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Mac OS X Tiger

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2005 operating system version

Operating system
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger
Version of themacOS operating system
Screenshot of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger. Note that the Apple logo on the menu bar has been changed to one with a less glossy appearance.
DeveloperApple Inc.
OS family
Source modelClosed, withopen source components
General
availability		April 29, 2005; 20 years ago (2005-04-29)[1]
Latest release10.4.11 / November 14, 2007; 18 years ago (2007-11-14)
Update methodApple Software Update
Supported platformsIA-32,x86-64,PowerPC
Kernel typeHybrid (XNU)
LicenseCommercialproprietary software[2]
Preceded byMac OS X 10.3 Panther
Succeeded byMac OS X 10.5 Leopard
Official websiteApple - Mac OS X at theWayback Machine (archived July 28, 2006)
TaglineTiger unleashed.
Support status
Historical, unsupported as of September 4, 2009.Safari support ended November 2010 andiTunes support terminated as well.[3]
Part of a series on
macOS

Mac OS X Tiger (version 10.4) is the 5thmajor release ofmacOS,Apple's desktop andserveroperating system forMac computers. Tiger was released to the public on April 29, 2005, forUS$129.95 as the successor toMac OS X 10.3 Panther. Included features were a fast searching system calledSpotlight, a new version of theSafari web browser,Dashboard, a new 'Unified'theme, and improved support for64-bit addressing onPower Mac G5s. Tiger also had a number of additional features thatMicrosoft had spentseveral years struggling to add toWindows with acceptable performance, such as fast file search and improved graphics processing.[4]

Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was included with all new Macs, and was also available as an upgrade for existing Mac OS X users, or users of supportedpre-Mac OS X systems. The server edition,Mac OS X Server 10.4, was also available for some Macintosh product lines. Six weeks after the official release, Apple had delivered 2 million copies of Tiger, representing 16% of all Mac OS X users. Apple claimed that Tiger was the most successful Apple operating system release in the company's history.[5] On June 11, 2007, atWWDC 2007, Apple's CEO,Steve Jobs, announced that more than 67% of the 22 million Mac OS X users were using Tiger.[6]

Apple announced atransition to Intel x86 processors during Tiger's lifetime, making it the first Apple operating system to work onApple–Intel architecture machines. The originalApple TV, released in March 2007, shipped with a customized version of Tiger branded "Apple TV OS" that replaced the usualGUI with an updated version ofFront Row.[7]

Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was succeeded byMac OS X 10.5 Leopard on October 26, 2007, after 30 months, making Tiger the longest-running version of Mac OS X.[8] The last security update released for Tiger users was the 2009-005 update.[9][10] The latest supported version ofQuickTime is 7.6.4. The latest version ofiTunes that can run on Tiger is 9.2.1.[11] Safari 4.1.3 is the final version for Tiger.[12]

Despite not having received security updates since 2009, Tiger remains popular with Power Mac users andretrocomputing enthusiasts due to its wide software and hardware compatibility, as it is the last Mac OS X version to support theClassic Environment – aMac OS 9 compatibility layer – andPowerPC G3 processors.[13]

System requirements

[edit]

Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was initially available in aPowerPC edition, with anIntel edition released beginning at version 10.4.4. There is no universal version of the client operating system, although Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger Server was made available on a universal DVD from version 10.4.7. While Apple shipped the PowerPC edition bundled with PowerPC-based Macs and also sold it as a separate retail box, the only way to obtain the Intel version was to buy an Intel-based Mac bundled with it. However, it was possible to buy the 'restore' DVDs containing the Intel version through unofficial channels such aseBay, and officially through Apple if one could provide proof of purchase of the appropriate Intel Mac. These grey-colored 'restore' DVDs supplied with new Macs, are designed to only restore on the model of Mac that they are intended for. However, they can be modified to work on any Intel Mac. The retail PowerPC-only DVD can be used on any PowerPC-based Mac supported by Tiger.

