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In the Name of God Interim Government of the Islamic Revolution Ministry of Interior Referendum Election Ballot Change of previous regime into Islamic Republic the constitution of which to be approved by the nation.[2] | ||||||||||||||||
  The two-parts ballot of referendum, with the green paper indicating "Yes" and red paper indicating "No"[2] | ||||||||||||||||
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Personal 1st Supreme Leader of Iran | ||
Areferendum on creating an Islamic Republic was held inIran on 30 and 31 March 1979. Political parties such as theNational Democratic Front and theOrganization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas boycotted the referendum.
ThePeople's Mojahedin Organization of Iran, theTudeh Party of Iran, theFreedom Movement of Iran, theNational Front, and theIslamic People's Republican Party, also "objected to the imposition ofKhomeini's choice".[4] According to official results, it was approved by 98.2% of eligible citizens.[3][5] However, votes were color-coded and voting booths were lacking, explaining the unusually high approval rate.[6]
In order to include the Iranian youth who participated in the revolution, thevoting age was lowered from 18 to 16.[3]
Following this, the1906 constitution was declared invalid and anew constitution for an Islamic state was created and ratified byanother referendum in December 1979.
Voters were given a three-part ballot, two of which containing the following statement:
بسمه تعالی دولت موقّت انقلاب اسلامی وزارت کشور تعرفهٔ انتخابات رفراندم تغییر رژیم سابق به جمهوری اسلامی که قانون اساسی آن از تصویب ملّت خواهد گذشت. | In the Name of God Interim Government of the Islamic Revolution Ministry of Interior Referendum Election Ballot Change of previous regime into Islamic Republic the constitution of which to be approved by the nation. |
TheInterim Government of Iran invited a four-man delegation of international jurists fromInternational Association of Democratic Lawyers tomonitor the voting.[13] According toThe Washington Post, polling places lackedvoting booths and the color-coded ballots could clearly be seen by observers, quoting head of the delegation "this is not the way we do things in the West, and it does not meet our criteria of democracy".[14]Sadegh Zibakalam describes the referendum as "free and fair".[15]Michael Axworthy states "there may have been some irregularities in the referendum, but most balanced observers then and since have accepted that whatever the conditions, a referendum at that time with that question would always have given a massive majority for the same result", that is the end of the monarchy.[16]
A huge voter turnout was reported nationwide, except forTurkmen Sahra andIranian Kurdistan, where the referendum was not held in full due to ongoing armed conflicts.[17]
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| For | 20,147,855 | 99.3 |
| Against | 140,996 | 0.7 |
| Valid Votes | 20,288,851 | 100 |
| Source: Nohlenet al[1] | ||
| Choice | Votes |
|---|---|
| Number of Eligible Voters | 20,857,391 |
| Number of Actual Voters | 20,440,108 |
| Voter Turnout | 98% |
| Source: Iran Social Science Data Portal[18] | |
| Province | Votes | Proportion of votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| East Azerbaijan province | 2,001,628 | 5,354 | 99.73% | 0.27% |
| West Azerbaijan province | 640,323 | 5,547 | 99.14% | 0.86% |
| Isfahan province | 1,357,605 | 4,470 | 99.67% | 0.33% |
| Ilam province | 161,942 | 16 | 99.99% | 0.01% |
| Bakhtaran Province | 612,830 | 6,159 | 99.00% | 1.00% |
| Bushehr province | 200,023 | 333 | 99.83% | 0.17% |
| Tehran province | 3,462,449 | 72,980 | 97.94% | 2.06% |
| Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province | 210,936 | 885 | 99.58% | 0.42% |
| Khorasan Province | 1,983,458 | 6,712 | 99.66% | 0.34% |
| Khuzestan province | 1,248,591 | 8,557 | 99.32% | 0.68% |
| Zanjan province | 765,786 | 875 | 99.89% | 0.11% |
| Semnan province | 185,674 | 424 | 99.77% | 0.23% |
| Sistan and Baluchestan province | 314,319 | 1,052 | 99.67% | 0.33% |
| Fars province | 1,224,821 | 5,281 | 99.57% | 0.43% |
| Kordestan Province | 318,360 | 2,570 | 99.20% | 0.80% |
| Kerman province | 651,011 | 1,507 | 99.77% | 0.23% |
| Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province | 159,463 | 254 | 99.84% | 0.16% |
| Gilan province | 810,708 | 7,539 | 99.08% | 0.92% |
| Lorestan province | 643,216 | 821 | 99.87% | 0.13% |
| Mazandaran province | 1,205,501 | 3,871 | 99.68% | 0.32% |
| Markazi province | 771,189 | 1,052 | 99.86% | 0.14% |
| Hormozgan province | 252,791 | 3,842 | 98.50% | 1.50% |
| Hamedan Province | 744,636 | 1,023 | 99.86% | 0.14% |
| Yazd province | 241,024 | 187 | 99.92% | 0.08% |
| Abroad | 118,069 | 12,444 | 90.47% | 9.53% |
| Total | 20,286,353 | 153,755 | 99.25% | 0.75% |
| Source:Ministry of Interior[permanent dead link] | ||||
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