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Isotopes of manganese

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Isotopes ofmanganese (₂₅Mn)

Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
⁵²Mn	synth	5.591 d	β⁺	⁵²Cr
⁵³Mn	trace	3.7×10⁶ y	ε	⁵³Cr
⁵⁴Mn	synth	312.081 d	ε	⁵⁴Cr
			β⁻	⁵⁴Fe
			β⁺	⁵⁴Cr
⁵⁵Mn	100%	stable

Standard atomic weightA_r°(Mn)

54.938043±0.000002^[2]
54.938±0.001 (abridged)^[3]

Naturally occurringmanganese (₂₅Mn) is composed of one stableisotope,⁵⁵Mn. Twenty-sevenradioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being⁵³Mn with ahalf-life of 3.7 million years,⁵⁴Mn with a half-life of 312.3 days, and⁵²Mn with a half-life of 5.591 days. All of the remainingradioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 3 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than a minute. This element also has sevenmeta states.

Manganese is part of theiron group of elements, which are thought to be synthesized in largestars shortly beforesupernova explosions.⁵³Mn decays to⁵³Cr with ahalf-life of 3.7 million years. Because of its relatively short half-life,⁵³Mn occurs only in tiny amounts due to the action ofcosmic rays oniron in rocks.^[4] Manganese isotopic contents are typically combined withchromium isotopic contents and have found application inisotope geology andradiometric dating. Mn−Cr isotopic ratios reinforce the evidence from²⁶Al and¹⁰⁷Pd for the early history of theSolar System. Variations in⁵³Cr/⁵²Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from severalmeteorites indicate an initial⁵³Mn/⁵⁵Mn ratio that suggests Mn−Cr isotopic systematics must result from in-situ decay of⁵³Mn in differentiated planetary bodies. Hence⁵³Mn provides additional evidence fornucleosynthetic processes immediately before coalescence of theSolar System.

The isotopes of manganese range from⁴⁶Mn to⁷³Mn. The primarydecay mode before the most abundant stable isotope,⁵⁵Mn, iselectron capture and the primary mode after isbeta decay.

