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Mamata Banerjee

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
8th Chief Minister of West Bengal since 2011
"Mamata" redirects here. For other uses, seeMamata (disambiguation).

Mamata Banerjee
Official portrait, 2015
Chief Minister of West Bengal
Assumed office
20 May 2011 (2011-05-20)
Governor
Preceded byBuddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Additional ministries
Assumed office
20 May 2011 (2011-05-20)
Ministry and Departments
Preceded byBuddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
Assumed office
3 October 2021 (2021-10-03)
Preceded bySovandeb Chattopadhyay
ConstituencyBhabanipur
Majority58,835[1][2][3]
In office
16 November 2011 (2011-11-16) – 2 May 2021 (2021-05-02)
Preceded bySubrata Bakshi
Succeeded bySovandeb Chattopadhyay
ConstituencyBhabanipur
Majority54,213(2011)[4]
Chairperson of the All India Trinamool Congress
Assumed office
2001 (2001)
Preceded byAjit Kumar Panja
Union Ministry offices
Minister of Railways
In office
22 May 2009 (2009-05-22) – 19 May 2011 (2011-05-19)
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Preceded byLalu Prasad Yadav
Succeeded byDinesh Trivedi
In office
13 October 1999 (1999-10-13) – 15 March 2001 (2001-03-15)
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byRam Naik
Succeeded byNitish Kumar
Minister of Coal
In office
9 January 2004 – 22 May 2004
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byKaria Munda
Succeeded byShibu Soren
Minister of Mines
In office
9 January 2004 – 22 May 2004
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byRamesh Bais (MOS (I/C))
Succeeded byShibu Soren
Minister of Statefor Human Resource Development
In office
1991–1993[5]
Prime MinisterP. V. Narasimha Rao
MinisterArjun Singh
1991—1993Departments in-charge for:
Preceded byBhagey Gobardhan[6][7]
Succeeded by
Cabinet Minister (without portfolio)[8]
In office
8 September 2003 – 8 January 2004[5]
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byN. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Succeeded byNatwar Singh
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office
1991 (1991) – 2011 (2011)
Preceded byBiplab Dasgupta
Succeeded bySubrata Bakshi
ConstituencyKolkata Dakshin,West Bengal
In office
1984 (1984) – 1989 (1989)
Preceded bySomnath Chatterjee
Succeeded byMalini Bhattacharya
ConstituencyJadavpur,West Bengal
Leader of the House ofWest Bengal Legislative Assembly
Personal details
Born (1955-01-05)5 January 1955 (age 70)[9][a]
Political partyAll India Trinamool Congress
(1998–present)
Other political
affiliations
Indian National Congress (1975–1998)
RelationsAbhishek Banerjee (nephew)
Residence(s)30-B, Harish Chatterjee Street,Kolkata
Alma materUniversity of Calcutta
Signature
Nickname(s)Didi (transl. elder sister)
Position Held
  • 1970–80: General-Secretary, Mahila Congress (I), West Bengal
  • 1978–81: Secretary, District Congress Committee (Indira) [D.C.C. (I)],Calcutta South
  • 1984: General-Secretary, All India Youth Congress (I)
  • 1985–87: Member, Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
  • 1987–88: Member, National Council, All India Youth Congress (I)Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home AffairsMember, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Human Resource Development1988Member, Executive Committee, Congress Parliamentary Party [C.P.P. (I)]
  • 1989: Member, Executive Committee, Pradesh Congress Committee [P.C.C. (I)], West Bengal
  • 1990: President, Youth Congress, West Bengal
  • 1993–96: Member, Committee on Home Affairs
  • 1995–96: Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home AffairsMember, Committee on Public Accounts
  • 1996–97: Member, Committee on Home AffairsMember, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs
  • 1998–99: Chairman, Committee on Railways, Member of General Purposes CommitteeMember, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs
  • 1999: Leader, All India Trinamool Congress Parliamentary Party, Lok SabhaMember, General Purposes Committee
  • 2001–2003: Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Industries
  • 8 September 2003 – 8 January 2004: Union Cabinet Minister (without any portfolio)
  • 2004: Member, Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law & Justice
  • 5 August 2006: Member, Committee on Home Affairs
  • 5 August 2007: Member, Committee on Home Affairs
  • 31 May 2009 – 19 July 2011: Leader, All India Trinamool Congress Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha
As of 9 October 2011
Source:[1]
This article is part of
a series about
Mamata Banerjee
Incumbent

