| Magar | |
|---|---|
| मगर ढुट (magar ḍhuṭ) | |
| Native to | Nepal,India |
| Region | Nepal; significant communities inBhutan;Sikkim;Assam andDarjeeling district ofIndia |
| Ethnicity | 2.0 millionMagar (2021 census of Nepal)[1] |
Native speakers | 810,000 (2001–2006)[1] |
| Akkha script (official),Devanagari,Latin script | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  India |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:mgp – Eastern Magarmrd – Western Magar |
| Glottolog | maga1261 |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
Magar Dhut (Nepali:मगर ढुट,Nepali:[ɖʱuʈ]) is aSino-Tibetan language spoken mainly inNepal, southernBhutan, and inDarjeeling,Assam andSikkim,India, by theMagar people. It is divided into two groups (Eastern and Western) and further dialect divisions give distinct tribal identity.[3] In Nepal 810,000 people speak the language.
While the government of Nepal developed Magar language curricula, as provisioned by the constitution, the teaching materials have never successfully reached Magar schools, where most school instruction is in theNepali language.[4] It is not unusual for groups with their own language to feel that the "mother-tongue" is an essential part of identity.
The Dhut Magar language is sometimes lumped with theMagar Kham language spoken further west in Bheri, Dhaulagiri, and Rapti zones. Although the two languages share many common words, they have major structural differences and are notmutually intelligible.[5]
Western Magar (dialects:Palpa andSyangja) is spoken in the followingdistricts of Nepal (Ethnologue).
Eastern Magar (dialects:Gorkha,Nawalparasi, andTanahu) is spoken in the followingdistricts of Nepal (Ethnologue).
*-only occur in the Tanahu dialect.
/ʔ/ is only a marginal phoneme.[6]
| Phoneme | Allophones |
|---|---|
| /p/ | [p̚] |
| /pʰ/ | [ɸ] |
| /t/ | [tʲ],[t̚],[ʈ] |
| /tʰ/ | [θ] |
| /d/ | [dʲ],[ɖ],[ɽ] |
| /k/ | [kʲ],[k̚] |
| /kʰ/ | [x] |
| /ɡ/ | [ɡʲ] |
| /t͡s/ | [t͡ʃ] |
| /t͡sʰ/ | [t͡ʃʰ] |
| /dz/ | [dʒ] |
| /d͡zʱ/ | [d͡ʒʱ] |
| /s/ | [ʃ] |
| /h/ | [ɦ] |
| /n/ | [nʲ] |
| /ŋ/ | [ŋʲ] |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| ʌ | |||
| Open | a |
| Diphthongs |
|---|
| /ia/ |
| /iu/ |
| /ei/ |
| /eu/ |
| /aɪ/ |
| /au/ |
| /oi/ |
| Phoneme | Allophones |
|---|---|
| /i/ | [i][ɪ][i̤][i̤ː][ĩ] |
| /e/ | [e][ɛ][ẽ][e̤][e̤ː] |
| /a/ | [ä][æ][ä̃][äˑ][ä̤][ä̤ː] |
| /u/ | [u][ʊ][u̟][ṳ][ṳː][ũ] |
| /ʌ/ | [ʌ][ə][ə̃][ʌ̤][ʌ̃] |
| /o/ | [o][o̟][õ][oˑ][o̤][o̤ː] |
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WesternHimalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| EasternHimalayas (Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border |
| ||||
| East andSoutheast Asia |
| ||||
| Dubious (possible isolates,Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
| Official language | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Indigenous languages |
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| National | |
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| Other | |
