Mamamoo (Korean: 마마무; commonly stylized inall caps) is a South Koreangirl group formed and managed byRBW. The group is composed of four members:Solar,Moonbyul,Wheein, andHwasa. Known for their strong live vocals,harmonies, and writing much of their material, they are recognized as one of the premier girl groups inK-pop.[2][3] They are highly regarded in the industry for their talent and ability to cross multiple genres with their music; from retro, jazz, and R&B concepts in their early years[4] to more contemporary hip-hop,[5] as well as emotional ballads.[6][7] Since their debut in 2014, they have been noted for challenging conventional beauty standards, breaking gender stereotypes, and conducting themselves in ways that most typical K-pop stars do not.[8][9][10][11]
Mamamoo officially debuted on June 18, 2014, with their firstextended play (EP)Hello, featuring the lead single "Mr. Ambiguous". Their debut was considered by critics as one of the best K-pop debuts of 2014.[12][13] Mamamoo rose to domestic fame in 2015 with their single "Um Oh Ah Yeah" which became asleeper hit and peaked at number three on South Korea'sGaon Digital Chart. Combined with their many appearances and victories in the popular music competition programImmortal Songs, this launched them into mainstream recognition with the public.[14] Their following release of "You're the Best" (2016) from their debut studio albumMelting, proved to be a commercial success, and dominated at least eight major music sites upon release,[15] further cementing their popularity and growing momentum. In 2017, they made a splash on the international scene with their fifth EP,Purple. Its lead single "Yes I Am," earned them their first number one on theBillboardWorld Albums chart.[16]
The quartet went on to achieve consecutive hits with the high-charting singles "Starry Night" (2018), "Egotistic" (2018), "Gogobebe" (2019), from their"Four Seasons, Four Colors" project whereby every member took turns in becoming the focus for each album.[17] This culminated in their biggest international success to date, "HIP" from their second studio albumReality in Black becoming a number-one hit on theBillboardWorld Digital Song Sales chart.[18] In November 2020, the song was certified platinum by theKorea Music & Content Association (KMCA) for surpassing 100 million streams, making it their third time achieving this feat.[19] They also earned agold certification from theRecording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ), indicating their breakthrough in the Japanese music scene.[20]
The group's name "Mamamoo" is intended to symbolise a baby babbling for the first time. This is because they aim to make music that would be familiar to everyone around the world like the word "mama" that babies would commonly first learn and speak of, as well as the added meaning of approaching their listeners instinctively with their music.[21]
Prior to their official debut, Mamamoo collaborated with several artists. Their first collaboration, titled "Don't Be Happy" withBumkey was released on January 8, 2014.[22][23][unreliable source?] A second collaboration withK.Will titled "Peppermint Chocolate" featuringWheesung was released on February 11, 2014.[24] "Peppermint Chocolate" debuted at number 11 on theGaon Digital Chart in its first week.[25][26] On May 30, 2014, Mamamoo released a collaboration single called "HeeHeeHaHeHo" with rap duoGeeks.[27]
On November 21, 2014, Mamamoo released their second EPPiano Man with the title track of the same name.[33][unreliable source?] The title song peaked at 41 onGaon's Digital chart.[34] By the end of 2014, Mamamoo ranked tenth highest among idol girl groups for digital sales, 19th in album sales, and 11th in overall sales according to Gaon's year-end rankings.[35] On January 10, 2015, Mamamoo performed a rendition ofJoo Hyun-mi's "Wait a Minute" at the singing showImmortal Songs 2, reaching the final round before losing toKim Kyung-ho.[36]
Mamamoo performing in September 2015.
On April 2, 2015, Mamamoo released "Ahh Oop!", the first single of their third EP titledPink Funky.[37] "Ahh Oop!" marks the group's second collaboration with label mateEsna, after she was featured in "Gentleman" on their second EPPiano Man. On June 13, 2015, the group traveled toUlaanbaatar, Mongolia, to perform at an event sponsored by the South Korean Embassy withCrayon Pop andK-Much. The event was a commemorative concert held in honor of the 25th anniversary of diplomatic ties between South Korea and Mongolia.[38][unreliable source?]
