (the same size as the front wheels). The theory behind the design was that this arrangement would offer improved traction and reduced aerodynamic drag (compared to the Tyrrell, which used ultra-small front wheels and normally sized rears). The chassis was tested at Silverstone circuit in early 1977 by both Howden Ganley and Ian Scheckter but the project was curtailed in favour of further development of the conventional chassis. The car made March more profit than many of its successful racing cars as it was licensed byScalextric and became one of their most popular models. The 2-4-0 rear end was later used in hillclimbing by various drivers includingRoy Lane.
A token F1 effort withRothmans sponsorship was run in 1977 forAlex Ribeiro andIan Scheckter, but nothing worthwhile was achieved. Yet, as the works were fading from F1 the 761, by virtue of being cheap, simple and readily available, became the tool of choice for privateers, notablyFrank Williams who after his acrimonious split withWalter Wolf needed a car to get back into racing before his own vehicle was ready.
Merzario later built his own unsuccessful F1 car based on his old 761, which he and Simon Hadfield attempted to develop into aground effect car. This programme was completely unsuccessful.
At the end of the1977 season, the F1 team's assets and FOCA membership were sold toATS (who had bought the Penske cars); Herd was retained by them as a consultant and was hence in the curious position of developing a development of his own 1975 car - and the 1978 ATS had some features reminiscent of contemporary March thinking. Mosley left the company to concentrate onFOCA matters. The F2 car had reached the end of a train of development that had started with the 732 and was becoming seriously uncompetitive; the works team abandoned the evolutionary 772 in favour of a smaller, neater car built around an oldFormula Atlantic monocoque, the 772P. This was more than a match for the Martini opposition and formed the basis of the next year's dominant 782.
From 1978, March concentrated on Formula Two, running the works BMW team. A 781 chassis was occasionally campaigned in the minorAurora F1 series. March also assisted in the production of theGroup 4 andGroup 5, racing versions of theBMW M1 sports car, which as well as running in mainstream endurance races also ran in the one-make Procar series as supporting events in many F1 races. The F2 cars of this era, particularly the 782, were often superb, and March regained its dominance of the formula -Bruno Giacomelli took the F2 title.
Ground effects came to F2 in 1979 but were widely misunderstood; for a while it looked likeRad Dougall in theToleman team's conventional 782 would beat not onlyBrian Henton in Toleman's own car but also March's new 792 to the title. In the end, however,Marc Surer prevailed for the works.
In 1981 March made a half-hearted and ill-financed effort to return to F1, building cars that were little more than heavy and insufficiently stiff copies of the Williams FW07 for Mick Ralph and John McDonald'sRAM Racing. The car was driven initially byEliseo Salazar, but he soon quit forDerek Daly to take over. The team acquired a major sponsorship deal from Rothmans in 1982, but the money came too late for Herd orAdrian Reynard (who was working as chief engineer) to improve the performance of the cars. In 1983, McDonald started building his own cars and March was left outside F1 once more. The RAM-March effort was at armslength from March proper, with the cars being built at a separate factory and the only real link with March beingRobin Herd.
During this phase, March Engines (a separate company within the group) undertook a number of bespoke customer projects - a highly modifiedBMW M1 (which was highly unsuccessful but provided some input into the later GTP/Group C cars) and an equally unsuccessful Indycar (the Orbitor) based around the 792 chassis.
March's attention in the early 1980s was mainly split between F2 and breaking into theIndy car market. It is a curious irony that although March's FW07 copy bombed in Formula One, when developed into the 81C Indycar it was instantly successful (largely down toGeorge Bignotti's direct involvement in developing the car).Cosworth-powered Marches won theIndianapolis 500 five straight times between1983 and1987. The March 86C actually won the race twice in a row,1986-1987. On the other hand, when Williams directly licensed the FW07 design toBobby Hillin, the resultant Longhorn cars were a failure.
An important sideline appeared whenGroup C andIMSA GTP racing started; March built a line of sports-prototypes descended from the unsuccessful BMW M1C, which, fitted withPorsche orChevrolet engines, enjoyed considerable success in America (but less in Europe). The biggest success for March in sportscar racing was victory in the 198424 Hours of Daytona. A worksBMW deal in IMSA suffered from engine problems but the cars were intermittently very fast.
In 1982,Corrado Fabi took March's last Formula Two title; the formula was being increasingly dominated by the worksRalt-Hondas. March abandoned theFormula Three market at the end of the 1981 season; they had enjoyed periods of dominance in the category, but this had faded in favour ofRalt, though. The margins on an F3 car were low and the factory could be more productively occupied building F2s and Indycars.
