Malmö is the site of Sweden's onlyfixed direct link to continental Europe, theÖresund Bridge, completed in 2000. The bridge connects Sweden toDenmark, and carries both road and rail traffic. TheÖresund Region, which includes Malmö andCopenhagen, is home to four million people.[11]
The city was one of the earliest and most-industrialised inScandinavia, and the birthplace of several of Scandinavia's largest industrial groups, such asKockums,Skanska, andScania AB.[12][13] The city has undergone a major transformation in the 21st century, and today, Malmö is characterised by many small and medium-sized companies inbiotech, logistics, IT, construction, and real estate markets.[14] It also is home toMalmö University and other higher education facilities.
Malmö contains many historic buildings and parks, and is a commercial centre for the western part of Scania. It is home toMalmö FF, the Swedishfootball club with the most national championship wins, and the only Nordic club to have reached thefinal of theEuropean Cup.
The city was Sweden's fastest-growing in 2020, and the population increased by 3,800 inhabitants during 2021.[15] As of 2024, almost half the municipal population of Malmö had aforeign background.[16] Malmö is expected to have a population of 500,000 by 2050.[17]
Malmö has amild climate for the latitude and, normally, average high temperatures remain above freezing in winter, with prolonged snow cover being rare.[18][19][20]
The earliest written mention of Malmö as a city dates from 1275.[21] It is thought to have been founded shortly before that date,[21] as a fortifiedquay or ferry berth of the DanishArchbishop of Lund,[22] 20 kilometres (12 miles) to the north-east. Its original name wasMalmhaug (with alternative spellings), meaning "Gravel pile" or "Ore Hill".
In the 15th century, Malmö became one of Denmark's largest and most visited cities, reaching a population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants. It became the most important city around theÖresund, with the GermanHanseatic League frequenting it as amarketplace, and was notable for its flourishingherring fishery. In 1437, KingEric of Pomerania (King of Denmark from 1396 to 1439) granted the city's arms:argent with agriffingules, based on Eric's arms fromPomerania. The griffin's head as a symbol of Malmö extended to the entire province ofSkåne from 1660.
In 1434, a newcitadel was constructed at the beach south of the town. This fortress, known today asMalmöhus, did not take its current form until the mid-16th century. Several other fortifications were constructed, making Malmö Sweden's most fortified city, but only Malmöhus remains.
Lutheran teachings spread during the 16th centuryProtestant Reformation, and Malmö became one of the first cities in Scandinavia to fully convert (1527–1529) to this Protestant denomination.
In the 17th century, Malmö and theSkåneland region came under control of Sweden following theTreaty of Roskilde with Denmark, signed in 1658. Fighting continued, however; in June 1677, 14,000 Danish troops laid siege to Malmö for a month, but were unable to defeat the Swedish troops holding it.
By the dawn of the 18th century, Malmö had about 3,000 inhabitants. However, owing to the wars ofCharles XII of Sweden (reigned 1697–1718) and tobubonic plague epidemics, the population dropped to 1,800 by 1727. The population did not grow much until the modern harbour was constructed in 1775. The city started to expand and the population in 1800 was 4,000. 15 years later, it had increased to 6,000.[23]
Södergatan in 1913
In 1840, Frans Henrik Kockum founded the workshop from which theKockums shipyard eventually developed as one of the largest shipyards in the world. TheSouthern Main Line was built between 1856 and 1864; this enabled Malmö to become a centre of manufacture, with major textile and mechanical industries. In 1870, Malmö overtookNorrköping to become Sweden's third-most populous city, and by 1900 Malmö had strengthened this position with 60,000 inhabitants. Malmö continued to grow through the first half of the 20th century. The population had swiftly increased to 100,000 by 1915 and to 200,000 by 1952.
Malmö, 18 December 1914. All three kings of the Scandinavian countries, on the same balcony.
In 1914 (15 May to 4 October), Malmö hosted theBaltic Exhibition. The large parkPildammsparken was arranged and planted for this large event. The Russian part of the exhibition was never taken down, owing to the outbreak ofWorld War I.
On 18 and 19 December 1914, theThree Kings Meeting was held in Malmö. After a somewhat disturbed period (1905–1914), which included the dissolution of theSwedish-Norwegian Union, KingOscar II was replaced with KingHåkon VII in Norway, who was the younger brother of the Danish KingChristian X. As Oscar died in 1907, and his sonGustav V became the new King of Sweden, the tensions within Scandinavia were still unresolved, but during this historical meeting, the Scandinavian Kings found internal understanding, as well as a common line about remaining neutral in the ongoing war.