On June 19, 2015, Mamamoo released their third EPPink Funky and lead single "Um Oh Ah Yeh". The song was a commercial success, peaking at number three on theGaon Chart, becoming their first top-three single.[39] On August 23, 2015, after promotions concluded, Mamamoo held their first fan meeting, entitled "1st Moo Party", for a total of 1,200 fans at theOlympic Park in Seoul. Tickets for the fan meeting sold out within one minute, so the group added an additional meeting for 1,200 more fans the same night.[40][41] They also held another "Moo Party" in Los Angeles, which took place on October 4, 2015.[42] Mamamoo also collaborated and performed with label mate Basick on the Korean rap survival showShow Me the Money.[43][unreliable source?]
On August 29, 2015, Mamamoo returned toImmortal Song 2 with a rendition ofJo Young-nam's "Delilah".[44][unreliable source?] On October 31, 2015, Mamamoo returned to theImmortal Song 2, singing a rendition of Korean trot singerBae Ho's song "Backwood's Mountain" (두메산골). Their performance earned their first overall win onImmortal Song with 404 points.[45]
Mamamoo at the Korea Sale Festa Opening Ceremony on September 30, 2016.
On January 10, 2016, RBW announced Mamamoo's first solo concert since their debut in 2014. The concert, titled2016 Mamamoo Concert-Moosical, was held on August 13–14, 2016, at theOlympic Hall in Seoul.[46] 7,000 tickets for the concert were sold out in one minute.[47]
On January 26, 2016, Mamamoo pre-released an R&B ballad, "I Miss You", from their first full-length albumMelting.[48] On February 12, 2016, another track, "1cm/Taller than You" was pre-released with a music video. The full album was released on February 26, 2016, debuting at number 3 on theGaon Chart. The title track "You're the Best (넌 is 뭔들)" also debuted at number three but peaked at number one the following week, becoming their first number-one single.[49][50][51][52][unreliable source?]
On March 6, 2016, they received their first music show win with the song "You're the Best" onInkigayo,[53] followed by wins onMusic Bank,[54][unreliable source?]M Countdown,[55][unreliable source?] and other music shows. They received eight wins in total for the single. On March 16, 2016, Mamamoo performed in Austin, Texas atSouth By Southwest's K-Pop Night Out.[56]
On August 31, 2016, Mamamoo released the singles "Angel" and "Dab Dab" as subgroups consisting of vocalists (Solar and Wheein) and rappers (Moonbyul and Hwasa) respectively.[57] On September 21, 2016, Mamamoo released their follow-up digital single "New York" and accompanying music video.[58][59] After wrapping up promotions for "New York" Mamamoo's agency announced that the group will make their comeback on November 7 with their fourth EP,Memory.[60][unreliable source?] The lead single forMemory was announced to be "Décalcomanie".[61][unreliable source?] Shortly afterwards, Mamamoo participated in several year-end award shows, while also featuring in the OST titled "Love" for hit TV showGoblin.[62][unreliable source?]
Mamamoo performing on July 19, 2017.
