| Manx | |
|---|---|
 A male "riser" Manx | |
| Other names | Manks |
| Common nicknames | Stubbin, rumpy |
| Origin |  Isle of Man |
| Breed standards | |
| CFA | standard |
| FIFe | standard |
| TICA | standard |
| WCF | standard |
| FFE | standard |
| ACF | standard |
| ACFA/CAA | standard |
| CCA-AFC | standard |
| CCC of A | standard |
| CFF | standard |
| GCCF | standard |
| LOOF | standard |
| NZCF | standard |
| SACC | standard |
| Notes | |
Long-haired or semi-long-haired specimens are considered a separate breed, theCymric, in some registries. | |
| Domestic cat (Felis catus) | |
TheManx cat (/ˈmæŋks/, in earlier times often spelledManks) is abreed ofdomestic cat (Felis catus) originating on theIsle of Man, with amutation that shortens thetail. Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head. Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited. Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, theCymric cat.
Manx are prized as skilled hunters, and thus have often been sought by farmers with rodent problems, and been a preferredship's cat breed. They are said to be social, tame and active. Two local terms for the cats on their home island arestubbin (those with a short tail) andrumpy (those with no tail). Manx have been exhibited in cat shows since the 1800s, with the first known breed standard published in 1903.
Tailless cats, then calledstubbin (apparently both singular and plural) in colloquialManx language,[1][2] were known by the early 19th century as cats from theIsle of Man,[3] hencethe name, where they remain a substantial but declining percentage of the local cat population. The taillessness arose as a natural mutation on the island,[4] though folklore persists that tailless domestic cats were brought there by sea.[3] They are descended from mainland stock of obscure origin.[5] Like all house cats, including nearby British and Irish populations, they are ultimately descended from theAfrican wildcat (Felis lybica) and not from nativeEuropean wildcats (Felis silvestris),[6] of which the island has long been devoid.[7]
Thedominant trait of taillessness arises from a spontaneousmutation, the Manx taillessness gene, that eventually became common on the island because of the limitedgenetic diversity ofisland biogeography (an example of thefounder effect and, at the sub-specific level, of thespecies-area curve).[8][9]
In the Manx language, the modern name of the breed iskayt Manninagh, literally 'cat of Mann' (pluralkiyt orkit),[1][2][10][11] orkayt cuttagh lit. 'bob-tailed cat'.[11][12]Kayt, used as both amasculine and feminine noun, is also encountered ascayt,[13] and depending on the exact construction, it may belenited aschayt orgayt.[14]: 138 The diminutive word ispishin orpishyn, 'kitten' (with various plurals).[1]Manx itself was often spelledManks in English well into the late 1800s.[1][7]
There are numerous folktales about the Manx cat, all of them of "relatively recent origin";[15]: 7 they are focused entirely on the lack of a tail, and are devoid of religious, philosophical, or mythical aspects found in the traditionalIrish–Norse folklore of thenative Manx culture, and in legends about cats from other parts of the world.[15]: 7
The name of the promontorySpanish Head on the coast of the island is often thought to have arisen from the local tale of a ship of theSpanish Armada foundering in the area, though there is no evidence to suggest this actually occurred.[16] Folklore has further claimed that a tailless cat swam ashore from saidshipwreck, and thus brought the trait to the island.[17] However, tailless cats are not commonly known in Spain, even if such a shipwreck were proven.[citation needed]
Regardless of thegenetic and historical reality, there are various fancifulLamarckian folktales that seek to explain why the Manx has a truncated tail. In one of them, the biblicalNoah closed the door ofthe Ark when it began to rain, and accidentally cut off the tail of the Manx cat who had almost been left behind.[18] Over the years a number of cartoons have appeared on postcards from theIsle of Man showing scenes in which a cat's tail is being run over and severed by a variety of means including amotorcycle, a reference to motorcycle racingbeing popular on the island,[citation needed] and an update of the Noah story. Because the gene is so dominant and "invades" other breeds when crossed (often without owner knowledge) with the Manx, there was a folk belief that simply being in the proximity of a Manx cat could cause other breeds to somehow produce tailless kittens.[19]
Another genetically impossible account claimed that the Manx was thehybrid offspring of a cat and arabbit, purporting to explain why it has no or little tail, long hind legs and a sometimes hopping gait.[17] The cat-rabbit halfbreed tale has been further reinforced by the more widespread "cabbit" folktale.
