Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Malietoa Tanumafili II

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa from 1962 to 2007

Malietoa Tanumafili II
Tanumafili in 1962
O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
In office
1 January 1962 – 11 May 2007
Serving with Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole until 5 April 1963
Prime Minister
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byTui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi
Malietoa
Tenurec. 1940 – 11 May 2007
PredecessorMalietoa Tanumafili I
SuccessorMalietoa Mōli II
Born(1913-01-04)4 January 1913
German Samoa
Died11 May 2007(2007-05-11) (aged 94)
Motoʻotua, Samoa
Burial(2007-05-18)18 May 2007
Mulinuʻu, Samoa
Spouse
Le Afioga i le Masiofo, Lili Tunu
​
​
(m. 1940; died 1986)​
IssueMalietoa Mōli II
Papaliʻi Laupepa
Momoe Malietoa Von Reiche
FatherMalietoa Tanumafili I
MotherMomoe Lupeuluiva Meleisea

Malietoa Tanumafili IIGCMG CBE (4 January 1913 – 11 May 2007) was a Samoan paramount chief and politician who wasO le Ao o le Malo (head of state) ofSamoa from its independence in 1962, and theMalietoa titleholder from 1940, untilhis death in 2007.

In his earlier career, he worked as a civil servant and parliamentarian. When Western Samoa gained independence from New Zealand as a sovereign state in 1962, he became joint head of state withTupua Tamasese Meaʻole, who died on 5 April 1963, after which he remained the office's sole occupant until his own death.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Tanumafili was born on 4 January 1913[a] as the third child ofMalietoa Tanumafili I and Momoe Lupeuluiva Meleisea.[4] He was educated at the government-run Leififi School in Samoa and went on to enroll at St. Stephen's School andWesley College inPukekohe, both of which are in New Zealand.[5]

After his father's death, he returned to Samoa and was conferred with the title of Malietoa in October 1939. The Lands and Titles Court ruled in his favour in February 1940 when an extended relative disputed his claim to the title.[6][7] The Malietoa is one of four maximal lineagetamaʻāiga titles, the others beingTupua Tamasese,Mataʻafa andTuimalealiʻifano.[8]

Early public career

[edit]

Soon after becoming Malietoa, he was appointed a special adviser (fautua) to theNew Zealand administration over Samoa.[9][10] Malietoa was part of a Western Samoan delegation welcoming QueenElizabeth II to New Zealand in 1953.[11] During his earlier career, he worked for several years alongsideTupua Tamasese Meaʻole, serving in multiple conventions related to constitutional reform as part of the transition to independence. Both were also members of theLegislative Assembly before their resignation in 1957.[12] In 1959, Malietoa was appointed joint chairman of a working committee which advised New Zealand lawyers on drafting the Samoan constitution.[2]

O le Ao o le Malo (1962–2007)

[edit]

Upon Samoa's independence in 1962, Malietoa and Tupua Tamasese becameO Ao o le Malo, theheads of state of Samoa jointly appointed under the constitution for alifetime term. Malietoa survived Tupua Tamasese as sole head of state when the latter died in April the following year.[13]

Malietoa travelled extensively as O le Ao o le Malo. He conductedstate visits to the People's Republic of China in September 1976 and to Australia in April 1978.[14][15] He also visitedFiji,Tonga,Nauru, Hawaii, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom, andWest Germany. He was among the foreign dignitaries who attended the1984 Summer Olympics inLos Angeles and thefuneral of JapaneseEmperor Shōwa in 1989.[5][16] He was a frequent guest at the birthday celebrations of Tonga's KingTāufaʻāhau Tupou IV andFlag Day celebrations inAmerican Samoa.[16][17][18]

In 1999, amid the fallout from the murder of a reformist politician and cabinet minister,Luagalau Levaula Kamu, Malietoa commuted the death sentences which were handed out to the two perpetrators to life imprisonment, and reportedly also visited them in prison.[2] On 9 August 2004, he bestowed the chiefly Seiuli title upon professional wrestler and actorDwayne Johnson, when the latter visited Samoa with his mother Ata Maivia.[19][20]