On January 19, 2017, Mamamoo announced their second solo concert titled2017 Mamamoo Concert Moosical: Curtain Call, which was held on March 3–5, 2017 in Seoul and August 19–20, 2017 in Busan at KBS Busan Hall.[63][64] Following the first show of their March 2017 concert in Seoul, Mamamoo received criticism for performing inblackface when, as part of the concert, they played a video containing the members impersonatingBruno Mars while wearing darker makeup, meant to recreate a snippet of the music video for Mars' "Uptown Funk" (2014).[65] The clip was cut from following concert dates and multiple apologies were promptly issued, including one directly from the members, stating that they were "extremely ignorant of blackface and did not understand the implications of our actions. We will be taking time to understand more about our international fans to ensure this never happens again."[66][67] The group released their fifth EPPurple with the lead single "Yes I Am" on June 22, 2017.[68] The single quickly climbed to the number one spot on theMelon real-time chart.[69] After one day, Mamamoo set the record for the highest number of unique listeners in 24-hours with "Yes I Am" on Melon for a girl group.[70] On June 27, 2017, the song received its first music show win onThe Show, followed by wins onShow Champion,M Countdown, andShow! Music Core.[71][72]Purple also peaked at number one on theBillboard World Albums chart.[73]
2018–2019: Widespread recognition, Japanese debut and member solo debuts
On January 4, 2018, Mamamoo released a pre-release single called "Paint Me" to act as a prelude to their upcoming project series "Four Seasons, Four Colors".[74] The goal of the series is to showcase four mini albums, each combining one color and a matching member's characteristic for each season.[75] The group has stated that they wish to show their depth as artists and present a more mature style with this project.[76]
Mamamoo performing at the Holgabun Festival, May 2018
Mamamoo started off the "Four Seasons, Four Colors" project with the release of their sixth EP,Yellow Flower, on March 7.[77][78]Yellow Flower debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart, becoming their first number-one album since their 2014 debut.[79] The Latin-inspired and dance-pop song "Starry Night" was released alongside the album, with an accompanying music video.[80][81] "Starry Night" debuted and peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart, earning 44.7 million Gaon Index points in its debut week.[82] It also ranked at number six on the mid-year[83] and 13 on the year-end[84] editions of the Gaon Digital Chart, making it the fourth-highest-charting song by a girl group on the latter. The song earned the group their firstmusic recording certification since theGaon Music Chart and Korea Music & Content Association (KMCA) introduced certifications in April 2018; in November 2018, it was certified platinum for 100 million streams, and July 2019, it was certified platinum for 2.5 million paid digital downloads.[85][86]
On July 1, Mamamoo released the single "Rainy Season" as the pre-release single from their upcoming album.[87] "Rainy Season" peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart, behind onlyBlackpink's "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du",[88] and was nominated for Best Female Vocal Performance at the2018 Genie Music Awards.[89] The group released their seventh EP,Red Moon, which serves as the second installment in the "Four Seasons, Four Colors" series, on July 16.[90] The EP debuted and peaked at number three on the Gaon Album Chart, with 38,000 copies sold in July 2018.[91][92] The EP debuted at number four on theBillboard World Albums with 1,000 copies sold, marking their best U.S. sales week,[93] and gave the group their first-ever appearance on theBillboard Heatseekers Albums Chart, entering the chart at number 25.[94] The Latin-pop lead single "Egotistic", released alongside the EP, peaked at number four on the Gaon Digital Chart and theBillboard World Digital Songs Sales chart, earning the group their fifth top-ten entry on the latter chart.[95]
On August 18–19, Mamamoo held their third headlining concert, titled "2018 Mamamoo Concert 4Seasons S/S", at theSK Olympic Handball Gymnasium in Seoul.[96][97] Tickets for the concert were sold out within two minutes of being available for sale.[98]
Mamamoo released their debut Japanese single, the re-recorded Japanese version of their 2016 single "Décalcomanie", on October 3 by Victor Entertainment.[99] The CD and digital releases of the single also include the b-side "You Don't Know Me", a pop track that serves as their first original Japanese song.[100] "Décalcomanie" peaked at number 11 on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart, with over 9,000 copies sold.[101][102] On November 29, the group returned to the Korean-language market, releasing their eighth EPBlue;S, which serves as the third installment of the "Four Seasons, Four Colors" series of albums.[103]Blue;S, which focuses on member Solar, peaked at number seven on the Gaon Album Chart.[104] The lead single "Wind Flower" peaked at number nine on the Gaon Digital Chart.[105] On February 6, 2019, the group released the Japanese version of "Wind Flower", alongside its b-side "Sleep Talk", as their second Japanese-language single.[106] "Wind Flower" peaked at number 16 on the Oricon Singles Chart, selling 7,000 copies.[107]
On March 14, 2019, Mamamoo released their ninth EP, and the fourth and final installment of the "Four Seasons, Four Colors" project,White Wind, on March 14, 2019, with the lead single "Gogobebe".[108][109]White Wind debuted at number one on theGaon Album Chart, selling nearly 60,000 physical copies by April 2019.[110][111] "Gogobebe" also saw commercial success, peaking at number five on theGaon Digital Chart[112] and placing at number 72 on the yearly chart.[113] The song also peaked at number two on both theBillboardKorea K-Pop Hot 100 and BillboardWorld Digital Songs Sales charts.[114][115] On March 27, the group announced their fourth headlining concert, titled "2019 Mamamoo Concert 4Seasons F/W". The concert was held atJangchung Gymnasium in Seoul on April 19–21. The concerts served as a grand finale for Mamamoo's "Four Seasons, Four Colors" project, launched the previous year in order to re-create the group's identity.[116]
On July 24, Mamamoo released a new promotional single titled "Gleam" in collaboration with the brand Davich Eyeglasses.[117] The dance and pop single saw minor success, peaking at number 89 on the Gaon Digital Chart[118] and at number 15 on theBillboard World Digital Songs Sales chart.[95]
In August 2019, Mamamoo was announced to be joiningMnet reality-competition showQueendom as one of six teams. The show is a "comeback battle" between six trending girl group acts in order to "determine the real number one" when all six release their singles at the same time.[119]Queendom premiered on August 26 and ran for ten total episodes, ending on October 31.[120] During the show's finale, the group was crowned the winner ofQueendom, thus earning the prize of a full-length comeback show to be broadcast on Mnet.[121][122][123] As part of the show, Mamamoo released various songs, including a cover of AOA's 2016 hit "Good Luck"[124] and their original finale song "Destiny".[125]
Following theirQueendom victory, Mamamoo released their second full album,Reality in Black, on November 14, 2019, with the lead single "Hip".[126][127]Reality in Black debuted and peaked atop the Gaon Album Chart,[128] while "Hip" peaked at number four on the Digital Chart.[129] "Hip" also debuted at number five on theWorld Digital Songs Sales chart and peaked atop the chart in its second week, giving the group their very first number-one hit on the chart.[130] On February 19, 2020, Mamamoo released their third Japanese song, "Shampoo", as a digital single.[131] The song, along with the Japanese version of "Hip", is included in the Japanese edition ofReality in Black. The Japanese edition of the album was released on March 11[132] and peaked at number 27 on the Oricon Albums Chart with 2,500 copies sold.[133]
In January 2020, an OSEN interview with Kim Do-hoon, the CEO and executive producer of Mamamoo's record labelRBW, was published, in which Kim detailed the trajectory of Mamamoo's career and activities in 2020. He reflected on the successes of Mamamoo's participation onQueendom and their second Korean studio albumReality in Black and confirmed that the members would begin to focus on solo projects, with each member hoping to showcase their individualities that they had previously shown in the "Four Seasons, Four Colors" project series.[134][135]Moonbyul became the first member to release a solo project in 2020, releasing her debut EPDark Side of the Moon on February 14.[136] On April 23, Solar released her debut single "Spit It Out" and its accompanying single album.[137] Following the single's debut at number 12 (and subsequent peak at number six), Mamamoo became the second Korean group in which every member had a solo song chart on theBillboard'sWorld Digital Song Sales chart.[138]
Mamamoo released a promotional single, "Wanna Be Myself," on September 10.[139] The "nostalgic" and "minimalist" music video was released in conjunction with the song itself and gained 3.8 million views in its first 24 hours of being released.[140] The single peaked at number 93 on the Gaon Digital Chart[141] and at number 11 on theBillboard World Digital Songs Sales chart.[115]
Mamamoo performing AYA in 2020
In October 2020, Mamamoo announced their tenth EP, due out in November. "Dingga" (딩가딩가), the first single off of the EP, was pre-released ahead of the album on October 20.[142] The disco-influenced pop song, characterized by themes of isolation and longing in theCOVID-19 pandemic, was described byTeen Vogue as a "fun, chill" dance track accompanied by a "striking, retro-inspired music video to match."[143] Led by a "simply melody line and funky vibes,"[144] the single earned top ten positions in South Korea and on theBillboard World Digital Songs Sales chart,[145][115] and further charted in Singapore and Japan. The full EP, titledTravel, and its second single, "Aya", were released on November 3.[146][147]Travel received mixed receptions for its lack of cohesion,[148] and it peaked at number two on the Gaon Album Chart.[149] The EP broke the group's personal sales records, selling a reported 100,000 copies in its first day and over 128,000 copies in its first week,[150][unreliable source?] and additionally topped iTunes charts in 29 countries.[151][unreliable source?] Described as a "180-degree flip" from the retro-pop style of "Dingga," the second single fromTravel, "Aya," was described by critics as being "alluring" and "captivating"[152][unreliable source?] and peaked within the top 40 of the Gaon Digital Chart.[153]
2021–present: Member contract renewals,WAW, Mamamoo+ unit,Mic On, First world tour and 10th debut anniversary
On January 22, 2021, RBW announced that Solar and Moonbyul had renewed their contracts with their agency, while Wheein and Hwasa were still currently discussing contract renewals.[154] On March 30, Hwasa officially renewed her contract with RBW, with Wheein's contract remaining under discussion. Later on the entertainment RBW also confirmed that Mamamoo will stay together and won't disband.[155] On May 1, Mamamoo held a global virtual concert on live-streaming platform LIVENow, becoming the first South Korean music act to hold a concert on the platform.[156]
Their eleventh EP,WAW, was released on June 2, along with the lead single "Where Are We Now".[157]WAW topped iTunes albums charts in 21 countries worldwide, and it sold over 40,000 domestic copies in its first day of release, according to the Hanteo chart.[158][unreliable source?]
On June 11, RBW announced that Wheein would be leaving the company as she has chosen not to renew her solo contract with the agency. However, she signed a second contract extension to remain as a member of Mamamoo until at least December 2023.[159] Thus, RBW remains responsible for her activities in the group but is no longer involved in her solo endeavors.[160] On August 31, it was revealed that Wheein signed an exclusive solo contract with the agency THEL1VE.[161]
A compilation album, titledI Say Mamamoo: The Best, was released alongside the lead single "Mumumumuch" on September 15.[162] The album peaked at number eight on the Gaon Album Chart.[163] On March 23, 2022, Mamamoo released the Japanese edition ofThe Best.[164]
In August 2022, it was announced that membersSolar andMoonbyul would be forming the group's first official subunit,Mamamoo+, with an expected album release at the end of the month.[165] The duo's debut single "Better" featuring rapperBig Naughty, was released as planned on August 30.[166] After six months, in March 2023, they released thesingle albumAct 1, Scene 1, which includes the songs "GGBB" and "LLL", and on March 21 they released "Chico Malo" (나쁜놈), which mixes rap and traditional Korean instruments likegayageum.[167]
The group released their twelfth EP titledMic On and the lead single "Illella" on October 11, 2022.[168]
From June 16-18, they held encore concerts back in Seoul to close the tour.[172]
As of February 25, 2024[update], the group is no longer listed under RBW's list of artists on their Korean website, despite being featured on a banner at the top of the web page,[173] but still listed on RBW's Japanese website.[174]
On June 26, 2024, Mamamoo uploaded a special video titled "10th Anniversary 'Mama No Plan'" (10주년 맞이 '마마無계획') on their YouTube channel to celebrate their 10th debut anniversary as a group.[175]
On October 30, 2025, RBW confirmed to the media, "Mamamoo is indeed preparing for a full-group comeback, aiming for June next year. Starting in Korea, a world tour is also being planned."[176]
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