Within sports, Malmö has mostly been associated withfootball.IFK Malmö participated in the first edition ofAllsvenskan in 1924–25, but from the mid-1940sMalmö FF started to rise, and ever since it has been one of the most prominent clubs within Swedish football. They have finished first in Allsvenskan (series winners)[note 1] a record 27 times and have been crowned Swedish champions a record 24 times (most recently in 2024).[24][25][26]
By 1971, Malmö's population reached 265,000 inhabitants, but this was the peak which would stand for more than 30 years.[27] (Svedala was, for a few years in the early 1970s, a part of Malmö municipality.)
By the mid-1970s Sweden experienced arecession that hit the industrial sector especially hard; shipyards and manufacturing industries suffered, which led to high unemployment in many cities ofSkåne. Kockums shipyard had become a symbol of Malmö as its largest employer and, when shipbuilding ceased in 1986, confidence in the future of Malmö plummeted among politicians and the public. In addition, many middle-class families moved into one-family houses in surrounding municipalities such asVellinge Municipality,Lomma Municipality andStaffanstorp Municipality, which profiled themselves as the suburbs of the upper-middle class.[28] By 1985, Malmö had lost 37,000 inhabitants and the population was down to 225,500.[29]
TheSwedish financial crises of the early 1990s exacerbated Malmö's decline as an industrial city; between 1990 and 1995 Malmö lost about 27,000 jobs and its economy was seriously strained.[28] In 1994, the city had a financial deficit of 1.3 billionSwedish krona (SEK), the highest financial deficit ever by any municipality in Sweden.[30] However, from 1994 under the leadership of the then mayorIlmar Reepalu, the city of Malmö started to create a new economy as a centre of culture and knowledge. Malmö reached bottom in 1995, but that same year marked the commencement of the massiveÖresund Bridge road, railway and tunnel project, connecting it to Copenhagen and to the rail lines of Europe. The newMalmö University opened in 1998 on Kockums' former dockside.[28]
Further redevelopment of the now disused south-western harbour followed; a city architecture exposition (Bo01) was held in the area in 2001, and its buildings and villas form the core of a new city district. Designed with attractive waterfront vistas, it was intended to attract, and has been successful in attracting, the urban middle-class.[28]
Since 1974, theKockums Crane had been a landmark in Malmö and a symbol of the city's manufacturing industry, but in 2002 it was disassembled and moved to South Korea. In 2005, Malmö gained a new landmark with completion ofTurning Torso, the tallest skyscraper in Scandinavia.[needs update] Although the transformation from a city with its economic base in manufacturing has returned growth to Malmö, the new types of jobs have largely benefited the middle and upper classes.[28]
Malmö is currently growing fast and detailed work is being planned near theMalmö Central Station, in a district called Nyhamnen. Nyhamnen will provide 9,000 new housings, two larger buildings for offices and courts. It is expected to be complete around 2040–2050.[34]
TheMiddle Eastern crisis (2023–present) has had an impact in Malmö, which has a large population with roots inthe region. Following the2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, public celebrations were reported in Malmö, leading to the suspension of cooperation between the Jewish community and the Islamic Academy.[35] DuringEurovision 2024, which was held in Malmö, demonstrations were held in the city againstIsrael's participation.[36]SVT reported in 2024 that Palestinian flags had become more prominent in the cityscape, and a roundabout in Möllevången, previously nicknamed "the drug roundabout," has been renamed by some locals as the "Gaza Roundabout."[35]Antisemitism remains a concern in Malmö, with reported incidents increasing since the conflict began.[37]
Malmö is located at13°00' east and 55°35' north, near the southwestern tip of Sweden, inSkåne County.
The city is part of the transnationalÖresund Region and, since 2000, has been linked by theÖresund Bridge across theÖresund toCopenhagen, Denmark. The bridge opened on 1 July 2000, and measures 8 kilometres (5 miles) (the whole link totalling 16 km), with pylons reaching 204.5 metres (670.9 feet) vertically. Apart from theHelsingborg-Helsingør ferry links further north, most ferry connections have been discontinued.
