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|---|---|---|---|---|
 Map showing the Lusaka–Mongu Road through Zambia | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Length | 584 km (363 mi) | |||
| Existed | 1969–present | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| East end |   T2 /T4 inLusaka | |||
| Major intersections | D809 connecting with the M20 inMumbwa | |||
| West end |  M10 inMongu | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | Zambia | |||
| Provinces | Lusaka,Central,Western | |||
| Major cities | Lusaka,Mumbwa,Kaoma,Mongu | |||
| Highway system | ||||
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TheLusaka–Mongu Road ofZambia runs 580 km from the capital,Lusaka, toMongu, capital of theWestern Province. It connects that province to the rest of the country, as well as being one of two routes to the south-west extremity ofNorth-Western Province. It also serves as the main highway of the western half ofCentral Province. The entire route from Lusaka to Mongu is designated as the M9 road.[1][2]
Road development was slower to start in the west of the country than in other parts. Adirt road was built from theGreat North Road at Landless Corner toMumbwa in the early 1930s (today designated as the M20[1][2] and now known as the "Old Mumbwa Road"), but was not extended toKaoma and Mongu until 1937, about ten years afterroad transport started in other provinces. This road to Mongu did not have the same recognition and maintenance as the better-knownGreat North Road andGreat East Road, and was also for a time only the third most used route to the west. A route by ox wagon and boat up theZambezi fromLivingstone was the most used in the first decades of the 20th century. A road was made from Mululwe, the end of theMulobezi Railway, along the banks of theLuampa River and then across the sandy plain to Mongu about the same time that this road was built and, thanks to the railway, was used more, until the 1950s.[3]
The first Lusaka-Mongu Road was a dirt road withpontoon ferries across rivers such as theKafue. It passed through only two towns: Mumbwa and Kaoma. The first 100 km passed through farmland and bush north of theKafue Flats and like the middle section crossing theKafue National Park, was constructed withlaterite gravel. Most of the last third passes through virtually uninhabited bush with no streams or rivers. It is completely dry except after rain in the wet season and is very sandy, which took its toll on trucks and their drivers, as vehicles could get bogged in sand in the dry season, in addition to the usual rainy season hazards of floods and washed-out sections.[3]
The fact that the road started at Landless Corner, 69 km north of Lusaka, suited traffic to and from theCopperbelt. Lusaka did not become the capital of the country until about the time the road was built (1935) and it was not until the late 1940s that it became an important centre. A shortcut to Lusaka from Mumbwa via Nakachenje was built around this time.
This road was first paved around 1969, to a new alignment which, controversially for the residents of those towns, bypassed Mumbwa and Kaoma by a few kilometres. The Nakachenje branch was paved a little later. A lack of maintenance through the late 1970s and 1980s meant that by the 1990s the pavement of the road from Landless Corner was in bad condition and had lost in some sections. The Nakachenje branch was in better condition and became accepted as being the main road to the west while the Landless Corner to Mumbwa section was neglected, and by 2005[needs update], was a poor dirt road.
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| Route information | ||||
| Length | 120 km (75 mi) | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| East end | T2 (Great North Road) atLandless Corner | |||
| West end |  M9/D809/D180 inMumbwa | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | Zambia | |||
| Provinces | Central | |||
| Major cities | Mumbwa | |||
| Highway system | ||||
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The older route, from theLandless Corner junction with theT2 road (Great North Road) inChibombo District (70 kilometres north ofLusaka; 20 kilometres south ofChibombo) westwards toMumbwa is designated as the M20 in Zambia's road network.[1][2] It is 116 kilometres in length[4] up to Mumbwa Central and is in poor condition, with motorists having the impression that the road is really not being properly maintained.[5]
The newer route fromLusaka (Capital City) is designated as the M9.[1][2] It begins at the Kabwe Roundabout junction with theT2 (Great North Road;Cairo Road) and theT4 (Great East Road).[2] It heads westwards as Kalambo Road up to the junction with Lumumba Road. It then becomes Lumumba Road southwards up to its junction with Mumbwa Road, where it becomes Mumbwa Road westwards.[4][2] It continues as a single road of 580 kilometers for the remainder of its length.
The road heads west from the Lusaka city centre for 150 kilometres, passing through the northern part ofChilanga District (Mwembeshi), enteringCentral Province at Nakachenje and passing throughShibuyunji District, encountering the Mumbwa Toll Plaza,[6] to bypassMumbwa to the south. South-west of Mumbwa, the M9 connects to the M20 road (the old route from Landless Corner) via the D809.[2]
From Mumbwa, the M9 goes west for 130 kilometres as Mongu Road[4] to cross theKafue River as the Kafue Hook Bridge and enter the central area of theKafue National Park north of the town ofItezhi-Tezhi. It continues for another 120 kilometres,[4] enteringWestern Province and passing throughNkeyema District, to reach the town ofKaoma, which it bypasses to the south (the D301 provides access to the town centre).[2]
From Kaoma, the road goes west for 200 kilometres,[4] through the Mweeke Toll Plaza,[6] to the town ofMongu (capital of theWestern Province andBarotseland), where it ends at a roundabout intersection with theM10 road (which is coming fromSenanga and theNamibia Border in the south) and the D315 road (which is coming fromLimulunga in the north) adjacent to Barotse Shopping Mall.[2]
An ambitious project, theBarotse Floodplain causeway was started in 2002 to extend the road from Mongu to Kalabo on a 46-kilometrecauseway across theBarotse Floodplain, via the ferry across theZambezi's main channel at Sandaula, which would then be replaced by a 500-metre bridge. Originally intended to be completed in 2006, it has been delayed by technical problems of building on the floodplain, and consequent funding problems. The long term intention is to then continue the highway intoAngola and to connect with its road network as a new trade route for Zambia toAtlantic Ocean ports. This road to Angola is being created so that the road could finally rival theGreat East Road and theGreat North Road in Zambia's network.[7][8]
The road was constructed byAVIC International (Aviation Industry Corporation of China) and as of 2016, the road over theBarotse Floodplain has been completed, connecting Mongu and Kalabo by road. It consists of 26 bridges crossing the floodplain.[9][10]
On 6 October 2024, it was reported that Zambia had signed a $50 million cooperation agreement with the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) for the construction of the road from Kalabo westwards through Sikongo to the border with Angola.[11][12][13] The Minister of Finance (Situmbeko Musokotwane) stated that trade will improve between Zambia and Angola, as the project aligns with Zambia's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and with Africa's Agenda 2063.[11][12][13]
While the M9 fromLusaka ends at the roundabout-junction with theM10 road and the D315 road inMongu, the road continuing westwards from Mongu is designated as the D819 on the Zambian road network.[1][2] It goes westwards for 14 kilometres to the settlement namedLealui. From Lealui, the road continues westwards as the Barotse Floodplain Causeway for 34 kilometres, crossing theLubosi Imwiko II Bridge [de], up until it reaches a junction with the RD319 road at the settlement of Lutwi. The RD319 road, which is coming from Kalongola (south ofSenanga) in the south,[2][1] is the road which goes northwards toKalabo from this junction (22 kilometres), with a tollgate on this section (Tapo Toll Plaza[6]). The total distance from Mongu to Kalabo is 70 kilometres. The road is to proceed westwards as the D316[2] from Kalabo toSikongo, where the border intoAngola is situated.[14]