Populations of tailless cats also exist in a few other places in Europe, most notablyCornwall,[5] only 250 miles (400 km) from the Isle of Man. A population on the small, isolatedDanish peninsula (former island) ofReersø in theGreat Belt may be due to the arrival on the island of cats of Manx origin, by ship.[20] Similar cats are also found inCrimea,[5] a near-island peninsula in theBlack Sea, though whether they are genetically related to maritime Manx cats or are a coincidentally similar result of insular genetic diversity limitations, like the unrelatedKuril Islands Bobtail,Karelian Bobtail,Japanese Bobtail, and IndonesianLombok cats, is unknown. The Manx gene may be related to the similarly dominant tail suppression gene of the recentAmerican Bobtail breed, but Manx, Japanese Bobtails and other short-tailed cats are not used in its breeding program, and the mutation seems to have appeared in the breed spontaneously.[21] Possible relation to thePixie-bob breed, which also ranges from rumpy to fully tailed, is unknown.
Manx cats have been exhibited incat shows, as a named, distinct breed (and with the modern spelling "Manx"), since the late 1800s. In that era, few shows provided a Manx division, and exhibited specimens were usually entered under the "Any Other Variety" class, where they often could not compete well unless "exceptionally good in size and markings".[19] Early petbreeding andshowing expertCharles Henry Lane, himself the owner of a prize-winning rare white rumpy Manx named Lord Luke, published the first known (albeit informal)breed standard for the Manx in his 1903Rabbits, Cats and Cavies,[19] but noted that already by the time of his writing "if the judge understood the variety" a Manx would be clearly distinguishable from some other tailless cat being exhibited, "as the make of the animal, its movements and its general character are all distinctive."[19] Not all cat experts of the day were favourable toward the breed; inThe Cat: Its Points and Management in Health and Disease, Frank Townend Barton wrote in 1908: "There is nothing whatever to recommend the breed, whilst the loss of the tail in no way enhances its beauty."[5]
The Manx was one of the first breeds recognised by theCat Fanciers' Association (CFA) (the predominant United States–based pedigreed cat registry, founded in 1908), which has records on the breed in North America going back to the 1920s.[22]
Although tail suppression (or tail length variety) is not the sole characteristic feature of the breed,[5] the chief defining one of the Manx cat is its absence of a tail to having a tail of long length, or tail of any length between the two extremes.[23] This is acat body-type mutation of thespine, caused by adominant gene.[24] As with the sometimes-tail-suppressedSchipperke dog andOld English Sheepdog, tail suppression does not "breed true" in Manx cats. Attempting to force the tailless trait to breed true by continually breeding tailless Manx cats to tailless Manx cats has led to increased negative, even fatal genetic disorders(seebelow). Tail length is random throughout a litter of kittens.[25] Manx to non-Manx breeding will usually produce some Manx-type tail varieties in kittens.[19] Whether the shorter tailed kittens of these varieties are labeled Manx is up to the breed standard consulted. Manx cats' tails are classified according to proportional tail length as kittens (the proportion does not change after birth):
Since the early days of breed recognition in the late 19th century,[19] Manxshow cats have been rumpy through stumpy specimens, with stubby and longy Manx not qualifying to be shown except in the "Any Other Variety" or household pet class.[23] Kittens with complete tails may be born in a purebred Manx litter, having not inherited the taillessness appearance at all. Depending on the country and cat organization referenced, rumpy, rumpy risers and stumpies are the only Manx cat tail types that fit the breed standard for Manx cats. The longer cat tail lengths seen in some Manx cats are considered a breed fault, although they occur as naturally in the breed, but not as often, as the shorter tails. Although these longer tail types are of purebred Manx ancestry, they do not possess the dominant gene so cannot pass it on. However, since the Manx tail mutation gene is dominant, these longer-tailed purebred Manx cats may still be used in breeding programs and may even be considered in an effort to help avoid the fatal spinal deformities that sometimes result in tailless Manx cats.
The Manx breed is genetically distinct from theJapanese Bobtail breed, another naturally occurring insular breed. The Japanese Bobtail always has at least some tail, ranging from a small "pom" to a stubby but distinct tail, which is kinked or curled and usually has a slightly bulbous and fluffy appearance; by contrast, the Manx has a straight tail when one is present at all. The Japanese Bobtail has a markedly different appearance from the Manx, and is characterized by almond-shaped eyes, a triangular face, long ears, and lean body, like many other Asian breeds. The gene responsible for the bobbed or kinked tail in that breed isrecessive and unrelated to the dominant Manx tail-suppression gene; the bobtail gene is not connected to any serious deformities, while the tail-suppression gene can, under certain conditions, give rise to a pattern of sometimes lethalhealth problems. ThePixie-bob breed also has a short tail, and may be genetically related to the Manx. More will be clear about tail genetics as more genetic studies are done on cat populations and as DNA testing improves; most domestic animal genetic work has been done with dogs and livestock breeds.