The system requirements of the PowerPC edition are:[14]

  • Macintosh computer with a PowerPC G3, G4 or G5 family processor
  • Built-inFireWire
  • DVD drive for installation
  • 256MB of RAM
  • 3GB of available hard disk space (4GB if the user installs the developer tools)

Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger removed support for olderNew World ROM Macs such as the originaliMacs andiBooks that were supported in Mac OS X 10.3 Panther; however it is possible to install Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger on these Macs using third-party software (such asXPostFacto) that overrides the checks made at the beginning of the installation process. Likewise, machines such asbeige Power Mac G3s and 'Wall Street' PowerBook G3s that were dropped by Mac OS X Panther can also be made to run both Mac OS X Panther and Mac OS X Tiger in this way. Also, Tiger can be installed on unsupported New World ROM Macs by installing it on a supported Mac, then swapping hard drives. Old World ROM Macs require the use of XPostFacto to install Tiger.

Tiger was the last version of Mac OS X to support thePowerPC G3 family of processors.

History

[edit]

The name "Mac OS X Tiger" was reported by Mac Magazine on March 30, 2004; According to Mac Magazine, this information came from a safe source. Furthermore, Mac Magazine reported that the internal codename for Mac OS X Tiger had been "Merlot".[15]

Apple mentioned Mac OS X Tiger by name in a press release published on May 4, 2004, for its upcoming WWDC 2004 event.[16]

Apple CEO Steve Jobs first presented Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger in hiskeynote presentation at the WWDC on June 28, 2004. In October and December 2004, several non-commercial developers' releases of Tiger leaked onto the internet viaBitTorrent file sharers. Apple sued these file sharers.[17] On April 12, 2005, Apple announced Tiger's worldwide release would be April 29. AllApple Stores around the world held Tiger seminars, presentations and demos.

On June 6, 2005, at the WWDC inSan Francisco, Jobs reported that nearly two million copies had been sold in Tiger's first six weeks of release, making Tiger the most successful operating system release in Apple's history. Jobs then disclosed that Mac OS X had been engineered from its inception to work with Intel'sx86 line of processors in addition to the PowerPC, theCPU for which the operating system had always been publicly marketed. Apple concurrently announced its intent to release the first x86-based computers in June 2006, and to move the rest of its computers to x86 microprocessors by June 2007. On January 10, 2006, Apple presented its newiMac andMacBook Pro computers running onIntel Core Duo processors, and announced that the entire Apple product line would run on Intel processors by the end of 2006. Apple then released theMac Pro and announced the newXserve on August 8, completing the Intel transition in 210 days, roughly ten months ahead of the original schedule.

Tiger is the first version of Mac OS X to be supplied on a DVD rather than a CD, although the DVD could originally be exchanged for CDs for $9.95.

Reception

[edit]

John Siracusa, writing forArs Technica, wrote that some features in Tiger were half-baked, such as filesystemmetadata, Spotlight, and Dashboard. According to Siracusa, Spotlight in Tiger is confusing because it has two disparate interfaces which are kept separate, yet can accomplish the same task. Siracusa also wrote that some of Dashboard's UI choices were strange.[18]

New and changed features

[edit]

End-user features

[edit]

Apple advertised that Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger had over 150 new and improved features, including:

