1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
Mâcon (French pronunciation:[mɑ.kɔ̃]ⓘ), historicallyanglicised asMascon, is a city in east-central France. It is theprefecture of thedepartment ofSaône-et-Loire inBourgogne-Franche-Comté. Mâcon is home to near 34,000 residents, who are referred to in French as Mâconnais. The city gave its name to the nearby vineyards and wineAOC.
The city lies on the western bank of the riverSaône, betweenBresse in the east and theBeaujolais hills in the south. Mâcon is the southernmost city in the department of Saône-et-Loire and the region ofBourgogne-Franche-Comté. It is 65 kilometres (40 miles) north ofLyon and 400 kilometres (249 miles) from Paris. The climate is temperate with a slight continental tendency.
Mâcon features anoceanic climate (Köppen:Cfb), with warm summers, slightly too cool to be calledhumid subtropical (Cfa). Winters are relatively cold by French standards, but milder and rainier than north of Mâcon. Most precipitation is in spring and autumn.
Climate data for Mâcon (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1943–present)
Theagglomeration of Mâcon originates from the establishment of anoppidum and of a river port by theCelts from theAedui, probably at the beginning of the first century BC. Known then under the name ofMatisco, the town developed significantly during the age of theRoman Empire. This is demonstrated by the large Roman hoard known as theMâcon Treasure that was discovered in the town in 1764, the remains of which is in theBritish Museum.[5] During the 4th century, the town was fortified.
During theMiddle Ages, Mâcon was the administrative center of acounty belonging to theDuchy of Burgundy at the extremity of the bridge over the Saône leading to theBresse territory belonging to theDuchy of Savoy. The town controlled access to present-day Lamartinien Valley (Val Lamartinien), where the southern end of the Côte de Bourgogne joins the first foothills of theBeaujolais hills, opening the way to the rich plains of theLoire.
The town is strategically built: it was a possible entrance into the kingdom for the Swiss or German mercenaries during theFrench Wars of Religion. On 3 June 1564,Charles IX fromChalon, stopped in the town during his Royal Tour of France (1564–1566), accompanied by the Court and the nobles of his kingdom, including his brother theDuke of Anjou,Henry of Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine.[6] He was welcomed by the QueenJeanne III of Navarre, nicknamed the "Queen of Protestants", and 1,500 Huguenots.
On 21 October 1790, the matriarch of a prominent local family gave birth to a son who remains highly visible in his hometown, theRomantic poet and historianAlphonse de Lamartine.[8]
In 1814, the town was invaded by Austrian troops and then liberated twice by French troops before being permanently occupied until the fall of the Empire. AfterNapoléon's return and the subsequentHundred Days, Mâcon and theMâconnais were again captured by the Austrians.
Commemorative plaques at 116 Rue du 28 Juin 1944 in Mâcon, at the site ofDr. Israël's assassination
DuringWorld War II, Mâcon was the northernmost town in the unoccupiedzone libre between Paris and Lyon. On 11 November 1942, followingOperation Anton, nearly eight hundred German soldiers settled in the city after crossing the demarcation line.[9] From that date onwards, theResistance was present in Mâcon. In April 1944, Jewish doctorLéon Israël was assassinated by theMilice.[10][11]
Saint-Clément Catholic Church in the district of Saint-Clément
Church Saint-Pierre, Place Saint-Pierre, opposite the town hall
The Municipal Olympic Pool of Mâcon
The Maison des Vins or Maison Mâconnaise des Vins, on De-Lattre de Tassigny Avenue.
The Quai Lamartine (quay), the Vallon des Rigollettes, the Physical Activity Training Course (P.A.P.A) and the Marina: many places suitable for walking and relaxing.
The Theater of Mâcon (public theatre) close to the Maison des vins, Droits de l'Homme esplanade.
Château Saint-Jean, in the old commune of Saint-Jean-le-Priche annexed to Mâcon in 1972
Château des Perrières, on a hill overlooking the town
Mâcon uses the urban transport serviceTréma, run by the organising transport authorities, the SITUM (Inter-communal City Transport Union of Mâconnais – Val de Saône). The SITUM currently consists of 3 members: CAMVAL (Agglomeration Community of Mâcon-Val de Saône) (26 communes) and theChaintré andCrêches-sur-Saône communes. The Urban Transport Area of the SITUM extends over 28 communes in total.
