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Macrochelys

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Genus of turtles

Macrochelys Temporal range:Miocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Chelydridae
Genus:	Macrochelys Gray, 1856^[1]
Type species
Macrochelys temminckii Troost, 1835
Synonyms^[2]
MacroclemysGray, 1856 GypochelysAgassiz, 1857

Macrochelys is agenus of very large freshwater turtles in thefamily Chelydridae, native to the Southeastern and Midwestern United States. Only a singleextant species was recognized until 2014, when a study divided it into two or possibly three species.^[3] These turtles are easily recognized by three distinct dorsal ridges with raised spikes.

Extant species

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Skeleton of an alligator snapping turtle (*Macrochelys temminckii*) on display at theMuseum of Osteology

Traditionally, only a single extant species (M. temminckii) was recognized, but following reviews, two species are now recognized:^[4]^[5] Anatomical differences between the two species ofMacrochelys include the shape of the caudal notch at the rear of the carapace and the angle of the squamosal bone at the rear of the skull.^[6] The two species are estimated to have diverged less than 3.5 million years ago.^[6]

Macrochelys suwanniensisThomas et al., 2014 –Suwannee snapping turtle
Macrochelys temminckii(Troost, 1835) –alligator snapping turtle

A third species has been proposed,^[6]^[7] but its validity is disputed.^[8] Neither theReptile Database^[4] norIUCN's Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group recognize it as separate fromM. temminckii.^[5]

Macrochelys apalachicolaeThomas et al., 2014 –Apalachicola snapping turtle

Fossil history and extinct species

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Unlike thefamily Chelydridae as a whole, thegenusMacrochelys is exclusivelyNorth American. Hutchison (2008) considered the genusChelydrops to be a junior synonym ofMacrochelys, and recombined its type species,Chelydrops stricta from the Miocene (EarlyBarstovian) ofNebraska, as the (then) fourth species ofMacrochelys.^[9]

There are two other species known only fromfossil remains:

†Macrochelys auffenbergiDobie, 1968 (from the MiddlePliocene ofFlorida)
†Macrochelys schmidti (from the Early MiddleMiocene ofNebraska)

References

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^Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour (2012-12-31)."Turtles of the world, 2012 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status"(PDF).Chelonian Research Monographs.5: 000.251.doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012.ISBN 978-0965354097. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2013-06-16.
^Fritz, Uwe;Havaš, Peter (2007)."Checklist of Chelonians of the World".Vertebrate Zoology.57 (2):149–368.doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895.S2CID 87809001.
^John R. Platt (April 17, 2014)."Alligator Snapping Turtles, the Dinosaurs of the Turtle World, Are Actually 3 at-Risk Species".Scientific American.
^^a ^bReptile Database:Macrochelys. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
^^a ^bTurtle Taxonomy Working Group [Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R. Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P.] (2017). "Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed.)." In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Pritchard, P.C.H., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). "Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group."Chelonian Research Monographs 7:1–292.doi:10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017.
^^a ^b ^cThomas, T., Granatosky, M. Bourque, J., Krysko, K., Moler, P., Gamble, T., Suarez, E., Leone, E., Enge, K. & Roman, J. (2014). "Taxonomic assessment of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Chelydridae:Macrochelys), with the description of two new species from the southeastern United States."Zootaxa 3786(2): 141–165.
^Joshua E. Brown (April 24, 2014)."Research splits alligator snapping turtle, 'dinosaur of the turtle world,' into three species".Phys.org.
^Folt, B.; and C. Guyer (2015). "Evaluating recent taxonomic changes for alligator snapping turtles (Testudines: Chelydridae)."Zootaxa 3947(3): 447–450.
^J. Howard Hutchison (2008). "History of fossil Chelydridae". In A.C. Styermark; M.S. Finkler; R.J. Brooks (eds.).Biology of the Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 14–30.

Turtle familyChelydridae

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Family:Chelydridae

Genus

Species of the familyChelydridae

Chelydra

†Chelydrops

†Chelydrops stricta

†Chelydropsis

†Emarginachelys

†Emarginachelys cretacea

†Macrocephalochelys

†Macrocephalochelys pontica

Macrochelys

Alligator snapping turtle (synonymized:Apalachicola snapping turtle)
Suwannee snapping turtle

†Planiplastron

†Protochelydra

†Protochelydra zangerli

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=Extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Macrochelys	Wikidata:Q11765817 Wikispecies:Macrochelys BOLD:201868 CoL:62Y4Y EoL:80200 EPPO:1MCKHG GBIF:3238927 iNaturalist:39693 ITIS:668667 NCBI:571337 Open Tree of Life:1084890 Paleobiology Database:105403 WoRMS:1026088

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