  • Spotlight — Spotlight is a full-text andmetadata search engine that can search everything on one's Mac, includingMicrosoft Word documents,iCal calendars andAddress Book contact cards. The feature is also used to build the concept of 'smart folders' into theFinder. Spotlight will index files as they are saved, so they can be quickly and easily found through a search-as-you-type box in the menu bar. As a side-effect, it adds hidden folders and indexing files to removable media like USB flash drives.
  • iChat AV — The new iChat AV 3.0 in Tiger supports up to four participants in a video conference and ten participants in an audio conference. It also now supports communication using theXMPP protocol. An XMPP server callediChat Server is included on Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger Server.
  • Safari RSS — The new Safari 2.0web browser in Tiger featured a built-in reader forRSS andAtomweb syndication that can be accessed easily from an RSS button in the address bar of the web browser window. An updated version of Safari, included as part of the free 10.4.3 update, can also pass theAcid2 web standards test.
  • Mail 2 — The new version of Mail.appemail client included in Tiger featured an updated interface, "Smart Mailboxes", which utilizes the Spotlight search system, parental controls, as well as several other features.
  • Automator — A scripting tool to link applications together to form complex automated workflows (written inAppleScript,Cocoa, or both). Automator came with a complete library of actions for several applications that can be used together to make a Workflow.
  • VoiceOver — screen reader interface similar to Jaws for Windows and other Windows screen readers that offers the blind and visually impaired user keyboard control and spokenEnglish descriptions of what is happening on screen. VoiceOver enables users with visual impairment to use applications via keyboard commands. VoiceOver is capable of reading aloud the contents of files including web pages, mail messages and word processing files. Complete keyboard navigation lets the user control the computer with the keyboard rather than the mouse, a menu is displayed in a window showing all the available keyboard commands that can be used.
  • A complete built-in Dictionary/Thesaurus based on theNew Oxford American Dictionary, Second Edition, accessible through an application, Dictionary, a Dashboard widget, and as a system-wide command (see below).
  • .Mac syncing — Though this was not a new feature, .Mac syncing in Tiger is much improved over Panther. Syncing tasks in Tiger are now accomplished through the .Mac system preferences pane rather than theiSync application.
  • QuickTime 7 — A new version of Apple's multimedia software has support for the newH.264/AVC codec, which offers better quality and scalability than othervideo codecs.[citation needed] This new codec is used by iChat AV for clearer video conferencing. New classes within Cocoa provide full access to QuickTime for Cocoa application developers. The new QuickTime 7 player application bundled with Tiger now includes more advanced audio and video controls as well as a more detailed Information dialog, and the new player has been rebuilt using Apple'sCocoa API to take advantage of the new technologies more easily.
  • NewUnix features — New versions ofcp,mv, andrsync that support files withresource forks. Command-line support for features such as the above-mentioned Spotlight is also included.
  • Xcode 2.0 — Xcode 2.0, Apple's Cocoa development tool now includes visual modelling, an integrated Apple Reference Library and graphical remotedebugging.

New applications in Tiger

[edit]
  • Dashboard — The Dashboard is a new mini-applications layer based onHTML,CSS, andJavaScript, which returns thedesk accessories concept to Mac OS. These accessories are known aswidgets. It comes with several widgets such as Weather, World Clock, Unit Converter, Dictionary/Thesaurus, and others (full list). More are available to download for free online. Its similarity to theKonfabulator application caused some criticism.[19]
  • Automator — Automator uses workflows to process repetitive tasks automatically.
  • Grapher — Grapher is a new application capable of creating 2D and 3D graphs similar to those ofGraphing Calculator.
  • Dictionary — A dictionary and thesaurus program that uses theNew Oxford American Dictionary. It has a fast GUI for displaying the Dictionary, and allows the user to search the dictionary with Spotlight, to print definitions, and to copy and paste text into documents. Dictionary also provides a Dictionary service in the Application menu, and Cocoa andWebKit provide a global keyboard shortcut (ctrl-⌘-D by default) for all applications that display text with them. Its use was furthered in Mac OS X Leopard by providing definitions fromWikipedia. The Dictionary application is a more feature-filled version of the Dictionary widget.
  • Quartz Composer — Quartz Composer is a development tool for processing and rendering graphical data.
  • AU Lab — AU Lab is a developer application for testing and mixingAudio Units.

