TiVo Corporation, formerly known as theRovi Corporation andMacrovision Solutions Corporation, was an American technology company headquartered inSan Jose, California. Now operating asXperi, the company is primarily involved in licensing itsintellectual property within theconsumer electronics industry, includingdigital rights management,electronic program guide software, andmetadata. The company holds over 6,000 pending and registeredpatents.[2] The company also provides analytics and recommendation platforms for the video industry.
In 2016, Rovi acquireddigital video recorder makerTiVo Inc., and renamed itself TiVo Corporation. On May 30, 2019,TiVo announced the appointment of Dave Shull as the company's new president and CEO.
On December 19, 2019, TiVo merged withXperi;[3] the combined firm operates as Xperi.[4]
Macrovision Corporation was established in 1983 by Victor Farrow and John O. Ryan. The 1984 filmThe Cotton Club was the first video to be encoded with Macrovision technology when it was released in 1985.[5] The technology was subsequently extended toDVD players and other consumer electronic recording and playback devices such as digital cable and satelliteset-top boxes,digital video recorders, andportable media players. By the end of the 1980s, most major Hollywood studios were utilizing their services.[6]
In the 1990s, Macrovision acquired companies with expertise in managing access control and secure distribution of other forms of digital media, including music, video games, internet content, and computer software.
Ryan (founder and CEO of Macrovision from June 1995 to October 2001) and William A. Krepick (president of Macrovision Corporation from July 1995 to July 2005 and CEO from October 2001 to July 2005)[7] led the company through anIPO in 1997 priced at $9.00 a share. Under their leadership, the company went from a private company with sales of under $20 million to a global, publicly traded corporation with annual sales of $220 million andmarket cap exceeding $1 billion.[8]
In July 2005, the company hired Alfred J. Amoroso as chief executive officer and president to succeed William A. Krepick, who announced his retirement earlier in the year.[9]
Macrovision acquiredGemstar-TV Guide on May 2, 2008, in a cash-and-stock deal worth about $2.8 billion. The combined company would seek to be “the homepage for the TV experience,” said Mr. Amoroso.[10]
After the announcement of its intent to buyGemstar-TV Guide, Macrovision made other changes in order to focus on entertainment technology, including selling its software business unit, valued at approximately $200 million, to private equity firmThoma Cressey Bravo. The divestiture of the software business unit closed on April 1, 2008, becomingAcresso Software. Macrovision also ultimately sold off parts of Gemstar-TV Guide not focused on digital entertainment, includingTryMedia,eMeta,TV Guide Magazine,TV Guide Network and theTV Games Network.
The company also bought two companies providing entertainment metadata:All Media Guide on November 6, 2007, and substantially all the assets ofMuze, Inc. on April 15, 2009.
On July 16, 2009, Macrovision Solutions Corporation announced the official change of its name to Rovi Corporation.
Rovi announced its first product on January 7, 2010 – TotalGuide, an interactive media guide that incorporated entertainment data, to search, browse and provide recommendations.[11] On March 16, 2010, Rovi acquired MediaUnbound for an undisclosed amount. MediaUnbound had helped build static and dynamic personalization and recommendation engines for clients such as Napster, eMusic and MTV Networks.[12] On June 16, 2010, the company announced the Rovi Advertising Network which bundled guide advertising and third-party interactive TV platforms.[13]
On December 23, 2010, the company announced its intention to acquireSonic Solutions and itsDivX video software in a deal valued at $720 million. Sonic provided digital video processing, playback and distribution technologies and owned RoxioNow (formerly CinemaNow) an OTT technology provider.[14][15]
On March 1, 2011, Rovi announced its acquisition of online video guideSideReel.[16]
The company announced Amoroso's intention to retire on May 26, 2011.[17] Tom Carson, formerly the executive vice president of sales and marketing, was appointed CEO and President in December 2011.[18] Under Carson the company shifted its focus on "growth opportunities related to its core enabling technology and services" and it announced that it intended to sell the Rovi Entertainment Store business.[19] It entered into separate agreements to sell the Rovi Entertainment Store to Reliance Majestic Holdings, a private equity-backed company; and its consumer websites to All Media Networks, a new company, in July 2013.[20] Continuing on this path, the company made a similar announcement in January 2014 indicating its intent to sell the DivX and MainConcept businesses.