A view of Malmö from a plane window, August 2015Pildammsparken with the old water tower
Malmö, like the rest of southern Sweden, has anoceanic climate (Cfb). Despite its northern location, the climate is mild compared to other locations at similar latitudes, mainly because of the influence of theGulf Stream and also its westerly position on the Eurasian landmass. Owing to its northern latitude, daylight lasts 17 hours 31 minutes in midsummer, but only around seven hours in midwinter. According to data from 2002 to 2014Falsterbo, to the south of the city, received an annual average of 1,895 hours of sunshine while Lund, to the north, received 1,803 hours. The sunshine data in the weather box is based on the data for Falsterbo.[38]
Summers are mild with average high temperatures of 20 to 23 °C (68 to 73 °F) and lows of around 11 to 13 °C (52 to 55 °F). Heat waves during the summer arise occasionally. Winters are fairly cold and windy, with temperatures steady between −3 and 4 °C (27 and 39 °F), but it rarely drops below −10 °C (14 °F).
Rainfall is light to moderate throughout the year with 169 wet days. Snowfall occurs mainly in December through March, but snow covers do not remain for a long time,[39] and some winters are free of snow.
Climate data for Malmö, 1991–2018; extremes since 1901
Malmö is served by seven railway stations, the main one beingMalmö Central Station. Via theCity Tunnel, Malmö Central is connected toTriangeln andHyllie stations, where all regional and local trains also stop. From Hyllie, the line links to theÖresund line and theÖresund Bridge, connecting Malmö to Copenhagen. The remaining stationsSvågertorp,Persborg,Rosengård andÖstervärn are located on the city's outskirts and are exclusively served by local trains.
Interurban trains calledPågatågen connect Malmö to smaller localities in Scania, such asYstad andTrelleborg. Within Malmö, a service known as the Malmöpendeln operates every 30 minutes on a circular route calling at all stations in Malmö, before continuing to Lomma or Kävlinge. This service started in December 2018 and carried about 600,000 passengers in 2024, a figure which was lower than originally expected.[55][56][57]
TheÖresund Metro is a proposedrapid transit network linking Malmö with the existingCopenhagen Metro through a 22 kilometres (14 miles) tunnel under the Öresund.[58] It is a project that has been proposed since 2012. A metro station can be placed in the Galeonen which is a sub-area located in the far north ofVästra hamnen. The Galeon is the only larger area inVästra hamnen that is not planned yet and Malmö's general plan states that the expansion of the area is expected to take place 2032 to 2041.[59] The connection between Malmö and Copenhagen will take approximately 20 minutes instead of 40 minutes by theÖresund Bridge. The construction cost is estimated at 4 billion euros with a construction period of 6–7 years.[60]
The motorway system has been incorporated with the Öresund Bridge; theEuropean route E20 goes over the bridge and then, together with theEuropean route E6 follows the Swedish west coast from Malmö–Helsingborg to Gothenburg. E6 goes further north along the west coast and throughNorway to the Norwegian townKirkenes atBarents Sea. The European route toJönköping–Stockholm (E4) starts at Helsingborg. Main roads in the directions ofVäxjö–Kalmar,Kristianstad–Karlskrona,Ystad (E65), andTrelleborg start as freeways.
Malmö has 410 kilometres (250 mi) of bike paths; approximately 40% of all commuting is done by bicycle.
Malmö has an extensive network of buses within the city, and is also the destination of many regional bus lines from the rest of Skåne. The bus network replaced thetram network that existed from 1887 to 1973.
Malmö Municipality is an administrative unit defined by geographical borders, consisting of theCity of Malmö[62] and its immediate surroundings.
Malmö (Malmö tätort) consists of the urban part of the municipality together with the small town ofArlöv inBurlöv Municipality. Both municipalities also include smallerurban areas and rural areas, such as the suburbs ofOxie andÅkarp.Malmö tätort is to be distinguished fromMalmö stad (the city of Malmö), which is a semi-official name ofMalmö Municipality.
The leaders in Malmö created a commission for a socially sustainable Malmö in November 2010. The commissions were tasked with providing evidence-based strategies for reducing health inequalities and improve living conditions for all citizens of Malmö, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged and issued its final report in December 2013.[63][non-primary source needed]
Malmö has a young population by Swedish standards, with almost half of the population under the age of 35 (48.2%).[67]
After 1971, Malmö had 265,000 inhabitants, but the population then dropped to 229,000 by 1985.[68] It then began to rise again, and had passed the previous record by the 1 January 2003 census, when it had 265,481 inhabitants.[69] The total population of the urban area was 280,415 in December 2010. On 27 April 2011, the population of Malmö reached the 300,000 mark.[70] In 2017 the total population of the city was 316,588 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 338,230.[71] In 2016 Malmö served as a primary entry point for the majority of migrants heading to Sweden.[72]
Malmö is a diverse city with inhabitants from 179 different nationalities.[73] In 2019, approximately 55.5%, up from 17% in 1986,[74] of the population of Malmö municipality (190,849 residents) had at least one parent born abroad.[75] The statistics from 2020 show that 120,517 are foreign born, 43,740 are born in Sweden and have two foreign parents, 30,878 are born in Sweden with one Swedish parent and one foreign parent and 152,813 are born with two Swedish parents. The Middle East,Horn of Africa, former Yugoslavia andDenmark are the main sources of immigration.[76][77]
Greater Malmö is one of Sweden's three officially recognized metropolitan areas (storstadsområden) and since 2005 is defined as the municipality of Malmö and 11 other municipalities in the southwestern corner of Skåne County.[78] As of 2024[update], its population was recorded as 780,035.[79] The region covers an area of 2,522 square kilometres (974 sq mi).[1] The municipalities included, apart from Malmö, areBurlöv,Eslöv,Höör,Kävlinge,Lomma,Lund,Skurup,Staffanstorp,Svedala,Trelleborg andVellinge. Together with Lund, Malmö is the region's economic and education hub.
In Malmö, as in the rest of Sweden, there are no official statistics on religious beliefs, however some institutions share figures on their membership.[80]
The largest religion in Malmö is Christianity and theChurch of Sweden has the largest membership base, with a total of 125,697 in 2019, corresponding to 36% of its population.[81] There are severalCatholic communities in Malmö, one being theChurch of Our Saviour with 7,500 members.[82]
Islam is the second-largest religion, as approximately 50,000 or 14% of the city's inhabitants have a Muslim background, according to Malmö's Islamic Center.[83] Furthermore, school absenteeism duringEid al-Fitr has ranged from one third of pupils in 2024 to one quarter in 2025, compared to 8% during the average school day.[84][85]Malmö Mosque was opened in 1984 and is managed by the Islamic Center.[83]Mahmood Mosque opened in 2016, and serves theAhmadiyya community.[86]
Malmö has one synagogue,Malmö Synagogue, and two congregations: oneorthodox and one egalitarian.[87] The Jewish community has a membership of 500.[88]
SCB Malmo taxable income per citizen as percentage of national average 1995 2016
In 2022, Malmö’sgross regional product (GRP) amounted to 240.2 billionSwedish krona (SEK). This represents a 54.7% increase in real terms since 2016, well above the growth rates for bothScania (36.2%) and Sweden (33.2%). GRP per capita was 671,991 SEK, higher than the regional and national averages. As of 2023, the city's largest employment sectors arebusiness services (35,710 employees) healthcare and social services (28,956) and motor vehicle services (26,029). Other large sectors includeeducation, information and communications, andpublic administration.[89]
The economy of Malmö was traditionally based onshipbuilding andmanufacturing, with theKockums shipyard as its largest employer. A recession between 1973 and 1975 brought prolonged stagnation, leading to high unemployment and population decline, while Kockums shipyard's closure in 1986 further deepened the crisis. During theSwedish financial crisis in the early 1990s, conditions worsened further, leading to a loss of 27,000 jobs. From the mid-1990s, Malmö began recovering as it shifted towards education, services, and urban redevelopment. Notably, theÖresund Bridge, built between 1995 and 2000, allowed for deeper economic integration withDenmark.[28]
Employment in Malmö has grown steadily since the mid-1990s, supported by population growth and redevelopment and as of 2022, 209,678 people had their workplace in the city.[28][89][90] Malmö functions as a regional employment hub, with 82,248 peoplecommuting in for work, compared to 47,760 commuting out.[90] Nonetheless, unemployment has remained high since the 2010s, amid fast population growth, and as of July 2025 it stood at 12.3%, the second highest rate in Sweden.[89][91]
Entrepreneurship in Malmö is relatively high compared with the national average. In 2024, the city saw 12.6 new companies per 1,000 inhabitants aged 16–64, compared with 11.1 in Scania and 10.9 in Sweden.[89]
Since the early 2000s, Malmö has attracted a growing number of companies opening offices or relocating operations to the city. Over 70 large and medium-sized firms have establishedheadquarters or regional offices, often moving from smaller towns in southern Sweden. Key factors include proximity toCopenhagen Airport, access to a larger pool of skilled workers and availability of modern office space in districts such asHyllie andVästra hamnen.[92] Among the largest relocations are three companies founded byIngvar Kamprad:Inter IKEA,Ingka andIkano Bank, which collectively employ over 4,200 people in Malmö.[93]
Malmö has the country's ninth-largest school of higher education,Malmö University, established in 1998. It has 1,600 employees and 24,000 students (2014).
