Main Street Vehicles is a series ofturn-of-the-20th-century-style vehicle attractions inDisney theme parks throughout the world, consisting of3 ft (914 mm)narrow gaugetramways withhorse-drawn streetcars and free-roaming motor vehicles. They usually operate in their respectiveMain Street, USA sections, transporting park guests on one-way trips between the Town Square at the park's entrance and the Central Plaza at the park's center.
The original Main Street Vehicles attraction is located inDisneyland inCalifornia and includes horse-drawn streetcars and motor vehicles. The Main Street Vehicles attraction inMagic Kingdom withinWalt Disney World inFlorida has nearly identical offerings as its Disneyland counterpart. At one time, an omnibus transport option was present inEpcot within Walt Disney World. InDisneyland Park (Paris), the horse-drawn streetcars are billed as a separate attraction from its Main Street Vehicles and are simply namedHorse-Drawn Streetcars. Only motor vehicles are included in the Main Street Vehicles ofHong Kong Disneyland.Omnibus inTokyo Disneyland'sWorld Bazaar section andBig City Vehicles inTokyo DisneySea'sAmerican Waterfront section are similar attractions to Main Street Vehicles.
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Walt Disney andWard Kimball, aDisneyanimator and fellowrail enthusiast, travelled to theChicago Railroad Fair inChicago andGreenfield Village, anopen-air museum inDearborn, Michigan, in the summer of 1948.[1] The historic vehicles that Disney saw at these locations led him to include several types of turn-of-the-20th-century-style vehicle attractions, including ahorsecar, in a detailed description of aMickey Mouse Park, which he first outlined in a formalWalt Disney Studios memo submitted on August 31, 1948.[1] The concept of Mickey Mouse Park evolved into what would become Disneyland.[2]
Bob Gurr ofWED Enterprises (nowWalt Disney Imagineering) developed all of the vehicles for the original Main Street Vehicles attraction.[3][4] Each vehicle in the attraction was arranged to operate in Disneyland's Main Street, USA section, which is an idealized combination of Walt Disney's hometown ofMarceline, Missouri, and Disney artistHarper Goff's hometown ofFort Collins, Colorado.[5] The attraction contributes significantly to the Main Street, USA section's turn-of-the-20th-century theme, particularly the combination of sounds that its vehicles and horses make, which are meant to be in juxtaposition to the sounds that park guests would normally hear on a present-day street.[6] Main Street Vehicles and similar attractions now operate in six Disney theme parks across the globe.[7]
The Main Street Vehicles attraction in Disneyland in California opened with the park on July 17, 1955, and is located in theMain Street, USA section.[8][9][10] Attraction vehicles present in that section on opening day included horse-drawn streetcars, horse-drawnsurreys, and a horse-drawn fire wagon.[8][11][12] In 1956, transport viahorseless carriage (a.k.a:jitney) andomnibus were added.[13][14][15] On August 16, 1958,fire engine rides were inaugurated.[16] The fire wagon was retired in 1960 and put on display in Disneyland's Town Squarefire station, and the surreys were discontinued in 1971.[8][11][12] A one-way trip on each vehicle between the Town Square at the park's entrance and the Central Plaza at the park's center initially required anA ticket or a fee of 10 cents.[10][17][18] Ride tickets and fees were replaced with a pay-one-price admission system in 1982.[19]
Vehicle types in service as of 2024:[10]
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Thedraft horses used to pull the Main Street Vehicle's3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge horse-drawn streetcars consist ofBelgians,Brabants,Clydesdales,Percherons, andShires, and were originally housed on-site at the Circle D Ranch.[20][21][22] To accommodate construction of Disneyland'sStar Wars: Galaxy's Edge section in the late 2010s, the ranch was permanently moved 28 miles (45 km) away from the park to a facility inNorco, California, which had its grand opening on June 10, 2017.[21][22] At the Circle D Ranch, new horses go through specialized training for six to twelve months to deal with their future work environment in Disneyland, including becoming acclimated to balloons, bands, bubbles, strollers, and umbrellas.[22] Once training is completed, each horse employed with the Main Street Vehicles is transported to the park viahorse trailer on its workdays, which consist of four-hour shifts three to four days a week.[21][23]
Beginning at the Town Square loop adjacent to Disneyland's entrance, an individual horse controlled by an onboardconductor will pull one of the four Main Street Vehicle streetcars along the attraction's single-track tramway at up to 4 miles per hour (6.4 km/h), with all four streetcars capable of operating at once.[17][18][24] Each open-air streetcar vehicle has forward-facing bench seating that can hold as many as 30 passengers.[18][24] The horse-drawn streetcar goes around the Town Square loop in a counterclockwise direction, runs along the line's main stretch, heads through the right side of a midpointpassing siding, continues up the main stretch, enters the Central Plaza loop in a clockwise direction, and stops in front ofSleeping Beauty Castle.[17][18][25] Once its journey resumes, the horse-drawn streetcar moves around the Central Plaza loop in a clockwise direction, arrives back at the line's main stretch, rolls through the right side of the passing siding, continues down the main stretch, reenters the Town Square loop in a counterclockwise direction, and stops where it started, completing the line's 1,830-foot (560 m) route.[17][18][26]