Electoral Performance



Early political movements



Chief Ministership


Initiatives


Controversies


Political Slogans

Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video

Mamata Banerjee (Bengali pronunciation:[mɔmot̪abɔnd̪ːopad̪d̪ʱae̯]; born 5 January 1955[a]) is an Indian politician who is serving as the currentchief minister of theIndian state ofWest Bengal since 20 May 2011, the first woman to hold the office. Having served multiple times as aUnion Cabinet Minister, Mamata Banerjee became theChief Minister of West Bengal for the first time in 2011. She founded theAll India Trinamool Congress (AITC or TMC) in 1998 after separating from theIndian National Congress, and became its second chairperson later in 2001. She often refers to herself asDidi (meaning,elder sister inBengali).[13][14]

Banerjee previously served twice asMinister of Railways, the first woman to do so.[15] She is also the second femaleMinister of Coal, andMinister of Human Resource Development,Youth Affairs and Sports,Women and Child Development in thecabinet of theIndian government.[16] She rose to prominence after opposing the erstwhile land acquisition policies forindustrialisation of theCommunist-led government in West Bengal forSpecial Economic Zones at the cost of agriculturalists and farmers atSingur.[17] In2011, Banerjee pulled off a landslide victory for the AITC alliance in West Bengal, defeating the 34-year-oldCommunist Party of India (Marxist)-ledLeft Front government, the world's longest-serving democratically elected communist-led government.[18][19][20]

She served as the member ofWest Bengal Legislative Assembly fromBhabanipur from 2011 to 2021. She contested theNandigram assembly seat and lost to theBJP'sSuvendu Adhikari in the2021 West Bengal Assembly elections,[21][b] though her party won a large majority of seats.[22] She is the third West Bengal Chief Minister to lose an election from her own constituency, afterPrafulla Chandra Sen in 1967 andBuddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2011. Mamata challenged the result of Nandigram Constituency inCalcutta High Court and the matter is sub judice.[23] She led her party to a landslide victory in the 2021 West Bengal assembly polls.[24][25][26] She got elected as member ofWest Bengal Legislative Assembly again fromBhabanipur constituency in the bypoll.[27] India has only two female CMs, Banerjee being one of the Indianfemaleincumbent Chief Ministers.

Early life and education

[edit]

Banerjee was born inCalcutta (now Kolkata),West Bengal, to aBengali Hindu Brahmin family.[28][29] Her parents were Promileswar Banerjee and Gayetri Devi.[30] Banerjee's father, Promileswar, died due to lack of medical treatment, when she was 17.[31]

In 1970, Banerjee completed the higher secondary board examination from Deshbandhu Sishu Sikshalay.[31] She received a bachelor's degree in history fromJogamaya Devi College.[32][33] Later, she earned her master's degree inIslamic history[34] from theUniversity of Calcutta. This was followed by a degree in education fromShri Shikshayatan College and a law degree fromJogesh Chandra Chaudhuri Law College,Kolkata.[35]

In 1984, Mamata Banerjee prefixed her name with ‘Dr’, claiming that she had completed her doctorate. After it came to light that the University (University of East Georgia) from which Banerjee had putatively completed her PhD did not exist, she stopped prefixing her name with the ‘Dr’ title.[36]

Banerjee became involved with politics when she was only 15. While studying at the Jogamaya Devi College, she established Chhatra Parishad Unions, the student wing of theCongress (I) Party, defeating theAll India Democratic Students Organisation affiliated with theSocialist Unity Centre of India (Communist).[31] She continued in the Congress (I) Party in West Bengal, serving in a variety of positions within the party and in other local political organisations.[37]

Early political career, 1984–2011

[edit]

Political career with Congress

[edit]
Mamata Banerjee at Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centre for Human Excellence and Social Sciences, Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata

Banerjee began her political career in theCongress party as a young woman in the 1970s. In 1975 she gained attention in thepress media when she danced on the car of socialist activist and politicianJayaprakash Narayan as a protest against him.[38][39][40] She quickly rose in the ranks of the local Congress group and remained the general secretary ofMahila Congress (Indira), West Bengal, from 1976 to 1980.[41] In the1984 general election, Banerjee became one of India's youngest parliamentarians ever,[42] defeating veteran Communist politicianSomnath Chatterjee, to win theJadavpur parliamentary Constituency in West Bengal. She also became the general secretary of theIndian Youth Congress in 1984. She lost her seat toMalini Bhattacharya of theCommunist Party of India (Marxist) in the1989 general elections in an anti-Congress wave.[43] She was re-elected in the1991 general elections, having settled into theCalcutta South constituency. She retained the Kolkata South seat in the1996,1998,1999,2004 and2009 general elections.[44]