In addition nearbyLund University (established in 1666) has some educational facilities located in Malmö:
The Faculty of Medicine, which is located in both Malmö andLund.
The United NationsWorld Maritime University is also located in Malmö. The World Maritime University (WMU)[94] operates under the auspices of theInternational Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialized agency of the United Nations. WMU thus enjoys the status, privileges and immunities of a UN institution in Sweden.
In 1944, Malmö Stadsteater (Malmö Municipal Theatre) was established with a repertoire comprising stage theatre, opera, musical, ballet, musical recitals and experimental theatre. In 1993 it was split into three units, Dramatiska Teater (Dramatical Theatre), Malmö Musikteater (Music Theatre) and Skånes Dansteater (Skåne Dance Theatre) and the name was abandoned. The ownership of the last two were transferred toRegion Skåne in 2006 Dramatiska Teatern regained its old name. In the 1950sIngmar Bergman was the Director and Chief Stage Director of Malmö Stadsteater and many of his actors, likeMax von Sydow andIngrid Thulin became known through his films. Later stage directors includeStaffan Valdemar Holm andGöran Stangertz.[98] Malmö Musikteater were renamedMalmö Operan and plays operas and musicals, classics as newly composed, on one of Scandinavia's large opera scenes with 1,511 seats.[99] Skånes dansteater is active and plays contemporary dance repertory and present works by Swedish and international choreographers in their house in Malmö harbor.[100]
Since the 1970s the city has also been home to independent theatre groups and show or musical companies. It also hosts a rock–dance–dub culture; in the 1960sThe Rolling Stones played theKlubb Bongo, and in recent years stars likeMorrissey,Nick Cave,B.B. King andPat Metheny have made repeated visits.
The Cardigans debuted in Malmö and recorded their albums there. On 7 January 2009CNN Travel broadcast a segment called "MyCity_MyLife" featuringNina Persson taking the camera to some of the sites in Malmö that she enjoys.
TheRooseum Centre for Contemporary Art, founded in 1988 by the Swedish art collector and financier Fredrik Roos and housed in a former power station which had been built in 1900, was one of the foremost centres forcontemporary art in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s. By 2006, most of the collection had been sold off and the museum was on a time-out; by 2010 Rooseum had been dismantled and a subsidiary of the National Museum of Modern Art inaugurated in its place.
Big Slap is a music festival, held annually since 2013 atPildammsparken. The 2022 edition of Big Slap featuredJustin Bieber, the biggest concert in Malmö's history.[103]
Malmö Art Museum (Malmö Museer) is a municipal and regional museum that primarily consists of the city's art collection. The museum also features exhibitions on natural history. Malmö Museum also has anaquarium.Malmöhus Castle is also operated as a part of the museum.[104][105]
The Malmo Technology and Maritime Museum (Teknikens och sjöfartens hus) houses various industrial exhibits, as well as aircraft, boats and a submarine.[106] Temporary exhibitions are primarily shown at Slottsholmen and at the Technology and Maritime Museum (Teknikens och sjöfartens hus).[107][108][109][110]
Malmö's oldest building isSt. Peter's Church (Swedish:Sankt Petri). It was built in the early 14th century in Baltic Brick Gothic probably afterSt Mary's Church in Lübeck. The church is built with anave, two aisles, atransept and a tower. Its exterior is characterized above all by the flyingbuttresses spanning its airy arches over the aisles andambulatory. The tower, which fell down twice during the 15th century, got its current look in 1890.[114] Another major church of significance is theChurch of Our Saviour, Malmö, which was founded in 1870.