On April 1, 2013, Rovi acquired Integral Reach, a provider of predictive analysis services. The technology would be integrated into Rovi's audience analysis services.[21]
In April 2013,Facebook began licensing Rovi metadata for use within the service.[22]
On April 29, 2016, Rovi Corporation announced that it had acquiredTiVo Inc. for $1.1 billion. The combined company operated under the TiVo brand, and held over 6,000 pending and registered patents.[2][23] Rovi plans to discontinue in-house hardware production, and focus primarily on licensing its technologies and the TiVo brand to third-party companies.[24]
In December 2019, TiVo Corporation announced their intent to merge withXperi. The surviving entity will operate under the Xperi name and have a combined value of $3 billion. TiVo had previously considered splitting out its hardware operations from its licensing operations.[25] The merger was completed on June 1, 2020.[26]
In August 2022, TiVo announced the TiVo OS for smart TVs[27] launching in 2023 in Europe[28] withVestel.
Rovi provides guides for service providers and CE manufacturers.
TotalGuide xD, a white-label media guide for mobile devices for finding, managing, and watching TV shows and movies. This also controlled the set top boxes.
TotalGuide CE, a media guide for CE manufacturers that gives access to broadcast programming, premiumover-the-top (OTT) entertainment, andcatch-up TV
Passport Guide and i-Guide, interactive program guides for service providers
G-Guide, anHTML5-based program guide for digital terrestrial, broadcast satellite, and commercial satellite services
TotalTV, an online guide enabling websites for news and entertainment organizations to incorporate local TV listings
Rovi DTA Guide, an interactive program guide designed for households installed withDigital terminal adapters
Rovi provides entertainment metadata for consumer electronics manufacturers, service providers, retailers, online portals and application developers around the world. The company has over 50 years of metadata for video, music, books, and games covering more than 5 million movies and TV programs, 3.2 million album releases and 30 million song tracks, 9 million in-print and out-of-print book titles, and 70,000 video games.[citation needed] The metadata includes basic facts, local TV listings and channel line-ups for interactive program guides, original editorial, imagery, and other features.[29]
Rovi Search Service allows consumer electronics manufacturers, service providers, and developers to provide solutions that enable consumers to search for and access desired content. Rovi Recommendations Service is a cloud-based service that offers consumers entertainment choices similar to their chosen program, movie, album, track, musician or band.
Rovi Advertising Service enables the monetization of entertainment platforms. It places ads that appear as content choices in application menus and user interfaces for set-top boxes, connected TVs, smartphones, tablets,Blu-ray players, game consoles and other devices.[citation needed]
Rovi Audience Management is a suite of products (Advertising Optimizer and Promotion Optimizer) combining big data withpredictive analytics to provide TV audience insights and advertising campaign management. Ad Optimizer allows provides campaign management and media planning capabilities to TV networks and multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs). Promo Optimizer uses past viewing data to enable cable and broadcast networks to create plans for on-air promos.[30]
The company historically developed technologies and products that helped protect content from being pirated. Its two core legacy products were called RipGuard and the Analog Protection System (APS).
Macrovision introduced its RipGuard technology in February 2005. It was designed to prevent or reduce digital DVD copying by altering the format of the DVD content to disrupt the ripping software. Although the technology could be circumvented by several current DVD rippers such asAnyDVD or DVDFab, Macrovision claimed that 95% of casual users lack the knowledge and/or determination to be able to copy a DVD with RipGuard technology.[31]
The Analog Protection System (APS), also known as Analog Copy Protection (ACP), Copyguard or Macrovision, was the Macrovision Corporation's flagship product, acopy protection system for bothVHS andDVD. Video tapes copied fromDVDs encoded with APS become garbled and unwatchable. The process works by adding pulses to analog video signals to negatively impact theAGC circuit of a recording device. In digital devices, changes to the analogvideo signal are created by a chip that converts the digital video to analog within the device. InDVD players, trigger bits are created duringDVD authoring to inform the APS that it should be applied to DVD players' analog outputs or analog video outputs on aPC while playing back a protected DVD-Video disc. Inset top boxes trigger bits are incorporated intoConditional Access Entitlement Control Messages (ECM) in the stream delivered to the STB. In VHS, alterations to the analog video signal are added in aMacrovision-provided "processor box" used by duplicators.
In 2000, Macrovision acquired Globetrotter, creators of theFLEXlm, which was subsequently renamedFlexnet.[32]
In 2002, Macrovision acquiredIsraeli company Midbar Technologies, developers of theCactus Data Shield music copy protection solution for $17 million. Additionally the same year, Macrovision acquired all the music copy protection and digital rights management (DRM) assets of TTR Technologies (formerly NASDAQ listed under the ticker TTRE).[33]
On November 3, 2014, Rovi acquired Fanhattan, a company that ran the Fan TV service, and owners of The Movie Database,[46] for $12.0 million in cash.[47]
On April 29, 2016, Rovi confirmed that it would acquireTiVo for approximately $1.1 billion.[48]
US$3,163,678,000 (December 31, 2017)
