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Malawimonad

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(Redirected fromMalawimonada)
Order of flagellates

Malawimonads
Light microscopy image of the malawimonadGefionella okellyi
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Malawimonada
Tedersoo 2017[2]
Phylum:Malawimonada
Cavalier-Smith 2021[1]
Class:Malawimonadea
Cavalier-Smith 2013
Order:Malawimonadida
Cavalier-Smith 2003
Families
Synonyms
  • NeoloukaCavalier-Smith 2013

Malawimonads (orderMalawimonadida) are a small group ofmicroorganisms with abasal position in the evolutionary tree ofeukaryotes, containing only three recognizedspecies.[3] They're considered part of aparaphyletic group known as "Excavata".[4][5]

Evolution

[edit]

It is clear that the malawimonads are amonophyleticclade at thebase ofEukaryota, but there is no consensus on the specific relationships between other basal groups, such asDiscoba,Metamonada,Ancyromonadida andPodiata. Thesister group to Malawimonadida varies greatly between analyses.[3] Somephylogenetic analyses find Malawimonadida as thesister group toPodiata.[6] Other analyses recover Malawimonadida as the sister group ofDiscoba orMetamonada. Very few modern analyses recover the three clades,Malawimonadida,Discoba andMetamonada, forming an unexpected monophyleticExcavata.[3]

Eukaryota

Taxonomy

[edit]

History

[edit]

The malawimonads were first described asorderMalawimonadida in 2003 byThomas Cavalier-Smith. In 2013 they were also described as a class (Malawimonadea) and were placed as the only member of the subphylumNeolouka as part of the phylum "Loukozoa", apolyphyletic group unitingMetamonada,Jakobea,Tsukubea and the malawimonads.[7] Later, the Loukozoa broke apart and Neolouka was raised to the rank of phylum. Finally, this phylum containing only malawimonads was renamed in 2021 toMalawimonada by the same author,[1] and was placed in a separatekingdom by the same name.[8]

Classification

[edit]

Initially, Malawimonadida was amonotypic order, containing only the familyMalawimonadidae and the genusMalawimonas. In 2018, the genusGefionella was first described and added to this family. In 2020, a new genusImasa and a new familyImasidae were added to the group. Presently, Malawimonadida contains 2 families, 3 genera and 3 accepted species.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abCavalier-Smith T (December 2021)."Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi".Protoplasma.259:487–593.doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7.PMC 9010356.
  2. ^Tedersoo, Leho (2017-12-29),Proposal for practical multi-kingdom classification of eukaryotes based on monophyly and comparable divergence time criteria, bioRxiv,doi:10.1101/240929, retrieved2025-02-16
  3. ^abcdHeiss AA, Warring SD, Lukacs K, Favate J, Yang A, Gyaltshen Y, Filardi C, Simpson AGB, Kim E (December 2020). "Description of Imasa heleensis, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Imasidae, fam. nov.), a Deep-Branching Marine Malawimonad and Possible Key Taxon in Understanding Early Eukaryotic Evolution".Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.68: e12837.doi:10.1111/jeu.12837.
  4. ^Kolisko M, Flegontova O, Karnkowska A, Lax G, Maritz JM, Pánek T, Táborský P, Carlton JM, Čepička I, Aleš H, Julius L, Simpson AGB, Tai V (2020)."EukRef-excavates: seven curated SSU ribosomal RNA gene databases".Database.2020 (baaa080).doi:10.1093/database/baaa080.PMC 7678783.
  5. ^Heiss, Aaron A.; Kolisko, Martin; Ekelund, Fleming; Brown, Matthew W.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; et al. (2018)."Combined morphological and phylogenomic re-examination of malawimonads, a critical taxon for inferring the evolutionary history of eukaryotes".Royal Society Open Science.5 (4): 171707.Bibcode:2018RSOS....571707H.doi:10.1098/rsos.171707.PMC 5936906.PMID 29765641.
  6. ^Brown MW, et al. (2018), "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group",Genome Biology and Evolution,10 (2):427–433,doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014,PMC 5793813
  7. ^Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa".European Journal of Protistology.49 (2):115–178.doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001.PMID 23085100.
  8. ^Tedersoo, Leho (2017-12-29),Proposal for practical multi-kingdom classification of eukaryotes based on monophyly and comparable divergence time criteria, bioRxiv,doi:10.1101/240929, retrieved2025-02-16

External links

[edit]
Wikispecies has information related toMalawimonad.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toMalawimonad.
Eukaryote classification
Amoebozoa
Holomycota
Filozoa
Choanozoa
Haptista
    SAR    
Rhizaria
Alveolata
Myzozoa
Stramenopiles
Bigyra*
Gyrista
Pancryptista
Cryptista
Archaeplastida
(plantssensu lato)
Viridiplantae
(green plants or
plantssensu stricto)
Streptophyta
Discoba
Discicristata
Metamonada*
Malawimonada
Provora
Hemimastigophora
Ancyromonadida
CRuMs
Genera of
uncertain affiliation
Acritarchs
and other fossils
Jakobida
Jakobea
Jakobida
Tsukubamonada
Tsukubea
Tsukubamonadida
Pharyngomonada
Pharyngomonadidea
Tetramitia
Lunosea
Neovahlkampfiea
Eutetramitia
Lyromonadea
Heterolobosea
Postgaardia
Postgaardea
Glycomonada
Diplonemea
Kinetoplastea
Prokinetoplastina
Metakinetoplastina
Euglenida
Petalomonadea
Alistosa
Entosiphonea
Karavia
Spirocuta
Anisonemea
Peranemea
Euglenophyceae
Neolouka
Malawimonadea
Malawimonadida
Planomonada
Planomonadea
Ancyromonadida
Anaeromonada
Anaeromonadea
Fornicata
Carpediemonadea
Eopharyngia
Parabasalia
Pimpavickea
Hypotrichomonadea
Trichomonadea
Spirotrichonymphea
Malawimonadea
Malawimonadida
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