On the evening of 30 June 2009, the Mâcon Bus services ceased operation. This was due to the public service delegation contract between the SITUM and the Mâcon Bus company (a subsidiary ofTransdev), operating the network since 1987, not being renewed at the last call for bids. So since 1 July 2009, the company CarPostal Mâcon (CarPostal France's subsidiary) has been providing city transport services on the network renamed Tréma.
The network Tréma, restructured on 31 August 2009, made the following bid:
a transport service requested by TrémA'Fil to operate in the other communes of the SITUM area, to increase the frequency of the less busy regular lines (F and G) and to offer a service for each city stop in the morning before the beginning of services for scheduled lines and in the evening after the end of the services.
school lines named TrémA'Scol.
Mâcon is run by the network Buscephale ofSaône-et-Loire's local council.
Mâcon has fivecollèges and fourlycées. These establishments are in the same area in the west of the city, with the exception of the collèges Schuman (north) and Saint-Exupéry (south).
Mâcon is one of the department's major employment areas which is by far the most dynamic (13.5% increase between 1999 and 2006) compared to cities such asChalon-sur-Saône orMontceau-les-Mines which are losing jobs. This dynamism is particularly helped by the many transport links available and its proximity toLyon.
The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Mâcon proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Mâcon absorbed the former commune of Saint-Clément in 1856, Flacé-lès-Mâcon in 1964, Saint-Jean-le-Priche and Sennecé-lès-Mâcon in 1971 and Loché in 1972.[14]
Mâcon Cathedral (Cathédrale le Vieux Saint-Vincent)Saint-Pierre Church (1859–1865)The Hôtel-Dieu, built in the 18th century by Melchior Munet, a student ofSoufflot
Mâcon's town center of extends fromPlace Gardon, in the north, to the Roundabout of Europe in the south, fromPlace de la Barre, in the west, to the banks along the Saône to the east.The quarters of the town's centre are varied:
The center by the town hall is the town's shopping area (rue Carnot, rue Dufour, rue Sigorgne, rue Philibert-Laguiche, rue Dombert, rue Franche, the quay Lamartine, the esplanade Lamartine and rue de la Barre). Most landmarks are in this conventionalcentre-ville including the Cathedral of Saint-Vincent, the Church of Saint Pierre and the town's two museums.
The Saint-Antoine district is centred around thePlace aux Herbes and the historic heart despite its relative distance from the town hall. This district covers the northern part of the town centre; it is crossed by the rue de Strasbourg and consists of narrow lanes. There is the prefecture (district headquarters) of Saône-et-Loire and the old Saint-Vincent Cathedral (Vieux Saint-Vincent).
West lies theSquare de la Paix, bordered by the Hôtel-Dieu, the Palais de Justice, Saint-Vincent Cathedral, plus the Vallon des Rigollettes and theHéritan district.
From the late 1990s to the early 2000s, the esplanadeLamartine underwent extensive redevelopment and upgrades. The winding car park and damaged cobblestones were replaced by an underground car park on three levels, a larger and brighter esplanade, bars, and a stage on the water (of theSaône river) which now accommodates various events, concerts and shows. The Statue Lamartine, which sits proudly on the esplanade, was completely renovated. Small gardens now brighten up the immense space that Mâcon's EsplanadeLamartine occupies. All along, one can find an extract from the famous poem byLamartine, "Le Lac": "Time, halt in your flight... " engraved in the ground in silver letters.
The north of Mâcon is split, with the Neustadt roundabout marking the boundary between the two sections.Flacé-lès-Mâcon, a village built in the city, constitutes the north-west of Mâcon. In addition to the adjoining Town Hall, church and small downtown area,Flacé consists entirely of residential areas. The north-east of Mâcon is composed of various residential areas and the town's sport centres (Physical Activity Training Course (P.A.P.A), public swimming pool, Centre for Sports Education, rowing, sailing and water skiing clubs, several football fields and clubs, and the Sports Palace). The residential areas consist mainly of low-rent council estates (HLM) with districts such as the priority development areas (ZUP) of Mâcon or the boulevard des États-Unis (road belonging administratively to the Saugeraies district).