Improvements

[edit]
  • An upgradedkernel with optimized kernel resource locking andaccess control lists, and with support for64-bituserlandaddress spaces on machines with 64-bit processors.[20]
  • An updated libSystem with both 32-bit and 64-bit versions; combined with the aforementioned kernel change, this allows individual applications to address more than 4 GB of memory when run on 64-bit processors, although an application using Apple libraries or frameworks other than libSystem would need to have two processes, one running the 64-bit code and one running the code that requires other libraries and frameworks.[20][21]
  • A new startupdaemon calledlaunchd that allows for faster booting.
  • The printing dialog in Tiger now features a drop down menu for creatingPDFs, sending PDFs to Mail, and other PDF related actions. However, the user interface was criticized for creating a hybridUI element that looks like a plain button but acts like a pop-up menu. This is one of only three places in the entire Mac OS X interface where such an element appears.[citation needed]
  • Dock menus now have menu items to open an application at login, or to remove the icon from the dock.
  • The Window menu in the Finder now features a "Cycle Through Windows" menu item.
  • The Get Info window for items in the Finder now includes a "More Info" section that includes Spotlight information tags such as Image Height & Width, when the file was last opened, and where the file originated.
  • Early development of resolution independence. Apple notes that this will be a user-level feature in a future version of Mac OS X.[22] Among the changes, the maximum size of icons was increased to 256x256. However, the Finder does not yet support this size.

Technologies

[edit]
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  • Core Image: A graphics processing API that allows programmers to leverage programmable GPUs for fast image processing for special effects and image correction tools. Some of the included Image Units are Blur, Color Blending, Generator Filters, Distortion Filters, Geometry Filters, and Halftone features.
  • Core Data: A data persistence API that makes it easier for developers to handle structured data in their applications. Core Data provides undo, redo, and save functions for developers without them having to write any code.
  • Core Video: A video graphics API that leverages Core Image to provide real-time video processing. Apple's Motion real-time video effects program takes advantage of Core Video in Tiger. Core Video lets developers easily integrate real-time video effects and processing into their applications.
  • Core Audio: Integrates a range of audio functionality directly into the operating system.

In addition to these APIs, Tiger introduces a new window theme, often described as 'Unified'. A variation on the standard, non-brushed metal theme used since the introduction of Mac OS X, this theme integrates the title bar and the toolbar of a window. A prominent example of an application that utilizes this theme is Mail.

Tiger is also the first version of Mac OS X to include the "Zoom" screen magnifier functionality.

Tiger trademark lawsuit

[edit]

Shortly before the release of Mac OS X Tiger, the computer retailerTigerDirect.com, Inc. filed a lawsuit against Apple, alleging that Apple infringed TigerDirect.com's trademark with the Mac OS X Tiger operating system.[23]

The following is a quotation from TigerDirect.com's court memorandum:

Apple Computer's use of its infringing family of Tiger marks to expand sales of products besides its operating system software is already evident — for example, Apple Computer is offering free iPods and laptops as part of its Tiger World Premiere giveaway. In short, notwithstanding its representation to the PTO that it would only use Tiger in connection with their unique computer operating system software, Apple Computer has in recent weeks used a family of Tiger marks in connection with a substantially broader group of products and services, including the very products and services currently offered by Tiger Direct under its famous family of Tiger marks.[24]

In 2005 TigerDirect was denied apreliminary injunction that would have prevented Apple from using the mark while the case was decided.[25] Apple and TigerDirect reached a settlement in 2006, after which TigerDirect withdrew its opposition.[26]

Support for Intel processors

[edit]
Mac transition to
Intel processors
Intel mobile processor

At Apple's 2005 Worldwide Developers Conference, CEO Steve Jobs announced that the companywould begin selling Mac computers with Intelx86 processors in 2006. To allow developers to begin producing software for these Intel-based Macs, Apple made available aprototype Intel-based Mac ("Developer Transition Kit") that included a version of Mac OS X v10.4.1 compiled to run on x86 processors.

This build included Apple'sRosetta compatibility layer — a translation process that allows x86-based Macs to run software built only for PowerPC, with a moderate performance penalty. This is contrasted with the contemporary Mac OS 9 Classic mode, which used a comparatively large amount of system resources.