Banerjee was appointed theUnion Minister of State forHuman Resources Development,Youth Affairs and Sports, andWomen and Child Development in 1991 byprime minister,P. V. Narasimha Rao. As the sports minister, she announced that she would resign and protested in a rally at theBrigade Parade Ground in Kolkata, against the Government's indifference towards her proposal to improve sports in the country.[45] She was discharged of her portfolios in 1993. In April 1996, she alleged that Congress was behaving as a stooge of the CPI-M in West Bengal. She said that she was the lone voice of reason and wanted a "clean Congress".[46]

In December 1992, Banerjee took a physically challenged girl Dipali Basak, who was allegedly raped by CPI(M) cadre Souvagya Basak, toWriters' Building to the then Chief MinisterJyoti Basu but was harassed by the police before being arrested and put on detention.[47][48] She had sworn she would enter the building again only as chief minister.[49]

The State Youth Congress led by Mamata Banerjee organised a protest march to Writers' Building in Kolkata on 21 July 1993 against the Communist government of the state. They demanded that voters' ID cards be made the only required document for voting, to put a stop to CPM's "scientific rigging".Thirteen people were shot and killed by police during the protest and many others were injured. Reacting to this incident the then-Chief Minister of West Bengal, Jyoti Basu, said that the "police had done a good job." During the 2014 inquiry, Justice (retired) Sushanta Chatterjee, former Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court, described the police response as "unprovoked and unconstitutional". "The commission has come to the conclusion that the case is even worse thanJallianwala Bagh massacre," said Justice Chatterjee.[50][51][52][53][47]

Founding Trinamool Congress

[edit]
Mamata Banerjee speaking to the elected members and party workers at Bongaon stadium after the West Bengal panchayat elections.

In 1997, due to difference in political views with the thenWest Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee presidentSomendra Nath Mitra, Banerjee left the Congress Party in West Bengal and became one of the founding members of theAll India Trinamool Congress, along withMukul Roy.[54] It quickly became the primary opposition party to the long-standing Communist government in the state. On 11 December 1998, she controversially held aSamajwadi Party MP,Daroga Prasad Saroj, by the collar and dragged him out of the well of the Lok Sabha to prevent him from protesting against theWomen's Reservation Bill.[55]

Railway Minister (first tenure), 1999–2000

[edit]

In 1999, she joined theBJP-ledNational Democratic Alliance (NDA) government and became Railways Minister.[44] In 2000, Banerjee presented her firstRailway Budget. In it, she fulfilled many of her promises to her home state West Bengal.[56] She introduced a new biweekly New Delhi-SealdahRajdhani Express train and four express trains connecting various parts of West Bengal, namely theHowrah-Purulia Rupasi Bangla Express, the Sealdah-New JalpaiguriPadatik Express, theShalimar-Adra Aranyak Express, the Sealdah-Ajmer Ananya Superfast Express, and Sealdah-Amritsar Akal Takht Superfast Express.[56] She also increased the frequency of thePune-HowrahAzad Hind Express and extended at least three express train services. Work on the Digha-Howrah Express service was also hastened during her brief tenure.[57]

She also focused on developing tourism, enabling theDarjeeling Himalayan Railway section to obtain two additional locomotives and proposing theIndian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited. She also commented that India should play a pivotal role in theTrans-Asian Railway and that rail links betweenBangladesh andNepal would be reintroduced. In all, she introduced 19 new trains for the 2000–2001 fiscal year.[57]

In 2000, she andAjit Kumar Panja resigned to protest the hike in petroleum prices,[58] and then withdrew their resignations without providing any reasons.[59]

2001 West Bengal election

[edit]

In early 2001, afterTehelka's exposure ofOperation West End,[60] Banerjee walked out of the NDA cabinet and allied with the Congress Party for West Bengal's 2001 elections, to protest the corruption charges levelled by the website against senior ministers of the government.[61]

Minister of Coal and Mines, January 2004 – May 2004

[edit]
Banerjee assumes the charge of the Minister for Coal and Mines in New Delhi on 9 January 2004

She returned to theNDA government in September 2003 as a cabinet minister without any portfolio.[62] Along with Mamata, her party colleague Sudip Banerjee was also inducted in the Vajpayee ministry.[63] On 9 January 2004 she took charge as Ministry of Coal and Mines.[64] During her short term as the minister of coal and mines, the government disallowed the sale of theNational Aluminium Company.[65] She held theCoal andMines portfolios till 22 May 2004.