Manx (and other tail-suppressed breeds) do not exhibit problems with balance;[30] balance is controlled primarily by the inner ear. In cats, dogs and other large-bodied mammals, balance involves but is not dependent upon the tail (contrast withrats, for whom the tail is a quite significant portion of their body mass).
Since Manx kittens are naturally born with any tail length, from none to long, it was formerly common to surgicallydock the longer tails a few days after birth. Although illegal in many jurisdictions (including much of Europe), the practice was formerly recommended, although with the caveat that the commonness of the practice meant that many spurious Manx cats – i.e., random British cats – were altered to resemble the Manx, to defraud unwary buyers.[5]
Manx are medium-sized cats, broad-chested with sloping shoulders and flat sides, and in show condition are firmly muscular and lean, neither bulky nor fatty.[19] Lane reported the original, native breed as ranging typically from ten to twelve pounds for males and eight to ten pounds for females, with many smaller examples but only rare ones larger.[19] The hind legs of Manx are notably longer than the fore legs,[5][19] causing the rump to be higher than the shoulder and creating a continuous arch from shoulders to rump giving the cat an overall rounded or humped appearance,[23] though the breed is comparatively long[19] when stretched out. The fore legs are strong and straight.[19] The shape is often described asrabbit-like.[5][17]
Manx cats' heads are rounded in shape, and medium in depth with a long neck.[19] The upright, round-tipped and front-facing ears are largish.[19] The eyes are large, rounded, and prominent,[19] with their outer corners higher than the inner ones.[23] Absent any bloodlines with a dominant alternative eye color (such as blue inSiamese or related ancestry), Manx often have some hue variant of gold eyes,[23] and for show purposes follow the eye colour standards of the same coat colour/pattern in non-Manx short-hairs.[19]
Manx cats exhibit twocoat lengths. Short- or long-haired, all Manx have a thick, double-layered coat. The colour and pattern ranges exhibited should conform to the standards for that type of coat in non-Manx.[19]
The more common short-haired Manx – the original breed – has a coat with a dense, soft, under layer and a longer, coarse outer layer withguard hairs.[23] The overall appearance of the coat is fine, short and lying close to the skin,[19] versus fluffy or voluminous.
The long-haired Manx, known to some cat registries as theCymric, has a silky-textured double coat of medium length, with "breeches" (i.e. a distinct jump in fur length at the hocks giving the appearance of old-fashioned, baggy, knee-length pants[31] ) belly ruff and neck ruff, tufts of fur between the toes and full "ear furnishings" (hairs in ears).[23] The CFA considers the Cymric to be a variety of Manx and judges it in the short-hair division even though it is long-haired,[23] whileThe International Cat Association (TICA) judges it in the long-hair division as a distinct Cymric breed.[32] The long-haired variety is of comparatively recent development. Lane wrote in 1903 that the Manx "to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, does not include any long-haired specimens", in his detailed chapter on the breed.[19]
Regardless of coat length, the colours andcoat patterns occurring in the breed today run the gamut of virtually all breeds due to extensive cross-breeding, though not all registries may accept all coats as qualifying for breeding or show. The most common coats aretabby,tortoiseshell,calico and solid colours.[citation needed] Widely divergent Manx specimens, including even acolour-point, blue-eyed,long-haired variant of evidentHimalayan ancestry, have been celebrated on Isle of Man postage stamps since the 1980s, and recent publications often show marbled and spotted varieties. The original insular stock, however, were of less widespread variation. Lane, having "seen a great many of them" wrote of Manx cats that "[i]t is curious that the colours in this variety seem somewhat limited" and that the breed "does not comprise all the colours usually associated with other short-haired varieties".[19] He reported only very common orange, common orange and white, common cream tabby, uncommon tortoiseshell, and very rare all-white specimens in 1903.[19] Calico and point-coloured are notably absent from this list, as are even today's common colourful tabbies. However, writing in England only five years later, Barton suggested that "the Manx may be of any colour, but probably orange is the most frequently met with."[5]
Specific registries have particular, and differing, standards of points with regard to coloration and patterning. For example, theGoverning Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) classifies the Manx as a variant of theBritish Shorthair (BSH),[33] and thus requires that Manx cats to have one of the coat patterns that would be permissible in the BSH rather than any that is exclusive to a "foreign" type (e.g.point colouration). New Zealand Cat Fancy (NZCF) does likewise for colour and markings, but requires a double-coat and other Manx-specific features that GCCF does not.[34] Some other registries are even more restrictive, while others are more liberal.
