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Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromMODIS)
Payload imaging sensor
"MODIS" redirects here. For the singular, seeModi. For other uses, seeModis.

Ash plumes onKamchatka Peninsula, eastern Russia.
Hurricane Katrina near the Florida peninsula.
California wildfires.
Solar irradiance spectrum and MODIS bands.
External view of the MODIS unit.
Exploded view of the MODIS subsystems.
This detailed, photo-like view of Earth is based largely on observations from MODIS.

TheModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a satellite-based sensor used for earth and climate measurements. There are two MODIS sensors inEarth orbit: one on board theTerra (EOS AM) satellite, launched byNASA in 1999; and one on board theAqua (EOS PM) satellite, launched in 2002. Since 2011, MODIS operations have been supplemented byVIIRS sensors, such as the one aboardSuomi NPP. The systems often conduct similar operations due to their similar designs and orbits (with VIIRS data systems designed to be compatible with MODIS), though they have subtle differences contributing to similar but not identical uses.[1][2]

The MODIS instruments were built by Santa Barbara Remote Sensing.[3] They capture data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4μm to 14.4 μm and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km). Together the instruments image the entire Earth every 1 to 2 days. They are designed to provide measurements in large-scale global dynamics including changes in Earth'scloud cover,radiation budget and processes occurring in the oceans, on land, and in thelower atmosphere.

Support and calibration is provided by the MODIS characterization support team (MCST).[4]

Applications

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This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(September 2014)

With its high temporal resolution although low spatial resolution, MODIS data are useful to track changes in the landscape over time. Examples of such applications are the monitoring of vegetation health by means of time-series analyses with vegetation indices,[5] long term land cover changes (e.g. to monitor deforestation rates),[6][7][8][9] global snow cover trends,[10][11] water inundation from pluvial, riverine, orsea level rise flooding in coastal areas,[12] change of water levels of major lakes such as theAral Sea,[13][14] and the detection and mapping ofwildland fires in the United States.[15] TheUnited States Forest Service's Remote Sensing Applications Center analyzes MODIS imagery on a continuous basis to provide information for the management and suppression of wildfires.[16]

Specifications

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Specifications
Orbit705 km, 10:30 a.m. descending node (Terra) or 1:30 p.m. ascending node (Aqua), Sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular
Scan rate20.3 rpm, cross track
Swath2330 km (cross track) by 10 km (along track at nadir)
Dimensions
Telescope17.78 cm diam. off-axis,afocal (collimated), with intermediate field stop
Size1.0 × 1.6 × 1.0 m
Weight228.7 kg
Power162.5 W (single orbit average)
Data rate10.6 Mbit/s (peak daytime); 6.1 Mbit/s (orbital average)
Quantization12 bits
Spatial resolution250 m (bands 1–2) 500 m (bands 3–7) 1000 m (bands 8–36)
Temporal resolution1–2 days[17]
Design life6 years

Calibration

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MODIS utilizes four on-board calibrators in addition to the space view in order to provide in-flight calibration: solar diffuser (SD), solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM), spectral radiometric calibration assembly (SRCA), and a v-grooveblack body.[18] MODIS has used themarine optical buoy for vicarious calibration.

MODIS bands

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BandWavelength
(nm)		Resolution
(m)		Primary use
1620–670250Land/cloud/aerosols
boundaries
2841–876250
3459–479500Land/cloud/aerosols
properties
4545–565500
51230–1250500
61628–1652500
72105–2155500
8405–4201000Ocean color/
phytoplankton/
biogeochemistry
9438–4481000
10483–4931000
11526–5361000
12546–5561000
13662–6721000
14673–6831000
15743–7531000
16862–8771000
17890–9201000Atmospheric
water vapor
18931–9411000
19915–9651000
BandWavelength
(μm)		Resolution
(m)		Primary use
203.660–3.8401000Surface/cloud
temperature
213.929–3.9891000
223.929–3.9891000
234.020–4.0801000
244.433–4.4981000Atmospheric
temperature
254.482–4.5491000
261.360–1.3901000Cirrus clouds
water vapor
276.535–6.8951000
287.175–7.4751000
298.400–8.7001000Cloud properties
309.580–9.8801000Ozone
3110.780–11.2801000Surface/cloud
temperature
3211.770–12.2701000
3313.185–13.4851000Cloud top
altitude
3413.485–13.7851000
3513.785–14.0851000
3614.085–14.3851000

MODIS data

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MODIS Level 3 datasets

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The following MODIS Level 3 (L3) datasets are available from NASA, as processed by the Collection 5 software.[19]

Daily8-day16-day32-dayMonthlyYearlyGridPlatformDescription
MxD08_D3MxD08_E3——MxD08_M3—1° CMGTerra, AquaAerosol, cloud water vapor, ozone
MxD10A1MxD10A2————500 m SINTerra, AquaSnow cover
MxD11A1MxD11A2————1000 m SINTerra, AquaLand surface temperature/emissivity
MxD11B1—————6000 m SINTerra, AquaLand surface temperature/emissivity
MxD11C1MxD11C2——MxD11C3—0.05° CMGTerra, AquaLand surface temperature/emissivity
——MxD13C1—MxD13C2—0.05° CMGTerra, AquaVegetation indices
MxD14A1MxD14A2————1000 m SINTerra, AquaThermal anomalies, fire
————MCD45A1—500 m SINTerra+AquaBurned area
250 m SIN500 m SIN1000 m SIN0.05° CMG1° CMGTime windowPlatformDescription
MxD09Q1MxD09A1———8-dayTerra, AquaSurface reflectance
———MxD09CMG—DailyTerra, AquaSurface reflectance
—MCD12Q1—MCD12C1—YearlyTerra+AquaLand cover type
—MCD12Q2———YearlyTerra+AquaLand cover dynamics

