Machilipatnam Masulipatnam Masulipatam Bandar | |
|---|---|
 Koneru Centre | |
  Machilipatnam Machilipatnam (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:16°10′N81°08′E / 16.17°N 81.13°E /16.17; 81.13 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Krishna district |
| Founded | 14th century |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation,MUDA |
| • MLA | Kollu Ravindra (Telugu Desam Party) |
| • Municipal commissioner | Chandraiah |
| Area | |
• City | 26.67 km2 (10.30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 14 m (46 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • Density | 6,875/km2 (17,810/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 232,000 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 521001,002,003,004 |
| Telephone code | 91-08672 |
| Vehicle registration | AP-39, AP-40 |
| Website | machilipatnam |
Machilipatnam (Telugu:[mɐt͡ʃiliːpɐʈnɐm]ⓘ), also known asMasulipatnam andBandar (Telugu:[bɐn̪d̪ɐɾ]),[3] is a city inKrishna district of the Indian state ofAndhra Pradesh. It is amunicipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Krishna district.[4] It is also themandal headquarters ofMachilipatnam mandal inMachilipatnam revenue division of the district.[5][6] The ancient port town served as the settlement of European traders from the 16th century, and it was a major trading port for thePortuguese,British,Dutch andFrench in the 17th century.[7]
During the 17th century, it was known by the namesMasulipatnam,Masulipatam,[8]Masula andBandar (Bandar translates to 'port' inPersian language).[9][10][11] The port town in the ancient times was also referred with the nameMaesolia.[8][12]
The town has existed since at least the 3rd century BCE (Satavahana period) when, according toPtolemy, it was known as Maisolos. ThePeriplus of the Erythraean Sea calls it Masalia in the 1st-century BCE.[13] The port is on the southeastern, orCoromandel Coast, of India. At the mouth of theRiver Krishna on the Bay of Bengal, the Masula port saw flourishing sea trade.[citation needed]
Muslin was traded by ancient Greeks from the town and the wordmuslin originated from the name Maisolos.[14] Muslin was an important source of income for the town, being a favourite of Roman traders for domestic consumption. Several Roman coins were found during excavations of Buddhist towns near Machilipatnam.[15]
The town served as the primary sea port for theKingdom of Golkonda. It was an outlet for textiles produced in theGodavari Delta. It was a major source of income for the kingdom, and contributed to its immense prosperity in the 1620s and 1630s.[16]
By the end of the 17th century, the port city had fallen into decline. This coincided with theMughal conquest of Golkonda. However, mismanagement prior to the conquest may have also been a factor in the city's decline.[17]
Salabat Jung, the son of Nizam-ul-MulkAsaf Jah I, who was indebted for his elevation to the throne to theFrench East India Company, granted them in return for their services the district ofKondavid orGuntur, and soon afterwards the remainder of theCircars. The Circars were captured by the British from the French in 1759 and were returned to the Nizam. However Masulipatnam captured by the British during theSiege of Masulipatam was retained by theEast India Company.[18]
The town was the district headquarters of the then, Masulipatnam district and now to theKrishna district, which was formed in 1859 in the compositeMadras state.[6][19]
Machilipatnam city is at16°10′N81°08′E / 16.17°N 81.13°E /16.17; 81.13 on the southeast coast of India and in the east coast of Andhra Pradesh.[20] The city has an average elevation of 14 meters (45 feet).[21]
Machilipatnam (city) gets most of its annual rainfall due to thesouthwest monsoon. It has atropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw) with hot summers and moderate winters. The hottest months are between April and June. The average normal rainfall in the district is 959 millimetres (37.8 in) and Machilipatnam is vulnerable to high surges of the sea due tocyclones. The1864 Machilipatnam Cyclone claimed to have killed at least 30,000 people. The1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone crossed the coast nearNizampatnam and took approximately 10,000 lives. As the storm approached the coast, gale winds reaching 200 km/h lashedPrakasam,Guntur,Krishna,East Godavari andWest Godavari districts. A storm surge, 5 meters high, inundated the Krishnaestuary and the coast south of the city (Bandar).