Soon after the Developer Transition Kits began shipping, copies of Tiger x86 were leaked ontofile sharing networks. Although Apple had implemented aTrusted Computingdigital rights management scheme in the transition hardware and OS in an attempt to stop people installing Tiger x86 on non-Apple PCs, theOSx86 project soon managed to remove this restriction.[27] As Apple released each update with newer safeguards to prevent its use on non-Apple hardware, unofficially modified versions were released that circumvented Apple's safeguards. However, with the release of 10.4.5, 10.4.6, and 10.4.7 the unofficially modified versions continued to use the kernel from 10.4.4 because later kernels have hardware locks and depend heavily onEFI. By late 2006, the 10.4.8 kernel had been cracked.[28]

AtMacWorld San Francisco 2006, Jobs announced the immediate availability of Mac OS X v10.4.4, the first publicly available release of Tiger compiled for both PowerPC- and Intel x86-based machines. This version was the first version, other than the version provided with the Developer Transition Kits, to include Rosetta.

Release history

[edit]
VersionBuildDateDarwin versionNotes
10.48A428April 29, 20058.0Preinstalled on much of the new line of computers
8A432Original retail release
10.4.18B15May 16, 20058.1Improved reliability, particularly in networking; improved compatibility with software and hardware devices.[29] Also addresses a widget auto-installation issue.[30]
8B17May 19, 2005Server edition
10.4.28C46July 12, 20058.2
8C47Server edition
8E102October 12, 2005Exclusively forFront RowiMac G5 released on same date
8E45October 19, 2005Exclusively forPowerBook G4s released on same date
8E90Exclusively forPower Mac G5 Dual and Quad released on same date
10.4.38F46October 31, 20058.3
8F1111November, 2005Intel[31]
10.4.48G32January 10, 20068.4PowerPC
8G1165Shipped on initial Intel-based Macs
10.4.58H14February 14, 20068.5PowerPC
8G1454Intel
10.4.68I127April 3, 20068.6PowerPC; Finalretail release
8I1119Intel
10.4.78J135June 27, 20068.7PowerPC
8J2135aIntel
8K1079August 7, 2006Exclusively forMac Pro released the same date
8N5107Exclusively forApple TV (formerly codenamed iTV)[32]
10.4.88L127September 29, 20068.8PowerPC
8L2127Intel and Universal Server Edition
10.4.98P135March 13, 20078.9PowerPC
8P2137Intel and Universal Server Edition
10.4.108R218June 20, 20078.10PowerPC
8R2218Intel and Universal Server Edition
8R2232
10.4.118S165November 14, 20078.11PowerPC
8S2167Intel and Universal Server Edition