(global vegetationphenology)

MxD13Q1MxD13A1MxD13A2MxD13C1—16-dayTerra, AquaVegetation indices
——MxD13A3MxD13C2—MonthlyTerra, AquaVegetation indices
—MCD43A1MCD43B1MCD43C1—16-dayTerra+AquaBRDF/albedo model parameters
—MCD43A3MCD43B3MCD43C3—16-dayTerra+AquaAlbedo
—MCD43A4MCD43B4MCD43C4—16-dayTerra+AquaNadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance
Image based on observations from MODIS

See also

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References

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  1. ^NASA Earth Data."VIIRS; Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite". NASA. Retrieved6 March 2025.
  2. ^UN-SPIDER."Detecting forest fires with satellites (MODIS and VIIRS)". UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. Retrieved6 March 2025.
  3. ^"MODIS Components". Retrieved11 August 2015.
  4. ^"MODIS Characterization Support Team". Retrieved18 July 2015.
  5. ^LU, L., KUENZER, C., WANG, C., GUO, H., Li, Q., 2015: Evaluation of three MODIS-derived Vegetation Index Time Series for Dry land Vegetation Dynamics Monitoring. Remote Sensing, 2015, 7, 7597–7614; doi:10.3390/rs70607597
  6. ^LEINENKUGEL; P., WOLTERS, M., OPPELT, N., KUENZER, C., 2014: Tree cover and forest cover dynamics in the Mekong Basin from 2001 to 2011. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 158, 376–392
  7. ^KLEIN, I., GESSNER, U. and C. KUENZER, 2012: Regional land cover mapping in Central Asia using MODIS time series. Applied Geography 35, 1–16
  8. ^LU, L., KUENZER, C., GUO, H., Li, Q., LONG, T., LI, X., 2014: A Novel Land Cover Classification Map Based on MODIS Time-series in Nanjing, China. Remote Sensing, 6, 3387–3408; doi:10.3390/rs6043387
  9. ^GESSNER, U.; MACHWITZ, M.; ESCH, T.; TILLACK, A.; NAEIMI, V.; KUENZER, C.; DECH, S. (2015): Multi-sensor mapping of West African land cover using MODIS, ASAR and TanDEM-X/TerraSAR-X data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 282–297
  10. ^Hall, Dorothy K; Riggs, George A; Salomonson, Vincent V; DiGirolamo, Nicolo E; Bayr, Klaus J (2002)."MODIS snow-cover products".Remote Sensing of Environment.83 (1–2):181–194.Bibcode:2002RSEnv..83..181H.doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00095-0.hdl:2060/20010069265.S2CID 129808147.
  11. ^Hall, Dorothy K.; Riggs, George A.; Salomonson, Vincent V. (1995)."Development of methods for mapping global snow cover using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data".Remote Sensing of Environment.54 (2):127–140.Bibcode:1995RSEnv..54..127H.doi:10.1016/0034-4257(95)00137-P.
  12. ^KUENZER, C, KLEIN, I., ULLMANN; T., FOUFOULA-GEORGIOU, E., BAUMHAUER, R., DECH, S., 2015: Remote Sensing of River Delta Inundation: exploiting the Potential of coarse spatial Resolution, temporally-dense MODIS Time Series. Remote Sensing, 7, 8516–8542
  13. ^KLEIN, I., DIETZ, A., GESSNER, U., DECH, S., KUENZER, C., 2015: Results of the Global WaterPack: a novel product to assess inland water body dynamics on a daily basis. Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 6, No. 1, 78–87
  14. ^"Shrinking Aral Sea."NASA Earth Observatory. Retrieved: 30 September 2014.
  15. ^Wigglesworth, Alex (6 November 2019)."Satellite image shows Kincade fire burn scar".Los Angeles Times. Retrieved7 November 2019.
  16. ^"MODIS Active Fire Mapping Program FAQs."Archived 2 July 2013 at theWayback MachineUnited States Forest Service. Retrieved: 30 September 2014.
  17. ^NASA.gov
  18. ^"MODIS Design". Retrieved11 August 2015.
  19. ^"MODIS Products Table". Archived fromthe original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved12 June 2011.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toPhotos by MODIS.
  • ECHO Reverb – the next generation metadata and service discovery tool,[1] which has replaced the former Warehouse Inventory and Search Tool (WIST);
  • LAADS Web – Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) web interface;
  • LANCE-MODIS – Land Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS[2]
  • "FTP link".ladsftp.nascom.nasa.gov (FTP).[dead ftp link](To view documents seeHelp:FTP) – LAADS underlyingFTP server;
  • http://e4ftl01.cr.usgs.gov/ – Earth land surface datasets;
  • "FTP link".n4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov (FTP).[dead ftp link](To view documents seeHelp:FTP) – snow and ice datasets.
National
Other

Modis has 36 spectral bands

  1. ^"About Reverb". Archived fromthe original on 20 November 2011. Retrieved7 November 2011.
  2. ^"LANCE-MODIS". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved15 September 2014.
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