On 8 December 2004, a high capacity S-Band Doppler cyclone warning radar was installed, commissioned and made operational at the city[22] by the German manufacturer Gematronik. With the installation of the radar, it is hoped the state will be better equipped to track cyclones. The facility will monitor the 960 km long coastline of the state.[23]
| Climate data for Machilipatnam (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.5 (94.1) | 37.4 (99.3) | 42.2 (108.0) | 44.4 (111.9) | 47.8 (118.0) | 47.0 (116.6) | 42.8 (109.0) | 39.8 (103.6) | 38.2 (100.8) | 37.8 (100.0) | 35.4 (95.7) | 34.6 (94.3) | 47.8 (118.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.5 (85.1) | 31.3 (88.3) | 33.5 (92.3) | 35.4 (95.7) | 37.8 (100.0) | 36.8 (98.2) | 34.2 (93.6) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 30.8 (87.4) | 29.6 (85.3) | 33.1 (91.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 28.5 (83.3) | 30.8 (87.4) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.1 (89.8) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.7 (85.5) | 28.5 (83.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 28.8 (83.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.6 (74.5) | 26.2 (79.2) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 20.5 (68.9) | 24.5 (76.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) | 14.4 (57.9) | 16.1 (61.0) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.2 (55.8) | 13.2 (55.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 6.9 (0.27) | 12.4 (0.49) | 0.9 (0.04) | 9.3 (0.37) | 43.3 (1.70) | 124.4 (4.90) | 182.9 (7.20) | 173.4 (6.83) | 183.7 (7.23) | 208.1 (8.19) | 114.4 (4.50) | 15.3 (0.60) | 1,074.9 (42.32) |
| Average rainy days | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 6.5 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 53.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 68 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 64 | 61 | 67 | 70 | 73 | 76 | 74 | 70 | 69 |
| Source 1:India Meteorological Department[24][25] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[26] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 36,188 | — |
| 1881 | 35,056 | −3.1% |
| 1891 | 38,809 | +10.7% |
| 1901 | 39,507 | +1.8% |
| 1911 | 42,123 | +6.6% |
| 1921 | 43,940 | +4.3% |
| 1931 | 56,928 | +29.6% |
| 1941 | 59,146 | +3.9% |
| 1951 | 77,953 | +31.8% |
| 1961 | 101,417 | +30.1% |
| 1971 | 112,612 | +11.0% |
| 1981 | 138,525 | +23.0% |
| 1991 | 159,110 | +14.9% |
| 2001 | 179,353 | +12.7% |
| 2011 | 169,892 | −5.3% |
As of 2011[update]census, Machilipatnam had a population of 2,32,000. The total population constitutes 1,13,286 males and 1,18,714 females — a sex ratio of 1047 females per 1000 males. 13,778 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 7,076 are boys and 6,702 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 83.32% with 130,173 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 67.41%.[2][27]
Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation is the civic body of the city. It was constituted as a municipality in 1866 and was upgraded to corporation from special grade municipality on 9 December 2015.[28][29] It covers an area of 26.67 km2 (10.30 sq mi) under its jurisdiction. The present commissioner of the corporation is Sampath and the municipal chairperson is Motamarri Venkata Baba Prasad.[30]
Machilipatnam Urban Development Authority is theurban planning authority, headquartered at Machilipatnam.[31]
Machilipatnam is a part ofMachilipatnam (Assembly constituency) forAndhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.Kollu Ravindra is the presentMLA of the constituency from theTelugu Desam Party.[32][33] The assembly segment is also a part ofMachilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency), which was won byBalashowry Vallabhaneni of Janasena Party.[34]
Machilipatnam is known for itshandloom industry, which produces Kalamkari textiles exported to United States and other Asian countries.[citation needed]
Other notable local industries areboat building andfishing.[35] Machilipatnam was a trading base for theEuropeans in the 17th century and known forminting copper coins, exporting diamonds, textiles etc., through the port.[36]
The AP state government is taking measures to bring back the glory of the former port city. On 7 February 2019, it has started construction of a deepseaport and associatedindustrial corridor under the Machilipatnam Area Development Authority.[35][37]
Machilipatnam Kalamkari is ahandcrafteddyed block-painting of afabric.[38] It is performed at the nearby town ofPedana and was registered withgeographical indication from Andhra Pradesh.[39] Machilipatnam and Srikalahasti styles are the only existing Kalamkari style works present in India.[40]
Kuchipudi, a popularIndian Classical Dance form, originated atKuchipudi, 25 kilometers from Machilipatnam.[41]
The city is well known for a sweet known asBandar Laddu and Bandar Halwa.[42] Almond Milkshake is also largely famous in Machilipatanam which are Mostly centred in Koneru Centre. Bandar Biryani is delicious, which is made by Shia Muslims in Moharram rituals .
There are many religions with worship centers in and around the city, such as Panduranga Temple at Chilakalapudi, Agastheeswara Temple etc. Dattashram is a pilgrimage site on the coast and home to ancientShiva andDatta temples. Manginapudi is popularly known as "Datta Rameswaram" due to the consecration of 12 wells for bathing (recalling those atRameswaram).[43]
Machilipatnam is home to the largest Shia population in the entire state of Andhra Pradesh. There are more than a hundred Astanas/Imambargahs (Moharram ritual places).The famous chest beatings happen on Ashura in the Koneru Centre circle, attracting thousands of mourners and visitors from other religions.There are Imambargahs that are more than 600 years old, such as the Zari Astana, Baraimam Astana, Naqla Astana, etc. The Baraimam Alam is taken out for procession around streets of Machilipatnam, a night before Ashura and the Krishna district police offers dhati (A cloth) to the Alam. Hundreds of Shia Muslims from Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Visakhapatnam visit Chehlum Astana for the 17th Safar of Islamic Calendar, where Hazrat Abbas(as)'Arabaeen attracts millions of mourners from across South Asia.
Manginapudi Beach is on the coast of the city.[44] Machilipatnam also has the ruined buildings built by the Europeans who settled here.[45][46]
The city has a total road length of 359.09 km (223.13 mi).[47] TheNational Highway 65 connects Machilipatnam toPune viaHyderabad,Suryapet andVijayawada.NH 216 fromKattipudi toOngole, passes through the city.
The city's bus station is owned and operated byAndhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation.[48][49] The station is equipped with abus depot for storage and maintenance of buses.[50]
Machilipatnam railway station is a 'B–Category' and 'Adarsh station' under the jurisdiction ofVijayawada railway division.[51] It is the terminal station ofVijayawada-Machilipatnam branch line that connectsHowrah-Chennai main line atVijayawada.[52]
Machilipatnam port was damaged by agiant ocean wave on 1 November 1864.[36] Since then, there were many efforts to build a new port. Navayuga Engineering Company Limited is in the process of building adeep water port at Gilakaladinne of the city.[53]
The nearest International airport isGannavaram, Vijayawada (63 kms).
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[54][55]Krishna University is located in Machilipatnam.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Circar".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 380.
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