Death

[edit]
Main article:Death and state funeral of Malietoa Tanumafili II

Malietoa died at the age of 94 on 11 May 2007 after being treated forpneumonia, and was buried on 18 May.[21][22] His death triggered thefirst election for an O le Ao o le Malo in Samoa's post-independence history as required by the constitution.[23]

Honours and legacy

[edit]

In 1953, Malietoa was awarded theQueen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.[24] He was appointed a Commander of theOrder of the British Empire in 1959.[2] In 1977, Elizabeth II visited Samoa for a single day as part of her tour of the South Pacific on board theRoyal YachtBritannia. While in Samoa, she presented Malietoa with the Collar Badge and Star of a Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of St Michael and St George.[25] Malietoa was appointed to the Medal of theGrand Order of Samoa on 3 January 2001.[26]

Malietoa is often credited for providing much of the stability that Samoa has enjoyed post independence.[13]

Personal life

[edit]

Malietoa was an active athlete during his younger years. His favourite sports included boxing, rugby and cricket.[5] Malietoa's interest in sports continued throughout his life and he was an avid golfer well into his nineties. He could often be seen driving his golf cart around Samoa.[2][13]

In 1973, he converted to theBaháʼí Faith. He was the first serving head of state to be a member of the religion.[27][28] In 1976, he visited the graveside ofShoghi Effendi, first and lastGuardian of the BaháʼíAdministrative Order, in London.[29] In 1979 he laid the foundational cornerstone of theBaháʼí House of Worship in Tiapapata, eight kilometres from the capital ofApia.[30] The temple was subsequently dedicated by him at completion in 1984.[31] While still adhering to the Baháʼí Faith, Malietoa continued to acknowledge the Christian tradition within his family dating back to 1830.[2]

Malietoa married twice, first to Lili Tunu in 1940, and to Tiresa Patu Tauvela Hunter in 1962.[26][32] His first wife died in 1986.[33][32] He had eleven children, includingPapaliʻi Laupepa,Malietoa Mōli II andPapaliʻi Momoe Von Reiche, of whom two sons and two daughters survived him when he died.[16][34][35]

Family tree

[edit]
Malietoa family tree
Notes:

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^In 2007, the government opted to celebrate his 95th birthday, rather than his 94th, saying it had obtained recorded evidence which instead gave his year of birth as 1912.[2][3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Western Samoa Products and English, Samoan LanguagesArchived 23 April 2007 at theWayback Machine
  2. ^abcdef"Malietoa Tanumafili II".The Times. 15 May 2007.ISSN 0140-0460.Archived from the original on 7 April 2025. Retrieved5 October 2024.
  3. ^"Questions raised over the exact year Samoa's head of state was born".RNZ. 5 January 2007. Retrieved5 October 2024.
  4. ^"Genealogy". Archived fromthe original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved5 February 2017.
  5. ^abc"Samoa's King Malietoa Tanumafili II, 94".The Honolulu Advertiser.Associated Press. 13 May 2007. Archived fromthe original on 19 May 2007. Retrieved24 May 2007.
  6. ^"A New Malietoa".Pacific Islands Monthly.10 (4): 58. 28 October 1939. Retrieved18 January 2026 – via Trove DigitalLibrary.
  7. ^"Royal Title Awarded in Western Samoa".Pacific Islands Monthly.10 (7): 49. 1 February 1940. Retrieved18 January 2026 – via Trove DigitalLibrary.
  8. ^Western Samoa. Land and Titles Court. (1949–1990).Documents relating to Tamaʻaiga titles disputes, Tuimalealiʻifano title.OCLC 39644002.
  9. ^"Photos: Samoans farewell their king and 'father'".The New Zealand Herald. 20 May 2007. Archived fromthe original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved5 June 2007.
  10. ^Otto, Michael (22 May 2007)."Samoa's solemn farewell".Manukau Courier.Stuff.co.nz. Archived fromthe original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved13 June 2007.
  11. ^"Western Samoans Will Meet the Queen—in NZ".Pacific Islands Monthly.24 (3): 49. 30 August 1953. Retrieved18 January 2026 – via Trove DigitalLibrary.
  12. ^"Tamasese: Architect of West Samoan Independence".Pacific Islands Monthly. May 1963. pp. 43–44. Retrieved17 September 2024.
  13. ^abc"Malietoa Tanumafili II (Obituary)".The Economist.The Economist print edition. 24 May 2007.Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved12 June 2007.
  14. ^Martin, Peter (20 May 2021).China's Civilian Army: The Inside Story of China's Quest for Global Power. New York: Oxford Academic. p. 127.doi:10.1093/oso/9780197513705.003.0008.
  15. ^"Transcript 4658".PM Transcripts.Government of Australia. 23 March 1978. Retrieved26 October 2025.
  16. ^abc"Government of Samoa - Official Website". Archived fromthe original on 20 May 2007. Retrieved14 May 2007. Profile
  17. ^"Top level Samoan delegation to attend Tongan king's birthday".RNZ. 28 June 2005. Retrieved26 October 2025.
  18. ^"American Samoa Lt. Governor to attend birthday celebrations for Tonga's King".RNZ. 1 July 2006. Retrieved26 October 2025.Samoa's Head of State, Malietoa Tanumafili II, will lead his government's delegation to the King's birthday.
  19. ^"Samoa gives chiefly title to actor Dwayne Johnson".RNZ. 11 August 2004. Retrieved6 June 2024.
  20. ^"Now it's Seiuli The Rock".Samoa Observer. 10 August 2004. Retrieved6 June 2024.
  21. ^Sagapolutele, Fili (12 May 2007)."Samoan Head of State Passes Away".Pacific Magazine. Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved12 May 2007.
  22. ^"Thousands farewell Samoan leader".ABC News. 18 May 2007. Retrieved31 July 2024.
  23. ^"Samoa to elect new head of state in June".People's Daily. 23 May 2007. Archived fromthe original on 6 June 2011.
  24. ^Taylor, Alister;Coddington, Deborah (1994).Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand. Auckland: New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa. p. 417.ISBN 0-908578-34-2.
  25. ^"Samoa King Dies".Herald Sun.Associated Press. 13 May 2007. Retrieved13 May 2007.
  26. ^ab"Malietoa".Genealogical Gleanings. Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland. Archived fromthe original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved13 September 2025.
  27. ^Tanumafili II, Malietoa (30 March 1973)."Office of the Head of State".The Baháʼí World. Retrieved10 October 2022.
  28. ^Universal House of Justice (7 May 1973)."To the Bahá'ís of the World".Bahá’í Reference Library. Retrieved10 October 2022.
  29. ^"THE FIRST VISIT BY A Bahá'í REIGNING MONARCH TO THE RESTING PLACE OF SHOGHI EFFENDI".The Baháʼí World.17: 69. 1976.
  30. ^"His Highness lays stone".Samoa Observer. 1 February 1979. Retrieved10 October 2022.
  31. ^Tanumafili II, Malietoa (1 September 1984)."Text of the address of His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II".The Baháʼí World. Retrieved10 October 2022.
  32. ^ab"Samoans farewell their king and "father"".Reuters. 9 August 2007. Retrieved8 June 2024.
  33. ^"King Malietoa Tanumafili II of Samoa dead at 94".The Honolulu Advertiser. 12 May 2007. Retrieved8 June 2024.
  34. ^"Samoan king dies at the age of 94".TheSydney Morning Herald. 13 May 2007. Retrieved13 May 2007.
  35. ^Tautua-Fanene, Deidre (17 August 2018)."Malietoa title bestowed at Malie".Samoa Observer.Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved14 August 2019.

External links

[edit]
Political offices
Office establishedO le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
1962–2007
Served alongside:Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole (until 1963)		Succeeded by
Regnal titles
Preceded by Malietoa
1940–2007		Succeeded by
Postholders
Elections
*acting
International
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malietoa_Tanumafili_II&oldid=1334044296"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp