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Amake-up artist, also called amakeup artist, and often shortened toMUA, is an artist whose medium is the human body, applyingmakeup andprosthetics on others fortheatre,television,film, fashion, magazines and other similar productions including all aspects of the modeling industry. Awards given for this profession in theentertainment industry include theAcademy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling,[1] and entertainment industry awards such as theEmmy Awards,[2][3] and theGolden Globes.[4] In some countries professional licenses are required by agencies in order for them to hire the MUA. Bigger production companies[5] have in-house makeup artists on their payroll although most MUA's generally are freelance and their times remain flexible depending on the project.
Over time, Makeup enthusiasts have made up a large part of make-up artists. These are individuals who are self-taught artists, they are known to use themselves as their own canvas or freelance amounts their community who may not have access to renowned make-up artists. Many have found their way into the industry through being enthusiasts
Fashion makeup is used in magazine photography as well as on the fashion runway.Avant-garde makeup is also an applicable technique used for projects that require experimental themes. Fashion makeup is also commonly used intelevision andfilm ranging for the naturalprime look to more sophisticated applications such ascolor balance.
Stage makeup is used as a method in conjunction with stage lighting to highlight the actors' faces in order to make expressions visible to the audience from moderate distances. This often includes defining the eyes and lips as well as the highlights and lowlights of the facial bones.
The use of special effects techniques enhancing physical features to exhibitmetaphysical characteristics[clarification needed] as well as fantasy makeup. The use of prosthetics and plaster casting are also required for projects that entails non-human appearances. Accents such astheatrical blood and ooze are also techniques applicable to this type of makeup.
Anairbrush is a small air-operated device that sprays water-based makeup by a process of nebulization. Airbrushed makeup was used inHollywood movies at least as early as the 1930s.Monte Westmore is sometimes credited[6] with developing the technique forGone With the Wind, but his brotherWally was using it at least five years earlier inPre-Code films such asMurder at the Vanities. It has recently been re-popularized by the advent ofHDTV and digital photography, where the camera focuses on higher depths of detail. Liquid foundations that are high in coverage but thin in consistency are applied with the airbrush for full coverage without a heavy build-up of product.
This is an art which involves the use of light[7] reflectors and ingredients such as minerals to give the skin a flawless finish. This was developed due to the further development ofhigh definition[8] mediums and the cost implications of airbrush makeup.
In 1955, theBollywood group Cine Costume Make-Up Artist & Hair Dressers' Association (CCMAA) created a rule that did not allow women to obtain memberships as makeup artists.[9] However, in 2014 theSupreme Court of India ruled that this rule was in violation of the Indian constitutional guarantees granted under Article 14 (right to equality), 19(1)(g) (freedom to carry out any profession) and Article 21 (right to liberty).[9] The judges of the Supreme Court of India stated that the ban on women makeup artist members had no "rationale nexus" to the cause sought to be achieved and was "unacceptable, impermissible and inconsistent" with the constitutional rights guaranteed to the citizens.[9] The Court also found illegal the rule which mandated that for any artist, female or male, to work in the industry, they must have domicile status of five years in the state where they intend to work.[9] In 2015 it was announced that Charu Khurana had become the first woman to be registered by the Cine Costume Make-Up Artist & Hair Dressers' Association.[10]
In June 2014, the Cine Costume Make-Up Artist & Hair Dressers' Association (CCMAA) authorised an official protest on the movie set ofBang Bang! in protest of a foreign makeup artist,Daniel Bauer, working on the movie for its lead actress,Katrina Kaif. The CCMAA and 15 of its members protested on the movie set as Daniel Bauer was not registered with the Union, despite the Union banning foreign artists working in Bollywood. The issue was resolved with the CCMAA granting Daniel Bauer full membership.[11]
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