Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Macedonian dynasty

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rulers of the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056

This article is about the Byzantine dynasty. For the dynasties of ancient Macedon, seeList of kings of Macedonia.

This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Macedonian dynasty" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Macedonian Dynasty
Country	Byzantine Empire
Founded	867
Founder	Basil I
Final ruler	Theodora Porphyrogenita
Titles	Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
Connected families	Lecapenus family House of Argyrus
Deposition	1056

TheMacedonian dynasty (Ancient Greek:Μακεδονική Δυναστεία)ruled the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056, following theAmorian dynasty. During this period, the Byzantine state reached its greatest extent since theearly Muslim conquests, and theMacedonian Renaissance in letters and arts began. The dynasty was named after its founder,Basil I the Macedonian, who came from thetheme ofMacedonia in the region ofThrace.

Origins

[edit]

The dynasty's ethnic origin is unknown, and has been a subject of debate. During Basil's reign, an elaborate genealogy was produced that purported that his ancestors were not mere peasants, as everyone believed, but descendants of theArsacid (Arshakuni) kings of Armenia,Alexander the Great and also ofConstantine the Great.^[1]^[2] Some Persian writers such asHamza al-Isfahani^[3] orAl-Tabari, called Basil aSaqlabi, an ethnogeographic term that usually denoted the Slavs, but it can be interpreted as a generic term encompassing the inhabitants of the region betweenConstantinople and Bulgaria.^[4]

Thus, claims have been made for the dynasty's founder (Basil I) being ofArmenian,^[5]^[6]Slavonic,^[7]^[8] or "Armeno-Slavonic"^[9] descent from his paternal side.

The author of the only dedicated biography of Basil I in English has concluded that it is impossible to be certain what the ethnic origins of the emperor were, though Basil was definitely reliant on the support of Armenians in prominent positions within the Byzantine Empire.^[10]

List of rulers

[edit]

Basil I the Macedonian (Βασίλειος Α') (811–886, ruled 867–886) – marriedEudokia Ingerina, mistress ofMichael III; died in hunting accident
Leo VI the Wise (Λέων ΣΤ') (866–912, ruled 886–912) – son of Eudokia Ingerina, legal son and heir of Basil I; possibly the natural son of Michael III; created church crisis with his fourth marriage—Zoe Karbonopsina, who took over as regent for their son, Constantine VII, in 914 and ruled the empire until 919
Alexander (Αλέξανδρος) (870–913, ruled 912–913) – son of Basil I, regent for nephew
Constantine VII the Purple-born (Κωνσταντῖνος Ζ') (905–959, ruled 913–920 and 945-959) – son of Leo VI and Zoe Karbonopsina; married Helena, daughter of Romanos Lekapenos
Romanos I Lekapenos (Ρωμανός A') (c. 870–948, ruled 920–944) – staged a successful coup in 919 and became senior emperor in 920;^[11] deposed in 944 and exiled
Romanos II the Purple-born (Ρωμανός Β') (938–963, ruled 959–963) – son of Constantine VII and maternal grandson of Romanos I
Nikephoros II Phokas (Νικηφόρος Β' Φωκᾶς) (912–969, ruled 963–969) – successful general, married Romanos II's widow, regent for Basil; assassinated (Origin:Cappadocian)
John I Tzimiskes (Ιωάννης Α')(925-976, ruled 969–976) – successful general, brother-in-law of Romanos II, lover of Nikephoros's wife but banned from marriage, regent for Basil II and Constantine VIII
Basil II (Βασίλειος Β') the Bulgar-slayer (958–1025, ruled 976–1025) – son of Romanos II
Constantine VIII (Κωνσταντῖνος Η') (960-1028, ruled 1025–1028) – son of Romanos II; silent co-emperor with Basil II, sole emperor after his brother's death
Zoe (Ζωή) (c. 978–1050, ruled 1028–1050) – daughter of Constantine VIII
Romanos III Argyros (Ρωμανός Γ') (968–1034, ruled 1028–1034) –eparch of Constantinople; Zoe's first husband, arranged by Constantine VIII; murdered
Michael IV the Paphlagonian (Μιχαήλ Δ') (1010–1041, ruled 1034–1041) – Zoe's second husband
Michael V the Caulker (Μιχαήλ Ε') (1015–1042, ruled 1041–1042) – Michael IV's nephew, Zoe's adopted son
Theodora (Θεοδώρα) (980–1056, ruled 1042) – daughter of Constantine VIII, co-empress with Zoe
Constantine IX Monomachos (Κωνσταντῖνος Θ') (1000–1055, ruled 1042–1055) – Zoe's third husband
Theodora (Θεοδώρα) (ruled 1055–1056) – restored

Non-dynastic

[edit]

Michael VI (Μιχαήλ Ϛ') (ruled 1056–1057) – chosen by Theodora; deposed and entered monastery

Family tree

[edit]

Basil I the Macedonian (813–886)
- from his marriage to Maria:
  - Constantine (865–878), co-emperor with his father
  - Anastasia
- from his marriage to empressEudokia Ingerina:
  - Leo VI the Wise (866–912)
    - Eudokia (died 892)
    - Anna, betrothed and married toLouis the Blind
    - Basil (died 900)
    - Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (905–959), marriedHelena Lekapene, daughter ofRomanos I Lekapenos
      - Romanos II (938–963) married to Bertha, daughter ofHugh of Italy king of Italy
        childless by his marriage to Bertha of Italy
        from his marriage toTheophano:
        Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer (957–1025)
        Constantine VIII (961–1028) marriedHelena, daughter of Alypius
        Eudokia
        Zoe (978–1050), married:
        Romanos III Argyros (ca. 968–1034)
        Michael IV the Paphlagonian (1015–1042)
        Constantine IX Monomachos (ca. 1000–1055)
        Theodora (980–1056)
        Anna Porphyrogeneta (963–1011), marriedVladimir I of Kiev
      - Agathe
      - Theodora, marriedJohn I Tzimiskes
  - Stephen I (867–893),Patriarch of Constantinople
  - Alexander (870–913)

Genealogy

[edit]

Michael III
emperor of the Romans
842–867
AMORIAN DYNASTY

Eudokia Ingerina

Basil I
emperor of the Romans
867–886

Maria

Romanos I Lekapenos
emperor of the Romans
920–944

1.Theophano Martinakia
2.Zoe Zaoutzaina
3.Eudokia Baïana
4.Zoe Karbonopsina

Leo VI the Wise
emperor of the Romans
886–912

Stephen I
Patriarch of Constantinople
886–893

Alexander
emperor of the Romans
912–913

Christopher Lekapenos
co-emperor
921–931
∞ Sophia

Agatha
∞Romanos Argyros

Theophylact
Patriarch of Constantinople
933–956

Helena Lekapene
(Lekapenos)

(4)Constantine VII
emperor of the Romans
913–959

(2) Anna
∞Louis III the Blind
king of Provence,
king of Lombardy
Bosonids

(Maria)Irene Lekapene
∞Peter I
king of Bulgaria
927–969

Argyros

Nikephoros II Phokas
emperor of the Romans
963–969
Phokas

(Anastasia)Theophano
from Laconia

Romanos II
emperor of the Romans
959–963

Theodora Porphyrogenita
empress

John I Tzimiskes
emperor of the Romans
969–976
Kourkouas

Charles Constantine
count of Vienne

Pothos (or Eustathios) Argyros
general

Basil II
emperor of the Romans
976–1025

Constantine VIII
emperor of the Romans
1025–1028
∞Helena of Alypius

Anna Porphyrogenita
∞Vladimir I the Great
grand prince of Kiev
Rurik dynasty

Constance of Vienne
∞Boson II
count of Arles

Maria Argyre
∞Giovanni Orseolo
duke of Dalmatia

Basil Argyros
general of Samos

1.Romanos III Argyros
emperor of the Romans
1028–1034

Zoë Porphyrogenita
empress of the Romans
1028–1050

∞ 2.Michael IV the Paphlagonian
emperor of the Romans 1034–1041

3.Constantine IX Monomachos
emperor of the Romans
1042–1055

Helena Skleraina

Theodora
empress of the Romans
1055–1056

(daughter)
∞Constantine Diogenes

(adopted)

Michael V Kalaphates
emperor of the Romans
1041–1042

Anastasia Monomachaina
∞Vsevolod I of Kiev

Romanos IV Diogenes
emperor of Romans
1068–1071

Eudokia Makrembolitissa
empress

Constantine X Doukas
emperor of the Romans
1059–1067
DOUKAS DYNASTY

Vladimir II Monomakh
grand prince of Kiev

References

[edit]

^Treadgold, Warren T. (1997).A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press. p. 457.ISBN 978-0-8047-2630-6.
^Leo VI. Imperium Byzantinum, Imperator 865–912 (1932).Oraison funèbre de Basile I. Pont. Inst. Orientalium Stud.OCLC 1073789498.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Tobias, Norman (2007).Basil I, founder of the Macedonian Dynasty : a study of the political and military history of the Byzantine Empire in the Ninth century.Lewiston, New York:Edwin Mellen Press.ISBN 978-0-7734-5405-7.OCLC 166873121.
^"The Reign of Leo VI (886–912): Politics and People. Shaun Tougher".Speculum.76 (1):236–238. January 2001.doi:10.2307/2903773.ISSN 0038-7134.JSTOR 2903773.
^Treadgold 1997, p. 455
^Peter Charanis.Studies on the demography of the Byzantine empire: collected studies Variorum Reprints, 1972 p. 223 [360]:"Thus, every emperor who sat on the Byzantine throne the accession of Basil I to the death of Basil II (867–1025) was of Armenian or partially Armenian origin. But besides the emperors there were many others among the military and political leaders of Byzantine during this period who were Armenians or of Armenian descent"
^Tobias 2007, p. 20. Tobias is referring to the writings ofHamza al-Isfahani, a 10th-centuryPersian scholar.
^Finlay 1853, p. 213.
^Vasiliev 1928–1935, p. 301
^Tobias 2007, p. 264
^Chris Wickham, The Inheritance of Rome

Sources

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toMacedonian dynasty.

Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983].The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
Finlay, George (1853).History of the Byzantine Empire from 716–1057. William Blackwood & Sons.
Obolensky, Dimitri (1974) [1971].The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453. London: Cardinal.ISBN 978-0351176449.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956).History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Runciman, Steven (1988) [1929].The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0521357227.
Stephenson, Paul (2000).Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0521770170.
Stephenson, Paul (2003).The Legend of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0521815307.
Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973).Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.ISBN 978-3110022858.
Treadgold, Warren (1997).A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California:Stanford University Press.ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
Vasiliev, Alexander Alexandrovich (1928–1935).History of the Byzantine Empire. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.ISBN 0-299-80925-0.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

Byzantine Empire topics

History

Preceding	Roman Empire Later Roman Empire
Early(330–717)	Constantinian–Valentinianic era Constantinian dynasty Valentinianic dynasty Theodosian era Leonid era Justinian era Heraclian era "Byzantine Dark Ages" Twenty Years' Anarchy
Middle(717–1204)	Isaurian era Nikephorian era Amorian era Macedonian era Doukid era Komnenian era Angelid era
Late(1204–1453)	Sack of Constantinople Fourth Crusade Frankokratia Latin Empire Byzantine successor states (Nicaea /Epirus–Thessalonica /Morea /Trebizond–Theodoro) Palaiologan era Decline of the Byzantine Empire Fall of Constantinople
By modern region or territory	Albania Anatolia Armenia Bulgaria Corsica Crete Cyprus Dalmatia Egypt Greece Italy Sardinia Sicily Maghreb Malta Mesopotamia Palestine Serbia Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands) Syria Thrace

Governance

Central

Emperors Coronation Family tree Empresses Imperial bureaucracy Medieval Greek Senate
Early	Praetorian prefects Magister officiorum Comes sacrarum largitionum Comes rerum privatarum Quaestor sacri palatii
Middle	Logothetes tou dromou Sakellarios Logothetes tou genikou Logothetes tou stratiotikou Chartoularios tou sakelliou Chartoularios tou vestiariou Epi tou eidikou Protasekretis Epi ton deeseon
Late	Megas logothetes Mesazon

Provincial

Early	Praetorian prefectures Dioceses Provinces Quaestura exercitus Exarchate of Ravenna Exarchate of Africa
Middle	Themata Kleisourai Bandon Catepanates
Late	Kephale Despotates

Foreign relations

Military

Army

Battle tactics Battles Beacon Generals Mercenaries Military manuals Military units Revolts
Early	Late Roman army East Roman army Foederati Bucellarii Scholae Palatinae Excubitors
Middle	Themata Kleisourai Tourma Droungos Bandon Tagmata Domestic of the Schools Hetaireia Akritai Varangian Guard
Late	Komnenian army Pronoia Vestiaritai Palaiologan army Allagion Paramonai Grand domestic

Navy

Conflicts

Religion and law

Religion	Eastern Orthodoxy Byzantine Rite Hesychasm Hayhurum Patriarchate of Constantinople Saints Oriental Orthodoxy Alexandrian Rite Armenian Rite West Syriac Rite Miaphysitism Ecumenical councils Arianism Monophysitism Paulicianism Iconoclasm Great Schism Bogomilism Mount Athos Missionary activity Bulgaria Moravia Serbs Kievan Rus' Jews
Law	Codex Theodosianus Corpus Juris Civilis Code of Justinian Ecloga Basilika Hexabiblos Mutilation

Culture and society

Architecture

Secular Sacred Cross-in-square Domes
Constantinople	Basilica Cistern Baths of Zeuxippus Blachernae Palace Chora Church City Walls Great Palace of Constantinople Hagia Irene Hagia Sophia Hippodrome Hippodrome factions Pammakaristos Church Prison of Anemas
Thessalonica	Arch of Galerius and Rotunda Byzantine Bath Hagia Sophia Hagios Demetrios Panagia Chalkeon Walls of Thessaloniki
Ravenna	San Vitale Sant'Apollinare in Classe Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Other locations	Daphni Monastery Hosios Loukas Nea Moni of Chios Panagia Gorgoepikoos Saint Catherine's Monastery Mystras

Art

Economy

Literature

Everyday life

Science
Learning

Impact
Byzantine commonwealth Byzantine studies Museums Byzantinism Cyrillic script Neo-Byzantine architecture Greek scholars in the Renaissance Third Rome Megali Idea

- Index
- Outline
- Portal

v t e Royal houses ofGreece
Argead Antipatrid Antigonid Ptolemaic Seleucid Constantinian Theodosian Leonid Justinian Heraclian Isaurian Nikephorian Amorian Macedonian Doukas Komnenos Angelos Flanders Courtenay Laskaris Palaiologos Wittelsbach Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Zaccaria (Damalas)