2004–2006 election setbacks

[edit]

In Indian general election of 2004 her party aligned with the Bharatiya Janata Party. However, the alliance lost the election and she was the only Trinamool Congress member to be elected from a parliamentary seat from West Bengal.[44][66] Banerjee suffered further setbacks in 2005 when her party lost control of theKolkata Municipal Corporation and the sitting mayorSubrata Mukherjee defected from her party.[67] In 2006, the Trinamool Congress was defeated in West Bengal's Assembly Elections, losing more than half of its sitting members.On 4 August 2006, Banerjee hurled her resignation papers at thedeputy speakerCharanjit Singh Atwal inLok Sabha. She was provoked bySpeaker Somnath Chatterjee's rejection of her adjournment motion on illegal infiltration byBangladeshis in West Bengal[68][69][70] on the grounds that it was not in the proper format.[71][72]

Singur, Nandigram and other movements

[edit]

On 20 October 2005, she protested against the forceful land acquisition and the atrocities perpetrated against local farmers in the name of theindustrial development policy of theBuddhadeb Bhattacharjee government in West Bengal. Benny Santoso,CEO of theIndonesia-based Salim Group, had pledged a large investment in West Bengal, and theWest Bengal government had given him farmland in Howrah, sparking protests. In soaking rain, Banerjee and other Trinamool Congress members stood in front of the Taj Hotel where Santoso had arrived, shut out by the police. Later, she and her supporters followed Santoso's convoy. A planned "black flag" protest was avoided when the government had Santoso arrive three hours ahead of schedule.[73][74]

Singur protest

[edit]
Main article:Tata Nano Singur controversy

In November 2006, Banerjee was forcibly stopped on her way toSingur for a rally against a proposedTata Motors car project. Banerjee reached the West Bengal assembly and protested at the venue. She addressed a press conference at the assembly and announced a 12-hour shutdown by her party on Friday.[75] After being arrested by police earlier in that day "for violating prohibitory orders" near Singur, she alleged that the administration had acted "unconstitutionally" by preventing her from entering Singur where the Tata motors proposed to set up a small car factory. She was intercepted at Hooghly and sent back.[76] After this incident the Trinamool Congress MLAs protested by damaging furniture and microphones and vandalising the West Bengal Legislative Assembly Building.[75][77] A major strike was called on 14 December 2006. But all in all there was no gain. On 4 December, Banerjee began the historic 26-day hunger strike in Kolkata protesting the forcible acquisition of farmland by the government. The then-PresidentA. P. J. Abdul Kalam, who was concerned about her health, spoke to the then-Prime MinisterManmohan Singh to resolve the issue. Kalam also appealed to Banerjee to withdraw her fast as "life is precious". A letter from Manmohan Singh was faxed toGopalkrishna Gandhi, the then-Governor of West Bengal, and then it was immediately delivered to Mamata. After receiving the letter Mamata finally broke her fast at midnight on 29 December.[78][79][80][81] In 2016 theSupreme Court declared that the acquisition of 997 acres of land by West Bengal's Left Front government for the Tata Motors plant in Singur was illegal.[82]

Nandigram protest

[edit]
Main article:Nandigram violence

In 2007 a battalion of armed police stormed the rural area ofNandigram in the district ofPurba Medinipur with the aim of quashing protests against the West Bengal government's plans to expropriate 10,000 acres (40 km2) of land for aSpecial Economic Zone (SEZ) to be developed by the Indonesian-basedSalim Group. At least 14 villagers were shot dead and 70 more were wounded. This led to a large number of intellectuals to protest on the streets.[83][84][85] CPI(M) cadres allegedly molested and raped 300 women and girls during the Nandigram invasions.[86][87]

Banerjee wrote letters to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Union Home MinisterShivraj Patil to stop what she called "state-sponsored violence" promoted by CPI(M) in Nandigram.[88][89] Her political activism during the movement is widely believed to be one of the contributing causes to her landslide victory in2011.

The CBI report on the incident vindicated CPI(M)'s stand that Buddhadeb did not order the police to open fire. They did so only to disperse the unlawful assembly after every other standard operating procedure had failed.[90][91] But supporting the violence in Nandigram by his own party workers, Buddhadeb Bhattacharya had said earlier "They (the oppositions) have been paid back in the same coin."[92][93] There are allegations of involvement of some local TMC leaders in the Nandigram Violence.[94][95][96]

Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal speaking at an event in London.

2009–2011 electoral progress

[edit]

Before the 2009 parliamentary elections she allied with theUnited Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by Indian National Congress. The alliance won 26 seats. Banerjee joined the central cabinet as the railway minister (second tenure). In the 2010 Municipal Elections in West Bengal, TMC won Kolkata Municipal Corporation by a margin of 62 seats. TMC also won Bidhan Nagar Corporation by a seven-seat margin.[97] In 2011, Banerjee won a sweeping majority and assumed the position of chief minister of the state of West Bengal. Her party ended the 34-year rule of the Left Front.