Timeline

[edit]
Timeline of Mac operating systems

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Apple Unleashes "Tiger" Friday at 6:00 p.m." (Press release).Apple Inc. April 28, 2005.Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. RetrievedJanuary 11, 2018.
  2. ^"SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR MAC OS X Single Use License"(PDF).apple.com.Apple Inc.Archived(PDF) from the original on August 4, 2016. RetrievedMarch 19, 2015.
  3. ^Gregg Keizer (December 17, 2013)."Apple signals end to OS X Snow Leopard support".Computerworld.Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. RetrievedJune 23, 2014.The company did the same for OS X Tiger, officially known as OS X 10.4, which was retired from support in September 2009, more than four years after its introduction.
  4. ^Keizer, Gregg (January 29, 2007)."Microsoft's Vista Had Major Mac Envy, Company E-Mails Reveal".Information Week.Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. RetrievedAugust 9, 2017.
  5. ^Cohen, Peter; Snell, Jason (June 5, 2005)."WWDC 2005 Keynote Live Update".Macworld.Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. RetrievedDecember 28, 2021.
  6. ^Apple Inc. (June 11, 2007)."WWDC 2007 Keynote".Archived from the original on June 14, 2007. RetrievedJune 13, 2007.
  7. ^"Apple TV OS successfully booted on Macs".MacNN. March 27, 2007.Archived from the original on April 1, 2007. RetrievedApril 15, 2007.
  8. ^Knight, Dan (April 13, 2007)."Leopard Delayed to October. And the Bad Thing Is?".LowEnd Mac. Cobweb Publishing, Inc.Archived from the original on January 16, 2008. RetrievedDecember 9, 2007.
  9. ^Apple Inc. (September 10, 2009)."Security Update 2009-005 (Tiger PPC)". RetrievedOctober 1, 2023.
  10. ^Apple Inc. (September 10, 2009)."Security Update 2009-005 (Tiger Intel)". RetrievedOctober 1, 2023.
  11. ^Apple Inc. (September 1, 2010)."iTunes 10". Archived fromthe original on September 5, 2010.
  12. ^Apple Inc. (August 18, 2023)."Apple security updates (2010)". RetrievedOctober 1, 2023.
  13. ^Low End Mac (April 29, 2011)."6 Years With Tiger".Archived from the original on May 10, 2012. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2012.
  14. ^Apple."Mac OS X Tiger: System requirements". Apple. Archived fromthe original on January 5, 2010. RetrievedOctober 18, 2009.
  15. ^"Mac OS X 10.4 terá codinome "Tiger", voltando à série de felinos" (in Portuguese). March 30, 2004. Archived fromthe original on April 5, 2004. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023.
  16. ^"Steve Jobs to Kick off Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference 2004 with Preview of Mac OS X "Tiger"" (Press release). Apple.
  17. ^"Apple sues 'Tiger' file sharers".BBC News. London: BBC. December 22, 2004.Archived from the original on October 3, 2016. RetrievedDecember 9, 2007.
  18. ^"Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger". April 28, 2005.
  19. ^John Siracusa (April 28, 2005)."Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger". p. 17.Archived from the original on May 26, 2007. RetrievedJune 11, 2006.
  20. ^abJohn Siracusa (April 28, 2005)."Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger".ArsTechnica.com. p. 4. RetrievedFebruary 25, 2007.
  21. ^Apple (March 6, 2006)."Developing 64-bit applications".Apple Developer Connection. Archived fromthe original on September 25, 2007. RetrievedMarch 5, 2007.
  22. ^"Resolution Independent UI". Apple Developer Connection.Archived from the original on December 26, 2008. RetrievedJuly 10, 2006.
  23. ^AppleInsider Staff (April 28, 2005)."Apple sued over "Tiger," injunction sought". AppleInsider.Archived from the original on April 10, 2007. RetrievedJuly 10, 2006.
  24. ^lawyerguy (April 28, 2005)."Some points for TigerDirect". Slashdot.Archived from the original on September 19, 2022. RetrievedJuly 10, 2006.
  25. ^Kasper Jade (May 13, 2005)."Court sides with Apple over "Tiger" trademark dispute". AppleInsider.Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. RetrievedAugust 10, 2006.
  26. ^"Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, proceeding 91163437". May 8, 2006.Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2015.
  27. ^Mark Baard (August 12, 2005)."Mac Hacks Allow OS X on PCs".Wired. Wired News.Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. RetrievedJuly 10, 2006.
  28. ^Tony Smith (October 25, 2006)."Mac OS X 10.4.8 runs on any PC..."The Register.Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. RetrievedMarch 21, 2020.
  29. ^"Mac OS X Update 10.4.1".
  30. ^"Mac OS X 10.4.1: Release Notes, difference between Software Update/Download versions".
  31. ^Tariq (November 29, 2005)."iTunes universal binary, Rosetta improvements arrive in latest Intel build".Appleinsider. Archived fromthe original on April 27, 2006.
  32. ^"Apple TV OS 10.4.7 - AwkwardTV". Wiki.awkwardtv.org. Archived fromthe original on July 22, 2011. RetrievedJune 21, 2011.

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