Four new, consistent varieties have been developed from the Manx (the original version of which is now sometimes consequently called the Shorthair Manx). These are the Cymric (Longhair Manx), the Isle of Man Shorthair and Isle of Man Longhair, and the Tasman Manx, though only the Cymric has garnered widespread acceptance in breed registries as of 2014[update].
The Cymric or Manx Longhair is a tailless or partially tailed cat of Manx stock, with semi-long to long hair, e.g. as the result of cross-breeding with Himalayan, Persian and other longer-haired breeds early in its development. While its name refers toWales (Cymru), the breed was actually developed inCanada, which has honoured the breed with acommemorative 50-cent coin in 1999.
Simply covering it in their Manx breed standards, the US-basedCat Fanciers' Association (CFA),[35] theCo-ordinating Cat Council of Australia (CCCA),[36] and the UK'sGoverning Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF)[37] recognise the variety as a longer-haired Manx rather than "Cymric" (the CFA[35] and CCCA[36] call it theManx Longhair, while GCCF uses the termSemi-longhair Manx Variant[37]). The majority ofcat registries have explicit Cymric standards (published separately or along with Manx). Of the major registries, only theFeline Federation Europe (FFE) does not recognise the breed or sub-breed at all, under any name, as of October 2014[update] (their Manx standard was last updated 17 May 2004).
Resembling theBritish Shorthair, the Isle of Man Shorthair is essentially a fully tailed Manx cat. That is, it is a cat of Manx stock, with Manx features, but without any expression of the Manx taillessness gene. As of March 2013[update], it is only recognised by New Zealand Cat Fancy (NZCF) with its own breed standard. Any coat colour and pattern acceptable in the British Shorthair is permissible in the IoM Shorthair (the same restriction is applied to the Manx in the NZCF standard), and it requires the double coat of the Manx.[38] In other international registries (e.g. GCCF, who also treat Manx as a British Shorthair variant[33]), such cats are designated "Tailed Manx" and only recognised as Manx breeding stock (they are important as such, since breeding two tailless Manx together results in birth defects), and cannot be show cats.[37]
Essentially a fully tailedCymric cat, i.e., a cat of Cymric (and thus Manx) stock, the Isle of Man Longhair has Cymric features, but without expression of the Manx taillessness gene. As of March 2013[update], it is only recognised as a separate breed by NZCF with a breed standard. Coat colours are limited to those acceptable in the British Shorthair, and requires the double, thick, long coat of the Cymric.[39]
Named afterTasman Sea betweenAustralia andNew Zealand, the Tasman Manx is a tailless or partially tailed Manx cat with a curly-haired coat not unlike that of aSelkirk Rex, due a recessive mutation which arose in Manx litters in both Australia and New Zealand. As of March 2013[update], the breed is only recognised by the NZCF[40] and the Catz Inc. registry[41]: 222–227 (also of New Zealand) with breed standards. The coat may be short or semi-long.
The type arose possibly without existingrex mutation bloodlines (and none of the rex breeds are permitted as out-cross partners with Tasman Manx in Catz breeding guidelines).[41] Depending on length of tail (if any) and coat, kittens may sometimes be termed "Tasman Cymric", "Tasman Isle of Man Shorthair" or "Tasman Isle of Man Longhair", but these are not considered separate breeds. The term "Tasman Rex" has been applied to cats with this gene that do not fall into one of the previously mentioned labels[42] (lacking the Manx face and body shape to qualify), though relation if any to extant Rex mutation breeds is unclear. All of these additional terms beyond "Tasman Manx" appear to be "recognised", even promulgated by NZCF[42] but without breed standards, and even the permissive Catz registry does not include them as of July 2014[update].[41]
TheManx taillessnessgene isdominant and highlypenetrant;kittens from two Manx parents are generally born without any tail. Beinghomozygous for (having two copies of) the gene is usually lethalin utero, resulting inmiscarriage.[8][9] Thus, tailless cats cancarry only one copy of the gene. Because of the danger of having two copies of the taillessness gene, breeders avoid breeding two entirely tailless Manx cats together.[43] Because neither parent carries the tailless allele, a fully tailed Manx bred to another fully tailed Manx results in all fully tailed kittens.