The south of Mâcon is composed of three major areas.
The first area is theSaint-Clément/Les Blanchettes block, also calledPercée Sud.Saint-Clément only accounts for a small area but it is southern Mâcon's main business area with the Europe roundabout.Les Blanchettes is a district of low-rent council estates (HLM) passing through Édouard-Herriot Avenue. It is a very woody area, which includes most notably theParc des Allumettes and its numerous games for children. The Romanesque church is inSaint-Clément, bearing the name of this town.
The second area is the largest in this part of the town; it is the industrial area south of Mâcon (the largest metropolitan area) which is composed of the Port River at Mâcon (6 in France).
The third and final area in the south of Mâcon is theChanaye / Fontenailles and is southwest of the town.Fontenailles is a residential area consisting of detached houses.La Chanaye (pronounced "Chanai") is an area of low-rent council estates (HLM) bordered by the greenhouses of Mâcon. This district, along with the Boulevard des États-Unis, Saint-Clément/les Blanchettes and priority development areas (ZUP) of Mâcon, belongs to the sensitive urban zones (French ZUS).
The west of Mâcon is the least populated part of the town. This hosts Mâcon'slycées (René Cassin,Lamartine, Alexandre Dumaine andOzanam) and most of the colleges, along with some residential areas merged with those ofCharnay-lès-Mâcon, the Hospital of Mâcon and the historic working class area of Mâcon,Bioux.
Formerly an independent commune,Flacé-lès-Mâcon was re-attached to Mâcon in 1965. It is now a residential area with a very prominent village atmosphere.
Mâcon holds the headquarters of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Saône-et-Loire, which manages the river port of Mâcon through Aproport, the Automotive Training Center (CFA Automobile) and the Mâcon-Charnay airport. The headquarters for the Chamber of Agriculture of Saône-et-Loire is also based in Mâcon.
The "Été frappé" Festival, a free art and music festival, takes place every summer from June to August all over the town (notably on theLamartine esplanade alongside the riverSaône) featuring many concerts of a wide range of musical styles (classical, French song, jazz, rock, folk, hip-hop, rap), many shows (dance, comedy), open air film shows, open air plays, sporting events. In 2011, 48.000 people attended the festival.[16]
Mâcon has 73 clubs with 55 organisations, 40 different sports to play, and 14,506 members of a sports association (42% of the population). It was elected the most sportive town in France in 2001.
The A.S Mâcon rugby club is now progressing to 'Fédérale 2' (the 4th division in the rugby union club championship). They reached the highest level in 1987–1988 (ASM appeared in the Pool league withBiarritz Olympique'sSerge Blanco, theUS Dax, Montpellier Hérault RC Montpellier and Lavelanet).
The rowing club (the Régates Mâconnaises) is a leading sport clubs in the town. Each year it organises several major events (regional, national championships) and sends many of its rowers to the biggest competitions. Similarly, each year, the Stade Nautique Mâconnais sends swimmers to the France N1 swimming championships.
A motor boating Grand Prix is held annually in late September (part of the speed championship of France in categories S2000 and S3000).
The Municipal Band of Mâcon.
The Mâcon Academy is extensive and nationally recognised.
TheParc des Sports et des Loisirs is a sports and leisure park in the north-west outskirts of the city. The park contains the Stade Marie-José Perec and Espace Sportif et de Loisirs Antoine Griezmann, which is an athletics stadium and two synthetic football pitches. There are also tennis courts, archer and the bike park hurigny. Additionally, the park hosts the Association Moto Club de Mâcon (AMCM), which runsmotorcycle speedway and flat track racing on theMâcon speedway track.[17]
Mâcon's sugary specialties are acake made ofmeringue and filled withbutter cream named "l'idéal mâconnais", and a sugarypâtisserie made of a very thincigarette-shapedwaffle named "la gaufrette mâconnaise" ("gaufrette" meaning "little waffle" inFrench).
Mâcon is surrounded by a vineyard of 12,355 acres (5,000 ha) which produces 49 million bottles of wine including the famous crus likeSaint-Véran orPouilly-Fuissé.
West of Mâcon, there is theCharolais area famous for its white-coated cattle.
^"Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved2 December 2022.
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