| M19 multiple gun motor carriage | |
|---|---|
 A historical photograph of the M19 multiple gun motor carriage | |
| Type | Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1945–1953 (USA)1951–1978 (Netherlands) |
| Used by | United States |
| Wars | Korean War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Ordnance Department |
| Designed | 1943–1944 |
| Manufacturer | Cadillac |
| Produced | 1944–1945 |
| No. built | 285 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 38,499 lb (17,463 kg) |
| Length | 17 ft 11 in (5.46 m) |
| Width | 9 ft 4.0 in (2.845 m) |
| Height | 9 ft 10.0 in (2.997 m) |
| Crew | 6 |
Main armament | TwoBofors 40 mm guns with 352 rounds |
| Engine | Twin Cadillac Model 42, V-8,gasoline 220 hp (160 kW) |
| Suspension | torsion bar |
Operational range | 150 mi (241 km) |
| Maximum speed | 35.0 mph (56.3 km/h) |
TheM19 multiple gun motor carriage (MGMC) was aWorld War IIUnited States Armyself-propelled anti-aircraft weapon on theM24 lighttankchassis. It was equipped with two Bofors 40 mm guns. It was produced byCadillac andMassey Ferguson of Canada near the end of 1944.
The M19 was developed from the T65 which was based on theM5 light tank chassis. With the M5 going out of production, the project adopted the M24 Chaffee light tank chassis and was designated the T65E1. It was accepted into service in May 1944 as the M19 MGMC, equipping several U.S. Army anti-aircraft units during World War II. The M19A1 was an improved variant with an auxiliary engine and spare barrels for the 40 mm Bofors guns.
Although all M19s were produced during World War II, they did not reach operational capability until after the cessation of hostilities. The M19's first combat was in Korea in 1950 against North Korean forces.
The M19 MGMC had similar specifications to theM24 Chaffee. It was 17.9 ft (5.46 m) long, 9.33 ft (2.845 m) wide, and 9.83 ft (2.997 m) high. It had a weight of 38,499 lb (17,463 kg), and was powered with a 220 hp (160 kW) TwinCadillac Model 42, twinned-V-8 engine installation (two Model 42 Cadillac automobile V-8s driving a common gearbox). It could achieve a speed of 35 mph (56.3 km/h), and had a range of 150 mi (241 km). The vehicle was operated with a crew of six.[1]
The M19 evolved from the 40 mm gun motor carriage T65 project, which was based on anarmored force requirement for a light anti-aircraft vehicle based on theM5 light tank chassis. Although trials were successful and a production of 1,000 T65s had been requested, the project was stopped by the Ordnance Department since the M5A1 light tank chassis was being phased out of production.[1][2]
Since the T65 project was fading away, the Armored Force still needed a light anti-aircraft vehicle, so they made a new project (called T65E1) based on the new T24 chassis[3] (a prototype of the M24 Chaffee). The T65E1 had the same overall layout as the T65 GMC – gun turret at rear with the engines in the middle of the chassis – with a few minor tweaks (including an angulargun shield instead of a straight one).[1][4]
The T65E1 was accepted into service as the M19 gun motor carriage in May 1944 with an order for 904 production models,[1][5] which was sent to Cadillac.[6] Some 300 were built by Massey Ferguson (then Massey-Harris) in Canada. Production did not start until August of that year, and only 285 were produced by the end of the war.[7] The M19A1 had an auxiliary engine and generator to operate the 40 mm guns when the main engine was shut down,[1] and fixtures for carrying two spare gun barrels.[1]
The full order was not completed as the requirements for anti-aircraft weapons had changed and chassis were diverted to produce more of the Chaffee light tank.[1]
The M19 MGMC arrived too late to serve in Europe in World War II with the U.S. Army.[8] It was never delivered to other countries forLend-Lease or throughMilitary Assistance Program (though a few examples were transferred to the Netherlands in 1951 and the newly establishedJGSDF in 1954). It served in theKorean War, mostly as anassault gun.[1] It was used in the defense against the Chinese and North Korean forces on the Eastern side of the Chosin Reservoir by US Army units of the 31st and 32nd Infantry as well as in thePusan Perimeter fighting and later fighting in Korea. The 40 mm guns were especially effective against Chinesemass infantry charges in North Korea.[9]