Some partial tails are prone to a form ofarthritis that causes the cat severe pain,[18] and in rare cases Manx-bred kittens are born with kinked short tails because of incomplete growth of the tail duringdevelopment. Stumpy to long tails are sometimesdocked at birth as a preventative measure.
"Manx syndrome" or "Manxness" is acolloquial name given to the condition which results when the tailless gene shortens the spine too much. It can seriously damage thespinal cord and thenerves, causing a form ofspina bifida, as well as problems with thebowels,bladder, anddigestion. Very small bladders are indicative of the disease, and it is often difficult to diagnose. Death can occur quite suddenly, and some live for only 3–4 years; the oldest recorded was a female cat named Pharrah at seven years when affected with the disease. In one report, it was shown to affect about 30% of Manx cats studied, but nearly all of those cases were rumpies, which exhibit the most extremephenotype.[9] Feline expert Roger Tabor has stated: "Only the fact that the Manx is a historic breed stops us being as critical of this dangerous gene as of other more recent selected abnormalities."[44]
The breed is also predisposed to rump foldintertrigo, and tocorneal dystrophy.[45] In a review of over 5,000 cases ofurate urolithiasis the Manx was noticeably under-represented, with an odds ratio of 0.35.[46]
Some tailless cats such as the Manx cats may developmegacolon, which is a recurring condition causing constipation that can be life-threatening to the cat if not properly monitored. It is a condition in which, due to absence of a tail, thesmooth muscle that normally contracts to push stools toward the rectum loses its ability to do so.[citation needed][47]
Following on updated genetic research, both the Australian Cat Federation and (less stringently) the GCCF impose special breeding restrictions on Manx cats (and derived stock like the Cymric), foranimal welfare reasons.[48]
In 2013, prior to initiation of the Manx Cat Genome Project (below), genetic mutations in thebrachyury gene were shown to be responsible for failure of tail development in the Manx cat, as well as four other tailless breeds of cat.[49] Mutations in orthologs of this gene have been shown to cause tail-loss defects in a number of other species, notably the mouse. Mutations in the human version of the brachyury gene are associated with a range of neural tube defects.[50]
To better understand the genetics of the breed, theManx Cat Genome Project (MCGP) was launched in August 2015, as acrowdfunded volunteer project bycomputational biologist Rachel Glover ofDouglas, Isle of Man,[51] to perform the firstwhole genome sequencing of the Manx cat, uncovering thegenetic mutations that make the Manx distinct from other cat populations, and to contribute data to thegenome databases at the99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing Project of theUniversity of Missouri,[52][53][54] and the USNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[55][56] It is the Isle of Man's first gene sequencing programme,[53][55] with samples collected and data analysed by MCGP in the Isle of Man, with the input of scientists around the world,[51] initial sequencing work being performed by the firm Edinburgh Genomics[57] and theUniversity of Edinburgh inScotland[58] and by 99 Lives, and server resources donated by Isle of Man biomedical information technology company ServiceTech.[52]
The project aims to answer four questions:[54]
One desired result of this research is the development of tests that can be used to keep the breed healthy by identifying cats which should not be bred.[59] A minimum of three cats' genes will have to be sequenced to obtain the required genetic data.[58]
After the initial fundraising goal was reached in December 2015,[60] the first cat sequenced was apurebred Manxcalico rumpy named Bonnag, selected because the registry of this dam (breeding female) and her kittens in the BritishGoverning Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) aids controlled study of a specific bloodline.[57] Bonnag's samples were sent for sequencing in April 2016,[57] with raw gene sequence results received by MCGP in August 2016; the laborious process ofgenome assembly has begun, to be followed by comparison with previously collected cat genomic data from 99 Lives, and eventualpeer-reviewed publication of the results in ascientific journal.[61] Fundraising for the second genome to be sequenced by the project began September 2016; costs dropped toUK£1,400 per cat in November 2015,[62] and as of April 2016 dropped to about £1,200,[58][63] using theIllumina HiSeq X Ten sequencer,[62] down from original projections of £10,000[52] before the X Ten was available for non-human sequencing. The dramatic drop in costs allowed the first cat's sequencing to be done well ahead of the original schedule.[58] MCGP has already identified the location of the mutation responsible for suppression of Bonnag's tail, the deletion of a single bit of genetic data among 2.8 billion making up the genome.[58]