Another old building isTunneln, 300 metres (1,000 ft) to the west of Sankt Petri Church, which also dates back to around 1300.
The oldest parts of Malmö were built between 1300 and 1600 during its first major period of expansion.[citation needed] The central city's layout, as well as some of its oldest buildings, are from this time. Many of the smaller buildings from this time are typical Scanian: two-story urban houses that show a strong Danish influence.[citation needed]
Recession followed in the ensuing centuries. The next expansion period was in the mid 19th century and led to the modern stone and brick city. This expansion lasted into the 20th century and can be seen by a number ofArt Nouveau buildings, among those in theMalmö synagogue. Malmö was relatively late to be influenced by modern ideas offunctionalist tenement architecture in the 1930s.
Around 1965, the government initiated the so-calledMillion Programme, intending to offer affordable apartments in the outskirts of major Swedish cities. But this period also saw the reconstruction (and razing) of much of the historical city centre.[115]
Since the late 1990s, Malmö has seen a more cosmopolitan architecture.Västra hamnen (the Western Harbor), like most of the harbors to the north of the city centre, was industrial. In 2001 its reconstruction began as an urban residential neighbourhood, with 500 residential units, most were part of the exhibitionBo01.[116] The exhibition had two main objectives: develop self-sufficient housing units in terms of energy and greatly diminish phosphorus emissions. Among the new building's towers were theTurning Torso, a skyscraper with a twisting design, 190 metres (620 ft) tall, the majority of which is residential. It became Malmö's new landmark.[117][118] The most recent addition (2015) is the new development ofMalmö Live. This new building features a hotel, a concert hall, congress hall and a sky bar in the centre of Malmö.Point Hyllie is a new 110 m (360 ft) commercial tower that began construction in 2018.
The Turning Torso in winter skylight, January 2024
The beachRibersborg, by locals usually calledRibban,[119] south-west of the harbor area, is a man-made shallow beach, stretching along Malmö's coastline. Despite Malmö's chilly climate, it is sometimes referred to as the "Copacabana of Malmö".[120] It is the site ofRibersborgs open-air bath, opened in the 1890s.
The long boardwalk at the Western Harbor,Scaniaparken andDaniaparken, has become a favorite summer hang-out for the people of Malmö and is a popular place for bathing.[121] The harbor is particularly popular with Malmö's vibrant student community and has been the scene of several impromptu outdoor parties and gatherings.
The Conference is an international two-day gathering in Malmö with 1000 participants. Speakers from all over the world, representing a wide range of disciplines are invited. The first edition of The Conference was in 2011 and before that it was called Moving Images (started 2005).
TheNordic Game conference takes place in Malmö every April/May.[122][123] The event consists of conference itself, recruitment expo and game expo and attracts hundreds of "gamedev" (game development) professionals every year.
Malmö also hosts other 3rd party events that cater to all communities that reside in Malmö, including religious and political celebrations.
Sydsvenskan, founded in 1870, is Malmö's largest daily newspaper. It has an average circulation of 130,000. Its main competitor is the regional dailySkånska Dagbladet, which has a circulation of 34,000. The tabloidKvällsposten still has a minimal editorial staff but is today just a version of a Stockholm tabloid. The Social DemocraticArbetet was edited and printed at Malmö between 1887 and 2000.[124]
In addition to these, a number of free-of-charge papers, generally dealing with entertainment, music and fashion have local editions (for instanceCity,Rodeo,Metro andNöjesguiden). Malmö is also home to theEgmont Group's Swedish magazine operations. A number of local and regional radio and TV broadcasters are based in the Greater Malmö area.
Malmö is home to several football teams.Malmö FF, who play in the top-levelAllsvenskan league, had their most successful periods in the 1970s and 1980s, when they won the league several times. In 1979, they advanced to the final of theEuropean Cup, defeatingAS Monaco,Dynamo Kiev,Wisła Kraków andAustria Wien. In the final, played at theMunich Olympic Stadium againstNottingham Forest, they lost by a single goal scored byTrevor Francis just before half time. To date,[when?] they are the only Swedish football club to have reached the final of the competition.Bosse Larsson andZlatan Ibrahimović began their football careers at Malmö FF. A second football team,IFK Malmö, played in Sweden's top flight for about 20 years. The club's greatest achievement was reaching the quarterfinal in the European Cup.[citation needed] In the 2023 Regular Season, IFK Malmö ranked last in the Södra Götaland section of the fourth tier of the Swedish football league system, Division 2.
