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Foreign relations of Malta

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromMalta–Moldova relations)

Afterindependence from theUnited Kingdom in 1964,Malta followed a policy of close co-operation withNATO countries. Since 1971, the country sought relations with the rest of the world, including communist countries in Eastern Europe and the non-aligned countries.

After substantially increased financial contributions from several NATO countries (including the United States), theRoyal Navy remained in theMalta Dockyard until 1979. Following their departure, Malta charted a new course of neutrality and became an active member of theNon-Aligned Movement. The countryjoined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1973 as the thirdEuropean member state afterCyprus andSFR Yugoslavia.[1] Malta is an active participant in theUnited Nations, theCommonwealth, theCouncil of Europe,OSCE, and various other international organisations. In these forums, Malta has frequently expressed its concern for the peace and economic development of theMediterranean region.

On May 1, 2004, Malta withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement and became afull member of theEuropean Union, with which it had an association agreement since 1971. It was one of tennew members which joined on that date. TheMinistry for Foreign Affairs, atPalazzo Parisio, oversees the direction of Maltese foreign policy. The country has close relations with most sovereign countries, with an emphasis on increased trade and foreign direct investment.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Malta maintains diplomatic relations with:[2]

#CountryDate
1Australia21 September 1964[3]
2France21 September 1964[4]
3Italy21 September 1964[5][6]
4United Kingdom21 September 1964[7]
5United States21 September 1964[8][9]
6Canada21 December 1964[10]
7Germany16 February 1965[11][12]
8India10 March 1965[13]
9South Korea30 April 1965[14]
10Libya11 June 1965[15]
11Belgium11 June 1965[16]
12Japan15 July 1965[17]
13Netherlands6 October 1965[18][19]
14Egypt2 November 1965[20]
15Israel1 December 1965[21]
—Holy See15 December 1965[22]
16PakistanJanuary 1966[23]
17  Switzerland25 March 1966[24]
18Greece30 April 1966[25]
—Sovereign Military Order of Malta27 June 1966[26]
19Austria9 November 1966[27]
20Russia26 July 1967[28]
21Turkey10 October 1967[29]
22Tunisia21 December 1967[30]
23Romania7 June 1968[31]
24Spain7 June 1968[32]
25Czech Republic10 July 1968[33]
26Serbia6 January 1969[34]
27Luxembourg28 January 1969[35]
28Norway7 February 1969[36]
29Finland21 February 1969[37]
30Denmark26 March 1969[38]
31Sweden21 June 1969[39]
32Hungary12 December 1970[40]
33Syria1970[41]
34Bulgaria10 September 1971[42]
35Poland23 October 1971[43]
36Iraq3 December 1971[44]
37North Korea20 December 1971[45]
38China31 January 1972[46]
39IranMay 1972[47]
40Cyprus13 September 1972[48]
41Kuwait3 October 1972[49]
42Zambia17 October 1972[50]
43Albania5 March 1973[51]
44United Arab Emirates20 November 1973[52]
45New Zealand23 November 1973[53]
46Sudan27 November 1973[54]
47Vietnam14 January 1974[55]
48Ghana27 February 1974[56]
49Eswatini25 March 1974[57]
50Nigeria24 May 1974[58]
51Jordan4 June 1974[59]
52Bahrain4 November 1974[60]
53Oman4 November 1974[61]
54Morocco18 December 1974[62]
55Algeria22 January 1975[63]
56Argentina29 May 1975[64]
57Qatar18 June 1975[65]
58Brazil23 June 1975[66]
59Lebanon1 July 1975[67]
60Portugal12 July 1975[68]
61Saudi Arabia1 September 1975[69]
62Malaysia8 October 1975[70]
63Uruguay13 October 1975[71]
64Mexico29 October 1975[72]
65Panama19 January 1976[73]
66Guyana12 March 1976[74]
67Gambia21 October 1976[75]
