TheMonitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) is anX-ray telescope mounted on theInternational Space Station since 2009. The instrument uses widefield of view X-ray detectors to perform asky survey, measuring the brightness of X-ray sources every 96 minutes (one ISS orbit).
MAXI was developed by theJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). It was launched in 2009 and mounted on the outside of theKibō module.
The instrument uses several widefield of viewX-ray detectors, including the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) and the Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC),[1] to monitorastronomical X-ray sources for variability. MAXI conducts a fullsky survey every 96 minutes (one ISS orbit).
In August 2022 a fast X-ray follow-up observation program was started with theNICER instrument named "OHMAN (On-orbit Hookup of MAXI and NICER)" to detect sudden bursts in X-ray phenomena.[2]
MAXI operations commenced in August 2009 with an original two-year operation plan. JAXA has extended mission duration multiple times with the latest extension to March 2021.[3]
MAXI helped discover the rapidly rotating black-hole/star systemMAXI J1659-152.[4]
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iSEEP Wide-Field MAXI (iWF-MAXI) is a follow-on instrument to the current MAXI. Compared with MAXI, which can only monitor 2% of the celestial sphere instantaneously, iWF-MAXI is always capable of monitoring 10%, and can monitor up to 80% in 92 minutes. iWF-MAXI will utilize the i-SEEP (IVA-replaceable Small Exposed Experiment Platform) bus, an exposure adapter for middle-sized payloads inJEM-EF. Chosen as anISAS Mission of Opportunity in 2015,[5] iWF-MAXI has started observation at the ISS in 2019.[6]
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