FC Rosengård (former LdB Malmö) andMalmö FF (women) are playing in the top level inDamallsvenskan, women's football league. FC Rosengård girls have won the league 10 times andthe national cup title 5 times. In 2014, they reached the semi-final in Champions League, which they ultimately went on to lose to the German side1. FFC Frankfurt. Brazilian football playerMarta, widely regarded the best female football player of all time, played in FC Rosengård between 2014 and 2017.
Malmö Stadion was inaugurated for the opening match of the1958 FIFA World Cup. The then world champions,West Germany, defeatedArgentina 3–1 in front of a crowd of 31,156. A further two games in the cup were decided at the stadium.[125]
The most notable other sports team is the ice hockey teamMalmö Redhawks. They were the creation of millionaire Percy Nilsson and quickly rose to the highest rank in the early to mid-1990s and won two Swedish championships, but for a number of years found themselves residing outside of the top flight. As of the 2015/2016 season they are once again competing in the top flight SHL league.
Other notable team sports are baseball,American football andAustralian football. Among non-team sports, badminton andathletics are the most popular, together with East Asian martial arts and boxing. Basketball is also fairly a big sport in the city, including the clubsMalbas andSF Srbija among others.
Women are permitted by the city council to swim topless in public swimming pools.[128][129] Everyone must wear bathing attire, but covering of the breasts is not mandatory.[130][131]
Further information on the stand-alone floorball league:M-ligan
^Between 1982–1990 the Swedish champions were decided by post-season play-offs, and in 1991–1992 via a Mästerskapsserie, so finishing first in Allsvenskan did not automatically confer the Swedish championship."Sverige har i 100 år utvecklats och gått framåt tillsammans med Allsvenskan i fotboll" (in Swedish). Svensk Elitfotboll. 29 July 2024. Retrieved2 November 2025."Svenska mästare 1896–" (in Swedish). Svenska Fotbollförbundet. Retrieved2 November 2025.
^ab"Kommunarealer den 1 January 2012" [Municipalities in Sweden and their areas, as of 1 January 2012].Statistics Sweden (in Swedish). 30 May 2012.Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved1 December 2015.
^abLilja, Sven; Nilsson, Lars."Malmö: Historia".Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). NE Nationalencyklopedin.Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved1 December 2015.
^Panican, Alexandru; Johansson, Håkan; Koch, Max; Angelin, Anna (2013).The local arena for combating poverty Malmö, Sweden(PDF) (Report). Combating Poverty in Europe (COPE): Re-organising Active Inclusion through Participatory and Integrated Modes of Multilevel Governance. Lund University. Archived fromthe original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved17 November 2020.
^In all official contexts, the town Malmö calls itself "Malmö stad" (or City of Malmö), as does a small number of other Swedish municipalities, and especially the other two metropolitans of Sweden:Stockholm andGothenburg. However, the termcity has administratively been discontinued in Sweden.
^"Vår Frälsares församling" [Church of Our Saviour].Vår Frälsare, Malmö (in Swedish).Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved13 June 2021.
^"Welcome to our community".Judiska Församlingen Malmö [Jewish Community of Malmö].Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved12 February 2022.
^"Vår historia" [Our history].Judiska Församlingen Malmö.Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved12 June 2021.
^Tykesson, Tyke L. (1996).Arkitekterna som formade Malmö: En modern stad växer fram 1878–1945 (in Swedish) (2nd revised uppl ed.). Stockholm: Carlsson.ISBN91-7203-113-1.
^"Malmö Arkitekturhistoria" [Malmö Architectural history].Stadsbiblioteket Malmo (in Swedish). 12 February 2004. Compilation of material byMalmö Public Library. Substantial reference section. Retrieved19 May 2006.The material is a result of Infotek Öresund, a collaborative project between the public libraries in Helsingborg, Elsinore, Copenhagen and Malmö[dead link]
^Population numbers are for current borders, including the now-annexed settlements of Bunkeflo, Fosie, Glostorp, Husie, Limhamn, Lockarp, Oxie, Södra Sallerup, Tygelsjö, Västra Klagstorp and Västra Skrävlinge.
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