68Senegal2 November 1976[76]
69Yemen24 February 1977[77]
70Cuba11 April 1977[78]
71Peru27 April 1977[79]
72Philippines9 June 1977[80]
73Venezuela17 September 1977[81]
74Mongolia8 August 1979[82]
75NicaraguaAugust 1979[83]
76Indonesia1 December 1979[84]
77Bangladesh20 December 1979[85]
78Ecuador1 January 1980
79Guinea30 March 1980[86]
80Mali1 December 1980[87]
81Ethiopia30 November 1982[88]
82   Nepal25 September 1983[89]
83Thailand17 December 1984
84Maldives5 March 1985
85Colombia31 March 1986[90]
86Brunei15 August 1986[91]
87Bolivia7 July 1987
88Singapore16 May 1988[92]
89Seychelles11 April 1989
90Chile11 December 1989[93]
91Ireland13 June 1990[94]
92Estonia1 January 1992[95]
93Latvia1 January 1992[96]
94Ukraine5 March 1992[97]
95Slovenia29 June 1992[98]
96Croatia30 June 1992[99]
97Slovakia1 January 1993[100]
98Kazakhstan4 February 1993[101]
99South Africa10 February 1993[102]
100Belarus16 February 1993[103]
101Kyrgyzstan19 February 1993[104]
102Turkmenistan25 February 1993[105]
103Uzbekistan25 February 1993[106]
104Georgia26 February 1993[107]
105Armenia7 June 1993[108]
106Lithuania7 February 1994
107Marshall Islands8 February 1994
108Azerbaijan9 January 1995[109]
109San Marino17 July 1995[110]
110Andorra25 July 1995
111Bosnia and Herzegovina14 October 1995[111]
112Guatemala11 December 1995
113Moldova3 July 1996[112]
114Iceland3 July 1998
115Sri Lanka27 January 2000[113]
116Monaco11 April 2001[114]
117Sierra Leone16 October 2001
118Mauritania20 February 2003[115]
119Liechtenstein12 May 2003[116]
120Timor-Leste20 May 2003
121Honduras8 June 2004
122El Salvador9 June 2004
123Paraguay8 July 2004
124Uganda21 July 2004
125Samoa22 July 2004
126Antigua and Barbuda23 July 2004
127Bahamas20 September 2004
128Vanuatu29 September 2004
129Belize1 October 2004
130Jamaica27 October 2004
131Kenya5 November 2004
132Namibia9 December 2004[117]
133Saint Vincent and the Grenadines10 December 2004
134Botswana6 January 2005[118]
135Cambodia13 January 2005[119]
136Dominica11 February 2005[120]
137Mauritius19 May 2005[121]
138Barbados21 October 2005
139Saint Kitts and Nevis25 November 2005[122]
140Tuvalu20 January 2006
141Cameroon27 January 2006
142Lesotho11 April 2006[123]
143Montenegro19 July 2006
144Tonga3 May 2007
145Tajikistan25 September 2007[124]
146Afghanistan8 February 2008
147Burkina Faso8 February 2008
148Togo16 May 2008
149Liberia20 May 2008
150Nauru19 November 2008
151Niger11 December 2008
152Eritrea18 December 2008
153Benin25 March 2009
154Mozambique18 May 2009
155Trinidad and Tobago24 September 2009
156Saint Lucia11 March 2010
157Angola15 June 2010
158Solomon Islands23 December 2010
159Laos13 January 2011
160Republic of the Congo14 February 2011
161Grenada26 May 2011
162Malawi21 July 2011[125]
—Kosovo23 September 2011[126]
163Somalia11 June 2014[127]
164Fiji11 December 2014
165Burundi12 January 2015
166Tanzania11 June 2015
167Ivory Coast6 November 2015[128]
168Cape Verde17 March 2016
169North Macedonia25 January 2017[129]
170Dominican Republic23 February 2017[130]
171Myanmar5 April 2017
172Papua New Guinea6 October 2017[131][132]
—Cook Islands6 October 2017[133]
173Djibouti26 June 2018
174Rwanda12 July 2018
175Palau17 July 2018
176São Tomé and Príncipe24 September 2018
177Federated States of Micronesia25 September 2018
178Madagascar22 September 2021
179Kiribati21 September 2022
180Suriname18 May 2023[134]
181Costa RicaUnknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Multilateral

[edit]
OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
European UnionSee2004 enlargement of the European Union

Malta joined theEuropean Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.

NATOSeeMalta–NATO relations

Malta is not a member ofNATO.

Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Egypt4 November 1965
Gambia21 October 1976

Both countries have a Memorandum on Migration Matters.[137]

Ghana27 February 1974
  • Ghana has a high commission inValletta.
  • Malta has a high commission inAccra.
Lesotho11 April 2006
Libya15 June 1965seeLibya–Malta relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations soon after Malta's independence.
  • Libya has an embassy inBalzan.
  • Malta has an embassy inTripoli.[139]

Malta has enjoyed cordial relations withLibya ever since its Independence. In 1984, a Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation was signed withGaddafi's regime byDom Mintoff. This treaty included a security protocol in which Libyan forces agreed to train and arm their Maltese counterparts. Libya supplied Malta with refinedcrude oil starting in 1975. Libyan nationals did not requirevisas to enter Malta until 2004.

Tunisia20 December 1967
  • Both countries established official diplomatic relations soon after Malta's independence.
  • Malta has an embassy inTunis.[140]
  • Tunisia has an embassy inValletta.
  • Both countries are full members of theUnion for the Mediterranean.
  • Tunisian Foreign Affairs Ministry about relations with Malta
  • Malta andTunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of thecontinental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
  • Maltese andTunisian Arabic are very similar languages. The two countries share very rich historical links.
Uganda21 July 2004

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Argentina28 May 1975
  • Argentina is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Malta is accredited to Argentina from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta and maintains an honorary consulate inBuenos Aires.
Brazil23 June 1975
  • Brazil is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta has an embassy inBrasília.[142]
Canada21 December 1964SeeCanada–Malta relations
Chile11 December 1989

In July 2017, Maltese PresidentMarie-Louise Coleiro Preca paid an official visit to Chile.

  • Chile is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.[142]
Guyana12 March 1976
Mexico29 October 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[146]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines10 December 2004
Trinidad and Tobago24 September 2009
United States21 September 1964SeeMalta–United States relations

Malta and the United States established full diplomatic relations upon Malta's independence in 1964; overall relations are currently active and cordial. The United States has been sympathetic to Malta's campaign to attract private investment, and some firms operating in Malta have U.S. ownership or investment. These include major hotels, manufacturing and repair facilities, and some offices servicing local and regional operations.

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Armenia7 June 1993
  • Armenia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome.
  • Malta is represented in Armenia through its embassy inWarsaw, Poland and has an honorary consulate inYerevan.
China31 January 1972seeChina–Malta relations
Georgia26 February 1993
India10 March 1965seeIndia–Malta relations
  • Malta opened a high commission in New Delhi in 2007.
  • India opened a high commission in Malta at St Venera in early 2018.
  • Both countries are full members of theCommonwealth of Nations.
Iran
  • Iran is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Malta is represented in Iran through a non-resident ambassador based inValletta (in the Foreign Ministry).
Israel1 December 1965
  • Malta has an embassy inTel Aviv.[21]
  • Both countries are full members of theUnion for the Mediterranean.
  • See alsoMaltese Jews.
  • In December 2015, Israel singled Malta and five other EU countries for sanctions because they supported a decision that goods made in Jewish communities in the West Bank and the Golan Heights should be specially marked.[150]
Kyrgyzstan19 February 1993
PakistanJanuary 1966
  • Malta is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Beijing (China) and an honorary consulate inKarachi. Pakistan is represented in Malta through its embassy inTripoli (Libya) and an honorary consulate inMarsa.
  • In 2007, in a meeting in Malta between Pakistani Foreign MinisterKhurshid Mahmud Kasuri and Foreign Minister of MaltaMichael Frendo, the two countries agreed to continue the ongoing cooperation between the two countries in the United Nations and other international forums as well and reviewed bilateral ties with a view to strengthening relations between Pakistan and Malta in all spheres, especially trade and investment.[152] Foreign Minister Kasuri emphasized the need for exchanging trade delegations to exploit true potential for enhancing economic cooperation between the two countries, which are the "gateways" to their respective regions. Dr. Michael Frendo agreed to send an expert delegation to Pakistan to seek opportunities for enhancing bilateral trade relations. Pakistan also sought Malta's support for Pakistan's initiative for equitable market access to the European Union through a Free Trade Agreement or similar mechanism.[153][154] Both countries are full members of theCommonwealth of Nations.
  • In 2002 a Maltese citizen, who was born in Pakistan, was sentenced to seven years in prison in Malta. He was found guilty of kidnapping 11 Pakistani babies that were brought to Malta for adoption.[155] In 2009 it was reported that a Pakistan-based human trafficking ring has set up a successful business in Malta, where Pakistanis seeking illegal entry into mainland Europe are being furnished with new travel documents and transported on to Italy and Spain. It was reported that sources within the Pakistani Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) said that the illegal migration of Pakistanis to Europe was being carried out through Malta, from where the migrants are being transported by ship to Sicily and onward to countries such as Italy and Spain.[156]
Saudi Arabia1 September 1975
  • Malta has an embassy inRiyadh and an honorary consulate inJeddah.[157]
  • Saudi Arabia is represented through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[158]
South KoreaApril 2, 1965[159]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Malta began on April 2, 1965.