The selected second sample is from a kitten that had to be euthanised for Manx syndrome, and it is hoped that this new sequence can identify the genetic specifics of the condition and why it only affects some offspring.[64][65]
Fancier's often describe the Manx as being doglike in behaviour.[66]
These beliefs about the Manx's behaviour were not described in the past.Lane's early and experienced account of the temperament of this "variety, which is quaint and interesting" is simply that they were "docile, good-tempered and sociable", and that a prize specimen should be "an alert, active animal of much power and energetic character."[19]
Manx are prized as hunters,[17] and were thus long in demand for working roles likefarm cat (Manx:lughder orlugher 'mouser', fromlugh 'mouse')[14]: 507 andship's cat. (screeberagh orscreeberey[14]: 138 loosely 'scratcher, scratchy-one', fromscreebagh orscreebey 'scratching, scratchy, scraping').[14]: 662–3
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The Isle of Man uses the Manx cat as one of the symbols of the island nation and its unique culture. OnIsle of Man currency, Manx cats are the subject of the reverse of four special commemorativecrown coins. The first two, issued in 1970 and 1975, are stand-alone releases in both copper-nickel and silver proofs, while the third, in 1988, inaugurated an ongoing series of annual cat coin issues that have also been produced in gold in various sizes; an almost-hidden Manx cat appears in the background on each of the 1989-onward releases featuring other breeds.[67] A Manx, with a kitten, was the featured cat again in 2012.[68]
A Manx cat, in stylizedCeltic knotwork art, also appears on the island's 1980–83 penny. The breed figures on numerousIsle of Man postage stamps, including a 2011 series of six that reproduce the art fromVictorian era Manx cat postcards,[69][70] a 1996 one-stamp decorative sheetlet, one stamp in a 1994 tourism 10-stamp booklet, a 1996 five-stamp series of Manx cats around the world, and a 1989 set of the breed in various coat patterns, plus two high-value definitives of 1983 and 1989. The cat appears prominently as the subject of a large number of tourist goods and Manx pride items available on the island and over the Internet, serving (along with thetriskelion and the four-hornedManx Loaghtan sheep) as an emblem of the Isle of Man.
 | This sectionmay containirrelevant references topopular culture. Please helpimprove it by removing such content and addingcitations toreliable,independent sources.(March 2020) |
TheNorton Manx motorcycle line (1947–1962,Norton Motors Ltd.), though ostensibly named after theIsle of Man TT road race (which the brand dominated for decades, until the 1970s), was long promoted with Manx cat badges, in the forms of both enameled metal pins and sew-on patches. The Manx Norton has experienced a major revival among modern enthusiasts of classic motorcycle racing.
TheMeyers Manx (1964–1971, B. F. Meyers & Co.) is the original, much-copiedVolkswagen Beetle–baseddune buggy, and broke desert racing records shortly after its introduction. It was named after the cat, due to its design – short-bodied, tall-wheeled, and manoeuvrable. The original designer has revived and updated it as the "Manxter" (2000–present, Meyers Manx, Inc.).
A popularflying model aircraft of the late 1950s was the Manx Cat, sold inkit form as the Manx Cat V, and in printed plan form as the Manx Cat I through IV, with progressively larger wings. Designed by Bob Buragas, the hand-launchedbiplane model is constructed ofbalsa wood, features a very short tail (thus the name), has a 32.5 inch wingspan (in versions IV and V), can accommodate .19 to .35 engine sizes, and can be modified with a Dumas Spectrum "combat" wing. It was profiled in hobbyist magazines, like the February 1957Flying Models (which details the history of the different models, including a miniature Manx Kitten version), and the October 1958American Modeler.
AGrimjack comic book story,The Manx Cat, was serialised as a Comicmix.comwebcomic in January 2011, and has since seen print as a six-issue miniseries byIDW Comics. The story involves "The Manx Cat", a statuette of such a cat that at first seems to be a simpleMacGuffin like the classicMaltese Falcon of thenovel and films of that name, but which begins showing malevolent powers. The plot thickens with time travel, reincarnation, andCthulhu Mythos-style "elder gods". Like most modern comics, it features digitally-colored art, over hand-drawn pencil work.
In popular music,Florrie Forde released a 1930 recording of aDan Leno Jr comedicmusic hall song, "What Happened to the Manx Cat's Tail?", as the B-side of "Stein! Stein! Ev'rywhere We Go", on an 8-inch,78 RPM gramophone record (serial number 1430 on theEdison Bell Radio label).[73]
STUB'BIN,s. m. a cat without a tail.
Charles Henry Lane manx.
