Basal order of flowering plants
Myristica fragrans Goa , IndiaTheMagnoliales are an order offlowering plants . Well-known members of Magnoliales include:magnolias ,tulip trees ,custard apples ,American pawpaw ,cherimoyas ,ylang-ylang ,soursop fruit , andnutmeg .
The Magnoliales include six families:
Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species oftrees ,shrubs , andlianas ; mostly tropical but some temperate) Degeneriaceae (two species of trees found on Pacific islands) Eupomatiaceae (three species of trees and shrubs found inNew Guinea and easternAustralia ) Himantandraceae (two species of trees and shrubs, found in tropical areas inSoutheast Asia andAustralia ) Magnoliaceae (about 225 species including magnolias andtulip trees ) Myristicaceae (several hundred species includingnutmeg ) TheAPG system (1998),APG II system (2003),APG III system (2009), andAPG IV system (2016) place this order in the clademagnoliids , circumscribed as follows:[ 2]
orderMagnoliales family Annonaceae family Degeneriaceae family Eupomatiaceae family Himantandraceae family Magnoliaceae family Myristicaceae Magnoliids Magnoliales Myristicaceae
Magnoliaceae
Degeneriaceae
Himantandraceae
Laurales
The current composition andphylogeny of the Magnoliales.[ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
In these systems, published by theAPG , the Magnoliales are a basal group, excluded from theeudicots .
TheCronquist system (1981) placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of classMagnoliopsida (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:[citation needed
The Thorne system (1992) placed the order in superorder Magnolianae, subclass Magnoliidae (= dicotyledons), in the class Magnoliopsida (= angiosperms) and used this circumscription (including the plants placed in order Laurales and Piperales by other systems):[citation needed
TheEngler system , in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassisArchychlamydeae in classDicotyledoneae (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:
order Magnolialesfamily Amborellaceae family Annonaceae family Austrobaileyaceae family Calycanthaceae family Canellaceae familyCercidiphyllaceae family Degeneriaceae family Eupomatiaceae familyEupteleaceae family Gomortegaceae family Hernandiaceae family Himantandraceae family Illiciaceae family Lauraceae family Magnoliaceae family Monimiaceae family Myristicaceae family Schisandraceae family Trimeniaceae familyTetracentraceae familyTrochodendraceae family Winteraceae TheWettstein system , latest version published in 1935, did not use this name although it had an order with a similar circumscription with the namePolycarpicae . This was placed in theDialypetalae in subclassChoripetalae of classDicotyledones .[citation needed (See alsoSympetalae ).
From the above it will be clear that the plants included in this order by APG have always been seen as related. They have always been placed in the order Magnoliales (or a predecessor). The difference is that earlier systems have also included other plants, which have been moved to neighbouring orders (in themagnoliids ) by APG.[citation needed