  • On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations] in 2015 PresidentPark Geun-hye exchanged celebratory messages with Maltese PresidentMarie Louise Coleiro Preca
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 1,014,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports 514,000,000 US dollars
  • Bilateral Investments(2014):
    • South Korea's investment in Malta was 31,490,000 US dollars
    • Malta's investment in South Korea was 5,883,000,000 US dollars[160]
Tajikistan25 September 2007
Turkey10 October 1967SeeMalta–Turkey relations

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Austria9 November 1966
Belarus16 February 1993
  • Belarus is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[162]
  • Malta is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).[163]
BelgiumJune 1965
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations soon after Malta's independence.
  • Belgium has an honorary consulate inValletta.[164]
  • Malta has an embassy inBrussels and an honorary consulate inAntwerp.[165]
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Bulgaria11 September 1971
  • Bulgaria is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[166]
  • Malta has 2 honorary consulates in Bulgaria (inSofia andVarna).[167]
  • Malta joined theEuropean Union as a full member on May 1, 2004, while Bulgaria joined on January 1, 2007.
Croatia30 June 1992
Cyprus13 September 1972SeeCyprus–Malta relations
Czech Republic10 July 1968 and 1 January 1993
  • The Czech Republic is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome, (Italy) and through an honorary consulate inValletta.[169]
  • Malta is represented in the Czech Republic through a non-resident ambassador based in the Foreign Ministry atValletta.[170]
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Denmark26 March 1969
  • Denmark is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary general consulate inValletta.
  • Malta has 3 honorary consulates inAarhus,Copenhagen andOdense.[171] It formerly was represented by an embassy in Copenhagen, but this closed in 2015 - it is now accredited to the embassy inThe Hague.[172]
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Estonia1 January 1992
Finland21 February 1969SeeFinland–Malta relations
  • Finland is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate inValletta.
  • Malta is represented in Finland through a non-resident ambassador based inValletta (in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and an honorary consulate inHelsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
France21 September 1964
Germany16 February 1965SeeGermany–Malta relations
Greece30 April 1966SeeGreece–Malta relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Valletta.
  • Malta has an embassy in Athens.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Holy See15 December 1965
Hungary12 December 1970
  • Hungary is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome, Italy and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is represented in Hungary through its embassy inVienna,Austria and through an honorary consulate inBudapest.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Iceland3 July 1998

Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 3, 1998.[179]

Ireland13 June 1990
ItalySeeItaly–Malta relations
Kosovo22 September 2011
Lithuania7 February 1994
Luxembourg3 June 1969
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Malta is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Moldova3 July 1996
Netherlands1965SeeMalta–Netherlands relations
North Macedonia25 January 2017

Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 25, 2017.[194]