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life	Decay mode ^{[n 4]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 7]}			Half-life	Decay mode ^{[n 4]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
⁴⁶Mn	25	21	45.986669(93)	36.2(4) ms	β⁺,p (57.0%)	⁴⁵V	(4+)
					β⁺ (25%)	⁴⁶Cr
					β⁺, 2p (18%)	⁴⁴Ti
					β⁺,α?	⁴²Ti
⁴⁷Mn	25	22	46.975774(34)	88.0(13) ms	β⁺	⁴⁷Cr	5/2−#
⁴⁷Mn	25	22	46.975774(34)	88.0(13) ms	β⁺, p? (<1.7%)	⁴⁶V	5/2−#
⁴⁸Mn	25	23	47.9685488(72)	158.1(22) ms	β⁺ (99.72%)	⁴⁸Cr	4+
					β⁺, p (0.28%)	⁴⁷V
					β⁺, α (6×10⁻⁴%)	⁴⁴Ti
⁴⁹Mn	25	24	48.9596134(24)	382(7) ms	β⁺	⁴⁹Cr	5/2−
⁵⁰Mn	25	25	49.95423816(12)	283.21(7) ms	β⁺	⁵⁰Cr	0+
^50mMn	225.31(7) keV			1.75(3) min	β⁺	⁵⁰Cr	5+
⁵¹Mn	25	26	50.94820877(33)	45.81(21) min	β⁺	⁵¹Cr	5/2−
⁵²Mn	25	27	51.94555909(14)	5.591(3) d	β⁺	⁵²Cr	6+
^52mMn	377.749(5) keV			21.1(2) min	β⁺ (98.22%)	⁵²Cr	2+
^52mMn	377.749(5) keV			21.1(2) min	IT (1.78%)	⁵²Mn	2+
⁵³Mn	25	28	52.94128750(37)	3.7(4)×10⁶ y	EC	⁵³Cr	7/2−	trace
⁵⁴Mn	25	29	53.9403558(11)	312.081(32) d	EC	⁵⁴Cr	3+
					β⁻ (9.3×10⁻⁵%)	⁵⁴Fe
					β⁺ (1.28×10⁻⁷%)	⁵⁴Cr
⁵⁵Mn	25	30	54.93804304(28)	Stable			5/2−	1.0000
⁵⁶Mn	25	31	55.93890282(31)	2.5789(1) h	β⁻	⁵⁶Fe	3+
⁵⁷Mn	25	32	56.9382859(16)	85.4(18) s	β⁻	⁵⁷Fe	5/2−
⁵⁸Mn	25	33	57.9400666(29)	3.0(1) s	β⁻	⁵⁸Fe	1+
^58mMn	71.77(5) keV			65.4(5) s	β⁻	⁵⁸Fe	4+
^58mMn	71.77(5) keV			65.4(5) s	IT?	⁵⁸Mn	4+
⁵⁹Mn	25	34	58.9403911(25)	4.59(5) s	β⁻	⁵⁹Fe	5/2−
⁶⁰Mn	25	35	59.9431366(25)	280(20) ms	β⁻	⁶⁰Fe	1+
^60mMn	271.90(10) keV			1.77(2) s	β⁻ (88.5%)	⁶⁰Fe	4+
^60mMn	271.90(10) keV			1.77(2) s	IT (11.5%)	⁶⁰Mn	4+
⁶¹Mn	25	36	60.9444525(25)	709(8) ms	β⁻	⁶¹Fe	5/2−
⁶¹Mn	25	36	60.9444525(25)	709(8) ms	β⁻,n?	⁶⁰Fe	5/2−
⁶²Mn	25	37	61.9479074(70)	92(13) ms	β⁻	⁶²Fe	1+
⁶²Mn	25	37	61.9479074(70)	92(13) ms	β⁻, n?	⁶¹Fe	1+
^62mMn^{[n 8]}	343(6) keV			671(5) ms	β⁻	⁶²Fe	4+
					β⁻, n?	⁶¹Fe
					IT?	⁶¹Mn
⁶³Mn	25	38	62.9496647(40)	275(4) ms	β⁻	⁶³Fe	5/2−
⁶³Mn	25	38	62.9496647(40)	275(4) ms	β⁻, n?	⁶²Fe	5/2−
⁶⁴Mn	25	39	63.9538494(38)	88.8(24) ms	β⁻ (97.3%)	⁶⁴Fe	1+
⁶⁴Mn	25	39	63.9538494(38)	88.8(24) ms	β⁻, n (2.7%)	⁶³Fe	1+
^64mMn	174.1(5) keV			439(31) μs	IT	⁶⁴Mn	(4+)
⁶⁵Mn	25	40	64.9560197(40)	91.9(7) ms	β⁻ (92.1%)	⁶⁵Fe	(5/2−)
⁶⁵Mn	25	40	64.9560197(40)	91.9(7) ms	β⁻, n (7.9%)	⁶⁴Fe	(5/2−)
⁶⁶Mn	25	41	65.960547(12)	63.8(9) ms	β⁻ (92.6%)	⁶⁶Fe	(1+)
					β⁻, n (7.4%)	⁶⁵Fe
					β⁻, 2n?	⁶⁴Fe
^66mMn	464.5(4) keV			780(40) μs	IT	⁶⁶Mn	(5−)
^66mMn	464.5(4) keV			780(40) μs	β⁻?	⁶⁶Fe	(5−)
⁶⁷Mn	25	42	66.96395(22)#	46.7(23) ms	β⁻ (90%)	⁶⁷Fe	5/2−#
					β⁻, n (10%)	⁶⁶Fe
					β⁻, 2n?	⁶⁵Fe
⁶⁸Mn	25	43	67.96895(32)#	33.7(15) ms	β⁻ (82%)	⁶⁸Fe	(3)
					β⁻, n (18%)	⁶⁷Fe
					β⁻, 2n?	⁶⁶Fe
⁶⁹Mn	25	44	68.97278(43)#	22.1(16) ms	β⁻ (60%)	⁶⁹Fe	5/2−#
					β⁻, n (40%)	⁶⁸Fe
					β⁻, 2n?	⁶⁷Fe
⁷⁰Mn	25	45	69.97805(54)#	19.9(17) ms	β⁻	⁷⁰Fe	(4,5)
					β⁻, n?	⁶⁹Fe
					β⁻, 2n?	⁶⁸Fe
⁷¹Mn	25	46	70.98216(54)#	16# ms [>400 ns]	β⁻?	⁷¹Fe	5/2-#
					β⁻, n?	⁷⁰Fe
					β⁻, 2n?	⁶⁹Fe
⁷²Mn	25	47	71.98801(64)#	12# ms [>620 ns]	β⁻?	⁷²Fe
					β⁻, n?	⁷¹Fe
					β⁻, 2n?	⁷⁰Fe
⁷³Mn	25	48	72.99281(64)#	12# ms [>410 ns]	β⁻?	⁷³Fe	5/2−#
This table header & footer: view

^^mMn – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^^a ^b# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

References

[edit]

^Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3): 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Manganese".CIAAW. 2017.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^J. Schaefer; et al. (2006). "Terrestrial manganese-53 — A new monitor of Earth surface processes".Earth and Planetary Science Letters.251 (3–4):334–345.Bibcode:2006E&PSL.251..334S.doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.016.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 2.x database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102

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EC:	Electron capture
IT:	Isomeric transition
n:	Neutron emission
p:	Proton emission