The newFormula 3000 in 1985 gave March much more success for the first few years of the formula, withChristian Danner being the first champion in a March chassis. He was followed in 1986 byIvan Capelli and in 1987 byStefano Modena. These early F3000s were little more than developments of the 842 F2 car (as were the Japanese F2 cars in 1985–86). In 1986, the86G was modified into theBMW GTP by BMW North America for use in theIMSA GT Championship, but saw little success. Meanwhile, March became by far the dominant marque in Indycar racing, reaching the point where 30 out of 33 starters in theIndianapolis 500 were Marches. Into the late 1980s, the F3000 programme started to be eclipsed byLola andRalt, and was virtually obliterated byReynard Motorsport's entry to the market.
March began a new Formula One program in 1987 with theFord-engined 871 which was sponsored by Japanese real estate companyLeyton House and driven by Ivan Capelli, who had brought his F3000 sponsor to the team (in fact, for the first race an F3000/F1 hybrid called the 87P had to be used as the 871 was not ready). In August 1987,Adrian Newey came to March F1 and designed the March-Judd 881 for Capelli andMaurício Gugelmin to drive. The car was a real success, scoring 22 points in 1988, including a second place at the1988 Portuguese Grand Prix. It was the only normally aspirated car to lead a race in anger (Nigel Mansell in the Willams Judd had led away at the Brazilian Grand Prix after inheriting pole position - although was second by the first corner)[6] - albeit briefly - during the season when Capelli passed the all-powerfulMcLaren-Honda turbo ofAlain Prost on lap 16 during theJapanese Grand Prix (Prost missed a gear out of the chicane which allowed Capelli to lead over the line. Honda power told though as theJuddV8 could not match it for straight line speed). This was the first time since1983 that a naturally-aspirated powered car had led a Grand Prix. The aerodynamics and ultra-slim monocoque of the 881 were copied by most of the grid in 1989 and the car launched Newey as a superstar designer.
In April 1987, March went public. Herd remained the biggest shareholder, and a block of shares was made over to key employees who had stayed with the company through thick and thin. March Group plc was initially valued at £14.5 million. But things were not going well in America, and when the dollar plunged against the pound that market dried up. In other formulae, too, March was no longer flavour of the month. Taken out of the hands of the racers, the company went downhill. The situation was resolved in early 1989 when Akira Akagi's Leyton House bought March Racing, including both the F1 operation and F3000 production facilities, leaving Herd to embark on other ventures.[7]
March concentrated on high-value partnership deals, such asPorsche andAlfa Romeo Indycar (the Porsche deal led to some success; the Alfa project was unsuccessful), consultancy work on thePanther Solo supercar, composites, andwind tunnel businesses. The wind tunnel was a disaster, with the insulation being far too efficient - it was effectively a pressure cooker that generated useless results and this destroyed the competitiveness of various teams that used it, including Lotus. The economic downturn of the late 80s affected March's market severely and the management recognised that they were producing poor customer cars; the logical move was to merge withRalt, with March becoming the brand for industry partnership deals, leaving Ralt to look after the production categories. This duly took place, although the businesses were never efficiently integrated.
The F1 team raced asLeyton House Racing in 1990 and 1991, acquiringIlmor V10 power. The team nearly caused a massive upset at the1990 French Grand Prix with Capelli and Gugelmin capitalising on their superior aerodynamics and smooth race track to attempt the race on a single set of tyres while everyone else stopped for tyres mid-race. Engine problems claimed Gugelmin and slowed Capelli allowing Prost to slip by with three laps left. By the end of 1991, Akagi was immersed in the Fuji Bank scandal and Leyton House withdrew from racing. The team was bought by Ken Marrable, an associate of Akagi, and resumed the name March for the 1992 season but with little funding and results fell far short of expectations. The Leyton House Racing operation closed down as the team (now unconnected to the March group) attempted to assemble a project for the beginning of the 1993 season.
A complex series of buyouts and sales saw the March group (now essentially a financial services outfit) divest itself of its racing interests; after a management buyout, March andRalt were subsequently sold toAndrew Fitton[citation needed] and Steve Ward in the early 1990s. Fitton later wound March up and Ward continued Ralt at a lower level. In the late 1990s the engineering assets of March were sold to Andy Gilberg. This consisted of over 30,000 engineering drawings and design rights for the customer cars, works F1 cars from the 1970s and other projects produced at the Murdock Road facility. These records are currently available to car owners, racing services providers and historians throughwww.marchives.com.
March Racing Organisation Ltd made an application to compete in the2010 Formula One season under the March Racing Organisation banner, in May 2009.[8] The entry was made when a forty-five million Euros budget cap was being considered for Formula One, to allow less well-funded teams to be competitive with the frontrunners. MRO's entry consisted of just the name; with the March team inactive since 1992 a factory and team would have had to be assembled in the eight months before the start of the season.[9]
March's cars generally followed a simple designation scheme in which the first two digits correspond to the year (69–91), and the third digit or letter corresponds to the formula. Some peculiarities emerged, which are documented below. There were some minor exceptions to these rules, for example xx5 designated both some very early Formula B/Atlantic cars, some early F5000s and some early 2-litre sports cars.
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Results achieved by the 'works' March team.
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