Poland
  • Malta has an embassy inWarsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Valletta.
  • Both countries became members of theEuropean Union on 1 May 2004.
PortugalNovember 1968SeeMalta–Portugal relations
Romania7 June 1968
  • Malta has an honorary consulate inBucharest.[197]
  • Romania has a non-resident embassy for Malta in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate inValletta.[198]
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
  • Malta joined theEuropean Union as a full member on May 1, 2004, while Romania joined on January 1, 2007.
Russia26 July 1967SeeMalta–Russia relations
Serbia4 June 1968SeeMalta–Serbia relations
  • Malta is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based inValletta (in the Foreign Ministry).[201]
  • Serbia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary consulate inValletta.[202]
  • Malta is an EUmember and Serbia is an EUcandidate.
Slovakia1 January 1993SeeMalta–Slovakia relations
  • Malta is represented in Slovakia through a non-resident ambassador based inValletta (in the Foreign Ministry).[203]
  • Slovakia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate inValletta.[204][205]
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
  • The foreign relations between Malta and Slovakia are not very intensive. Foreign policy of Malta is concentrated rather on cooperation withAlgeria,Tunis,Libya andEgypt. There is, however, 41 years lasting cooperation between those two countries.[206]
  • In 2001 Slovak prime ministerMikuláš Dzurinda visited Malta at the invitation of Maltese premierEdward Fenech Adami, and negotiated the integration of both countries into European Union and economic cooperation between Malta and Slovakia.[207]
  • In 2008 Slovakian agency SARIA signed a treaty of reciprocal assistance related to third-world countries, withMalta Enterprise.[206]
  • Slovak prime minister Robert Fico visited Maltese capitalValletta in 2008.[208]
Slovenia29 June 1992SeeMalta–Slovenia relations
Spain10 October 1968SeeMalta–Spain relations
SwedenJune 1969
Ukraine5 March 1992SeeMalta–Ukraine relations
  • The Maltese embassy in Moscow (Russia) is also accredited as a non-resident embassy to Ukraine.
  • Ukraine is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
United Kingdom21 September 1964SeeMalta–United Kingdom relations

Malta establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 September 1964.[215][failed verification]

The UK governedMalta from 1800 until 1964, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of theCommonwealth, theCouncil of Europe, theInternational Criminal Court, theOSCE, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Bilateral Cooperation Framework,[218] and a Double Taxation Convention.[219]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Australia21 September 1964seeAustralia–Malta relations

Both countries have full embassy level diplomatic relations since 1967. Australia has a High Commission inValletta. Malta has a High Commission inCanberra,[3] 2 Consulates-General (inMelbourne and Sydney[3]), and 4 honorary consulates (inAdelaide,Ascot Vale,Melbourne andPerth).[citation needed]

Maltese presidentEddie Fenech Adami embarked on a state visit to Australia in February 2009, where he met with Governor-GeneralQuentin Bryce and Australian Prime MinisterKevin Rudd. During an official dinner in honour of the Maltese President, Kevin Rudd declared "Australia would not be as complete without Malta".[220] In the same month, Maltese Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs MinisterTonio Borg visited Australia for discussions with Australian foreign ministerStephen Smith, where the commercial relationship between the two countries were discussed, in particular the signing of a contract between aPerth-based shipbuilding company and theMaltese armed forces for the construction and delivery of four inshore patrol craft.[221]

Malta and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

Malta has been a member state of theCommonwealth of Nations since 1964, when it became an independentDominion under the name 'State of Malta'.

Malta became arepublic in the Commonwealth of Nations on December 13, 1974, when the lastGovernor-General of Malta, SirAnthony Mamo became the firstPresident of Malta.

FOSS Membership

[edit]

Malta has been a member ofThe Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.[222]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Bishku, Michael B. (2015). "The Middle Eastern Relations of Cyprus and Malta: From Independence to Nonalignment to the European Union".Mediterranean Quarterly.26 (2):42–62.doi:10.1215/10474552-2914506.S2CID 153673424.
  2. ^"Diplomatic relations between Malta and ..." Retrieved23 May 2023.
  3. ^abcMalta Ministry of Foreign Affairs."Malta High Commission in the Commonwealth of Australia". Government of Malta. Retrieved4 August 2025.
  4. ^"Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"(PDF) (in French). p. 78.Archived(PDF) from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved23 May 2023.
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  7. ^Malta Ministry of Foreign Affairs."Malta High Commission in the United Kingdom". Government of Malta. Retrieved23 May 2025.
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  10. ^Malta Ministry of Foreign Affairs."Malta High Commission in Canada". Government of Malta. Retrieved4 August 2025.
  11. ^Malta Ministry of Foreign Affairs."Embassy of Malta in the Federal Republic of Germany". Government of Malta. Retrieved4 August 2025.
  12. ^Beyer, Tanja; Bonnici, Marlene (16 February 2025)."60 years of German-Maltese diplomacy".Times of Malta. Retrieved4 August 2025.
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  15. ^Malta Ministry of Foreign Affairs."Embassy of Malta in the State of Libya". Government of Malta. Retrieved4 August 2025.
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