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The Main Street Vehicles attraction in Magic Kingdom within Walt Disney World in Florida opened with the park on October 1, 1971, and is located in theMain Street, USA section.[9][27] Each vehicle transports guests on one-way trips between the Town Square at the park's entrance and the Central Plaza at the park's center.[27][28]
Vehicle types in service as of 2024:[27]
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The draft horses used to pull the Main Street Vehicle's3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge horse-drawn streetcars consist of Belgians, Clydesdales, and Percherons, and are housed nearby at the Tri-Circle-D Ranch.[20][29][30] The ranch is located inDisney's Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground within Walt Disney World.[29][30]
The horse-drawn streetcars in the Magic Kingdom's Main Street Vehicles attraction are similar to their counterparts in Disneyland.[31] Each streetcar vehicle has anempty weight of around 1,900 pounds (860 kg), and with a full load of 18 adults can weigh around 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg).[32] Draft horses, which are larger thanriding horses, usually weigh between 1,600 pounds (730 kg) and 2,000 pounds (910 kg), and can pull loads weighing 8long tons (8,100 kg) on level rails.[33][34][35] Unlike in Disneyland, the Magic Kingdom's streetcars go in counterclockwise directions around both the Town Square loop and Central Plaza loop.[36] When the attraction's four (originally five) streetcar vehicles andhorse tack are not in use, they are stored in a car barn at the end of aspur line connected to the Town Square loop.[36][37][38] The attraction's track, including the car barn spur line, totals 1,600 feet (490 m).[39]
Omnibuses started operating in Epcot within Walt Disney World when the park opened on October 1, 1982, and were located in theWorld Showcase section.[40][41] They were eventually discontinued as transport options for park guests due to difficulties with navigating them through ever-increasing crowd sizes.[41][42] At least one omnibus was used as a parade vehicle in the park until the early 2000s.[41][42] An Epcot parade omnibus is now on display and occasionally runs at theVolo Auto Museum inVolo, Illinois.[41][43]
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The Horse-Drawn Streetcars and Main Street Vehicles attractions in Disneyland Park (Paris) opened with the park on April 12, 1992, and are located in theMain Street, USA section.[9][15][16] Horse-Drawn Streetcars is a separately billed attraction from Main Street Vehicles.[44] Each vehicle transports guests on one-way trips between the Town Square at the park's entrance and the Central Plaza at the park's center.[44][45]
Vehicle types in service as of 2024:[44][45]
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The draft horses used in the3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge Horse-Drawn Streetcars attraction are Percherons, and are housed onsite at the simply named Pony Farm.[20][44][46] When new horses are needed for the attraction, Percherons aged four or five years with good limbs and a qualityaplomb are selected.[46]
The three streetcars that the horses pull can be differentiated from their counterparts in the American Disney theme parks by their enclosed cabins with wood-panel interiors and inward-facing seating arrangements that can each accommodate 15 passengers.[47] When the streetcar vehicles are not in use, they are stored in a car barn on Town Square.[48]
The Main Street Vehicles attraction in Hong Kong Disneyland opened with the park on September 12, 2005, and is located in theMain Street, USA section.[49][50] Unlike its counterparts in the US and France, Hong Kong Disneyland has never had horse-drawn streetcars.[48] Each vehicle transports guests on one-way trips between both ends of the Main Street, USA section.[50]
Vehicle types in service as of 2024:[50]
The Omnibus attraction in Tokyo Disneyland opened with the park on April 15, 1983, and is located in the World Bazaar section.[15][51] The attraction takes guests on a looping tour of the Central Plaza at the park's center and as such is not used as a form of guest transport.[51][52]
Vehicle type in service as of 2024:[51]
The Big City Vehicles attraction in Tokyo DisneySea opened with the park on September 4, 2001, and is located in the American Waterfront section.[53][54] In the past, each vehicle either transported guests on one-way trips between the American Waterfront section's New York City and Cape Cod areas or took guests on a looping tour of the New York City area.[52] Now, only the latter option is available.[54]
Vehicle types in service as of 2024:[53][54]
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