Trinamool Congress performed well in the 2009 parliamentary election, winning 19 seats. Its allies in Congress and SUCI also won six and one seats respectively marking the best performance by any opposition party in West Bengal since the beginning of the Left's regime. Until then, the Congress victory of 16 seats in 1984, was considered their best show in opposition.

Railway Minister (second tenure), 2009–2011

[edit]

In 2009, Mamata Banerjee became the railway minister for the second time. Her focus was again on West Bengal.[98]

Banerjee has sworn again as Cabinet Minister at Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi at 2009.

She ledIndian Railways to introduce a number of non-stopDuronto Express trains connecting large cities[99] as well as a number of other passenger trains,[100] including women-only trains.[101][102][103] The Anantnag-Qadigund segment of theJammu–Baramulla line that had been in the making since 1994[104] was inaugurated during her tenure.[105] She also declared the 25 km (16 mi) long line-1 of theKolkata Metro as an independentzone of the Indian Railways[106] for which she was criticised.[107]

She stepped down asrailway minister to become thechief minister of West Bengal. She commented: "The way I am leaving the railways behind, it will run well. Don't worry, my successor will get all my support."[108] Her nominee from her party,Dinesh Trivedi, succeeded her as railway minister.

Banerjee's tenure as railway minister was subsequently questioned as most of the big-ticket announcements made by her when she held the post, saw little or no progress.[109] Reuters reported that "Her two-year record as railway minister has been heavily criticized for running the network into more debt to pay for populist measures such as more passenger trains."[110] The Indian Railways became loss-making during her two-year tenure.[111]

Chief Minister of West Bengal

[edit]

First term, 2011–16

[edit]
Main article:First Mamata Banerjee ministry
Then United States secretary of State,Hillary Clinton during a meeting with West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee at theWriters', Kolkata on 7 May 2012.
Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal shown at an event inLondon on 27 July 2015.

In2011, the All India Trinamool Congress along withSUCI and the INC won the West Bengal legislative assembly election against the incumbent Left Alliance by securing 227 seats. TMC won 184 seats with the INC winning 42 seats and the SUCI secured one seat. This marked the end of the longest-ruling democratically elected Communist party in the world.[112]

Banerjee was sworn in as chief minister of West Bengal on 20 May 2011.[113] As the first female chief minister of West Bengal,[113] one of her first decisions was to return 400 acres of land to Singur farmers. "The cabinet has decided to return 400 acres to unwilling farmers in Singur," the chief minister said. "I have instructed the department to prepare the papers for this. If Tata-babu (Ratan Tata) wants, he can set up his factory on the remaining 600 acres, otherwise we will see how to go about it."[114]

She has also been credited for setting up of theGorkhaland Territorial Administration.[115]

She began various reforms in the education and health sectors. Some of the reforms in the education sector included the release of teachers' monthly pay on the first of every month[116][117] and quicker pensions for retiring teachers.[118] In the health sector Banerjee promised: "A three-phase developmental system will be taken up to improve the health infrastructure and service."[119] On 30 April 2015, a representative ofUNICEF India congratulated the government for makingNadia the first Open Defecation Free district in the country.[120] In a statement on 17 October 2012, Banerjee attributed the increasing incidence of rape in the country to "more free interaction between men and women". She said that "Earlier if men and women would hold hands, they would get caught by parents and reprimanded but now everything is so open. It's like an open market with open options." She was criticised in the national media for these statements.[121]

She was also instrumental in the rollback of the petrol price hikes[122] and the suspension of FDI in the retail sector until a consensus is evolved.[123] In a bid to improve the law and enforcement situation in West Bengal, police commissioners were created atHowrah,Barrackpore,Durgapur-Asansol andBidhannagar. The total area of Kolkata Municipal Corporation was brought under the control of theKolkata Police.

Mamata Banerjee at the Inaugural Address of 38th International Kolkata Book Fair in 2014.

Banerjee had shown a keen interest in making the public aware of the state's history and culture. She named several stations of the Kolkata Metro after freedom fighters,[124] and plans on naming upcoming stations after religious leaders, poets, singers and the like.[125] Mamata Banerjee has been criticised for starting controversial stipends to imams (Iman Bhatta)[126][127][128] which was ruled unconstitutional byCalcutta High Court.[129][130][131]

Priti Patel, then Minister of State for Employment in Government of United Kingdom, and former Home Secretary of United Kingdom meeting Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister Government of West Bengal in London.

On 16 February 2012,Bill Gates, of theBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, sent a letter to the West Bengal government praising Banerjee and her administration for achieving a full year without any reported cases of polio. The letter said this was not only a milestone for India but also for the whole world.[132]

In June 2012, she launched aFacebook page to rally and gather public support forA.P.J Abdul Kalam, her party's choice for the presidential elections.[133] After he refused to stand for the second time, she supportedPranab Mukherjee for the post, after a long tussle over the issue, commenting she was personally a "great fan" of Mukherjee and wishing that he "grows from strength to strength".[134][135]

She is against callingbandhs (work stoppage) although actively supported them when she was in opposition.[136]

Her tenure was also heavily marred by theSaradha Scam – financial embezzlement which led to the imprisonment ofMadan Mitra – a former minister in her cabinet,Kunal Ghosh – a party MP, and rigorous grilling of several party men holding important posts.

Second term, 2016–2021

[edit]
Main article:Second Mamata Banerjee ministry
Prime Minister Modi, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina and the Chief Minister Banerjee at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on 8 April 2017.
President Kovind during a Foundation Stone laying ceremony at the 64th Annual Convocation of IIT Kharagpur, in West Bengal. The Governor of West Bengal, and the Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee are also seen.

In the2016 assembly elections, All India Trinamool Congress won with a landslide two-thirds majority under Mamata Banerjee winning 211 seats out of total 293,[137] who has been elected as Chief Minister West Bengal for the second term.[138] All India Trinamool Congress won with an enhanced majority contesting alone and became the first ruling party to win without an ally since 1962 in West Bengal.

In 2017Kanyashree, a scheme launched by her government, was ranked the best by theUnited Nations among 552 social sector schemes from across 62 countries.[139]

Third term, 2021–present

[edit]
Main article:Third Mamata Banerjee ministry
Banerjee giving speech atBengal Global Business Summit - 2022 in Kolkata on 20 April.
Banerjee with UNESCO officers Érik Falt and Tim Curtis, during a celebration over the enlistment ofDurga Puja as a intangible cultural heritage, on 1 September 2022.
Minister of Home Affairs,Amit Shah and Mamata Banerjee at the 25th Eastern Zonal Council meeting, inKolkata on 17 December 2022.

In the2021 assembly elections, AITC won with a landslide two-thirds majority. But, Mamata Banerjee who fought fromNandigram lost againstSuvendu Adhikari of theBharatiya Janata Party by 1,956 votes.[140][141][142] Mamata Banerjee however challenged this outcome and the matter is sub judice.[b] As her party won 213 seats out of total 292, she was elected as Chief Minister of West Bengal for the third term. Later at Raj Bhawan, she tendered her resignation toJagdeep Dhankhar.[143] She took oath as Chief Minister on 5 May 2021.[144][145] Her party later won 2 remaining seats and she herself won Bhabanipur by-election by a huge margin of 58,835[1][2][3] votes. She was sworn in as MLA on 7 October.[146][147][148]

After winning the election, following her promises she launched the schemeLakshmir Bhandar. In this scheme women under the age of 60 were provided the basic financial help, about 500 rupees for general and 1000 rupees to minorities.[149] The scheme turned out to be a huge success as it became massively popular.[150]

Another scheme was also projected under her leadership,Students Credit Card scheme, to give financial supports in loan to intellectual students who are unable to keep higher studies due to lack of money. The loan limit was up to 10 lakh rupees, under the nominee of government of West Bengal.[151]

On 30 November 2021, she surpassed her immediate predecessor Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee to become the third-longest-serving Chief Minister of West Bengal. If Mamata remains in office at least till 26 October 2025, she would become the second-longest-serving Chief Minister afterJyoti Basu, supersedingBidhan Chandra Roy and if remains in office till 22 September 2025, she would also be become the second-female-longest-serving Chief Minister afterSheila Dikshit, supersedingJ. Jayalalithaa.

On 18 August 2025, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee launched theShramashree scheme,[152] a rehabilitation initiative aimed at Bengali-speaking migrant workers returning to West Bengal following alleged harassment in certain other states. Under the scheme, each returning worker receives a one-time travel grant of ₹5,000 and a monthly allowance of ₹5,000 for up to one year or until they secure employment. Beneficiaries are also provided withKhadya Sathi ration cards for food security,Swasthya Sathi health insurance, and their children are enrolled in state schools; those without homes are offered accommodation in community kitchens. The scheme further includes skill assessment and training under theUtkarsha Bangla initiative, with job cards issued through theKarmashree scheme. A dedicated online portal and mobile app facilitate registration, and once registered, beneficiaries are issued identity cards to access these services. State outreach camps—Duare Sarkar andAmader Para Amader Samadhan[153](APAS)—have been designated as venues for enrolment and awareness campaigns to encourage participation in the scheme until early November 2025.

Controversies and criticism

[edit]

Saradha Group and Rose Valley financial scandals

[edit]
Main article:Saradha Group financial scandal

The Saradha Group financial scandal and theRose Valley financial scandal came to light during her tenure and her painting being sold to the firms were being scrutinised by law enforcement agencies. One of her paintings was also sold to Sudipto Sen (central figure in theSaradha scam) for1.8crore (equivalent to2.4 crore or US$280,000 in 2023), while 20 more of her pictures were seized from other Saradha Group shareholders.[154][155][156][157][158]During her tenure she challenged the federal system of India when she ordered the arrest ofCBI officials, who arrived in Kolkata to investigate the Saradha Group financial scandal.[159] But CBI's attempted arrest of Kolkata Police Commissioner was also an attack on federalism.[160]

Allegations of Muslim appeasement

[edit]

Mamata Banerjee and her government has been accused of "Muslim appeasement" several times by different groups of people including the opposition political parties.[161][162][163][164] Mamata Banerjee has been criticised for starting controversial stipends to imams (Iman Bhatta).[165][166][167] The stipends were ruled unconstitutional byCalcutta High Court and ordered theWest Bengal government to stop payment of the monthly stipend to thousands of imams and muezzins in the state.[168][169][170] In October 2016, the West Bengal government banned theDurga Puja festival immersion after 4:00 pm. Durga Puja was to take place on 12 October andMuharram on 13 October. This was seen by a section of the West Bengal population as another example of the "Muslim Appeasement" policy of Banerjee's government. TheCalcutta High Court overturned the decision and called it"a bid to appease minorities".[171][172][173]

COVID-19 management

[edit]
Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal

Banerjee and her government was widely criticised of the handling of theCOVID-19 pandemic and was accused of concealing facts by the opposition, critics[174][175][176] and many doctors.[177][verification needed]

The opposition accused Mamata of playing "appeasement politics" amid the COVID-19 crisis. The West Bengal Government has been also criticised for not sending enough samples to theNational Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (NIRBI) for testing.[178][179][180] The government later banned use of cellphones in hospitals.[181]

However, Mamata Banerjee blamed BJP's IT cell for "using fake news to malign West Bengal’s health department".[182][183][184] Many people were arrested for spreading fake news amid lockdown.[185][186] FIR was lodged against a Bengal BJP MP also for raising "false alarm" over COVID-19 deaths in Bengal.[187]

2024 RG Kar Hospital Rape Case

[edit]
Main article:2024 Kolkata rape and murder

Banerjee was widely[188] criticised for therape and murder of a young trainee doctor atR. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital and alleged coverup[189][190] where she was accused[191][192] of trying to protect the now ex-principal Sandip Ghosh[193][194] whose involvement in the incident is being investigated by theCBI.[195]

Sandeshkhali incident

[edit]
Main article:2024 Sandeshkhali violence

In February 2024, several women inSandeshkhali village came forward saying that Trinamool Congress local bloc leader and alleged strongmen Sheikh Shahjahan, Uttam Sardar and Shibu Hazra had been sexually assaulting and raping them. Mamata Bannerjee was accused by theBharatiya Janata Party leaders for keeping silence on the crime and protecting such criminal politicians.[196][197] Furthermore, TMC leaderPartha Bhowmick, who visited Sandeshkhali, claimed that assault allegations were fabricated.[198] Sheikh Shahjahan has been on the run, after Enforcement Directorate officers attempted to arrest him on a corruption case, who wereattacked by his supporters.[199] On 29 February 2024, at around 5:30 am (IST), Shahjahan was arrested by the police fromMinakhan,North 24 Parganas by them.[200]

Personal life and recognitions

[edit]

Throughout her political life, Banerjee has maintained a publicly austere lifestyle, dressing in simple traditional Bengali clothes and avoiding luxuries.[201][202] During an interview in April 2019, Prime ministerNarendra Modi claimed that despite their political differences, Banerjee sends her own selectedkurtas and sweets to him every year.[203]

She identifies herself as aHindu.[204] Banerjee is a self-taught painter and a poet.[205][206] Her 300 paintings were sold for ₹9crore (90 million,£990,000 orUS$1,350,000).[207] In 2012,Time magazine named her as one of the100 Most Influential People in the World.[208]Bloomberg Markets magazine listed her among the50 most influential people in the world of finance in September 2012.[209] In 2018, she was conferred the Skoch Chief Minister of the Year Award.[210] Banerjee stepped out into the streets of Kolkata during lockdown, caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, to spread awareness among the common people.[211][212][213][214][215] While appealing for maintaining religious harmony, Banerjee has reiterated the fact on numerous occasions that"Religion is personal, but festivals are universal."[216][217]

She received an Honorary D.Litt in Literature fromSt. Xavier's University on 6 February 2023[218] and another fromCalcutta University on 12 January 2018.[219][220] She also received an honorary doctorate from theKalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, a Bhubaneshwar-based deemed university.[221]

In 2021, Mamata Banerjee was invited to attendWorld Meeting for Peace inRome.[222][223][224] She was the only Indian invited to attend the event. But in September, theUnion Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) denied her permission to attend the peace conference stating that the event was not "commensurate in status for participation by the chief minister of a state".[225][226][227] BJP MPSubramanian Swamy slammed Modi government on Banerjee's Rome visit cancelation.[228][229][230] According to Indian DiplomatK. P. Fabian, the reason cited by MEA was unconvincing.[231] Similarly, in December, Banerjee was denied permission by the MEA to visitNepal.[232]

TIME magazine published its annual list of 'The 100 Most Influential People of 2021' on 15 September 2021. The list includes Mamata Banerjee among others.[233][234][235]

In popular culture

[edit]
  • Baghini, aBengali film, inspired by Mamata Banerjee's life, was released on 24 May 2019. It is not abiopic.[236][237]
  • Former Trinamool Congress MLA Dipak Kumar Ghosh wrote a controversial book on her personal life,Mamata Bandopadhyayke Jemon Dekhechi.[238] It creates critical response among the Bengali readers.[239] Adefamation case was also filed against Deepak Ghosh but the case has not been resolved yet.[240] The controversial book was banned by an interim order of Civil Judge,Barasat Court on 22 July 2025.[241][242]

Works in literature and other fields

[edit]
Mamata Banerjee at 43rdInternational Kolkata Book Fair with her books in hand

Numerous books written by her have been published so far. In 2022, she was givenPaschimbanga Akademy Award for 'Kabita Bitan' which consists of 946 poems.[243]

She is also a self-taught painter.[244] Her paintings have also been auctioned several times.[245]

She is also a lyricist and her compositions are mostly based on 'Durga Puja' and 'Motherland'. 'Maa Go Tumi Sarbojanin' sung byShreya Ghoshal is one of her most popular songs.[246]

Electoral history

[edit]
Main article:Electoral history of Mamata Banerjee

Lok Sabha

[edit]
YearConstituencyPartyVotes%OpponentOpponent PartyOpponent Votes%ResultMargin%
2009Kolkata DakshinAITC576,04557.19Rabin DebCPI(M)356,47435.39Won219,57121.8
2004Calcutta South393,56151.1295,13238.3Won98,42912.8
1999469,10358.26Subhankar Chakraborty255,09531.68Won214,00826.58
1998503,55159.37Prasanta Kumar Sur279,47032.95Won224,08126.42
1996INC438,25252.5Bharati Mukherjee334,99140.1Won103,26112.4
1991367,89652.46Biplab Dasgupta274,23339.1Won93,66313.36
1989Jadavpur410,28846.67Malini Bhattacharya441,18850.19Lost-30,900-3.52
1984331,61850.87Somnath Chatterjee311,95847.85Won19,6603.02

West Bengal Legislative Assembly elections

[edit]
YearConstituencyPartyVotes%OpponentOpponent PartyOpponent Votes%ResultMargin%
2021Bhabanipur
(by-election)
AITC85,26371.90Priyanka TibrewalBJP26,42822.29Won58,83549.61
2021Nandigram108,80847.64Suvendu Adhikari110,76448.49Lost-1,956-0.85
2016Bhabanipur65,52047.67Deepa DasmunshiINC40,21929.96Won25,30117.71
2011Bhabanipur
(by-election)
73,63577.46Nandini MukherjeeCPI(M)19,42220.43Won54,21357.03

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abOriginal date: 5 October 1959[10][11][12]
  2. ^abFor more details seeNandigram Controversy

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  221. ^"Odisha varsity to confer doctorate on Mamata".Times of India. 12 September 2018.
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Further reading

[edit]
Books
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Portals:
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Preceded by Member of Parliament
forJadavpur

1984–1989
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Preceded by Member of Parliament
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Preceded by Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
fromBhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency

2011
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13 October 1999 – 15 March 2001
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9 January 2004 – 22 May 2004
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26 May 2009 – 26 May 2011
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