Lulism Lulismo | |
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| Leader | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Founder | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Founded | 2003; 22 years ago (2003) |
| Membership | Workers' Party Brazil of Hope |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | |
| Part of a series on |
| Lulism |
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Lulism (Brazilian Portuguese:Lulismo) is a political ideology describing the 2006 consolidation of segments ofBrazilian society previously hostile tosocial movements and theWorkers' Party behind political forces led byPresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva,[28] appealed by a controlledreformism and limited structural change focused on the poorest sections of society.[29] Thelower classes, who had distanced themselves from Lula, accepted his candidacy after his first term as President as themiddle class turned from him. Therhetoric andpraxis which united the maintenance of stability and state distributism are the origins of Lulism.[28] While advocatingsocialism, Lulism aims for a 'social liberal' approach that gradually resolves the gap between the rich and the poor in a market-oriented way.[4][30]
Brazilian manufacturers, banks and retailers benefited from the consumption-led and credit-fueled government economic model.[31] According toAndré Singer, who coined the term: "The convergence of interests of the private industry sector on one side, and of the organized labor force on the other, led to the stability that allowed this political system to take the form of a sort of consensus".[32] This equilibrium allowed the government to gradually make significant changes in policy. In the Lulism movement, non-confrontation is asine qua non for development. It is part of the Latin American leftist wave known asSocialism of the 21st century.[33]
The word Lulism was coined byAndré Singer, a political scientist and Lula's press secretary from 2003 to 2005 and spokesperson during his presidency from 2002 to 2007.[29][34][35][36] Originating in the2002 presidential campaign, Lulism departed from the left-wing politics of the Workers' Party until late 2001[28] and abandoned the concepts of organization and mobilization. Since Lulism is a model of enforced change within order, mobilization is unnecessary and conflict is eliminated.[35]
A 2009 article written for theInstituto Millenium said that "liberals are cornered" after "more than six years of Lulism".Patrícia Carlos de Andrade adopted that view: "According to her, the term 'liberal' is mistranslated in Brazil as 'rightist' or 'supportive ofmilitary dictatorships'. In the war for public opinion, the so-called left always got the better, Singer says".[37] Lula da Silva has also been described in media and books as a "liberal" in the sense ofsocial rather thanclassical.[5][38][39]
Lulism sought reconciliation between Lula and the largeBrazilian conservative sector.[35][40] Ironically,[41] it is a conservative social pact combining the economic policy ofFernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003) with thedistributive policies of Lula's government (2002–2010).[34]
Under the auspices of conciliation,[42] Lulism represents an "appeasement of social conflicts, of which thebourgeoisie has always [been] too afraid, especially in a country of great inequality as is the case of Brazil" because it envisions a "reduction-agenda poverty and inequality, but under the aegis of a weak reformism".[41] This social change model is explained as a "conservative variant of modernization" in which the state has a "prominent role in leveraging the poorest", ensuring that Brazilian social structural problems will not be touched (in other words, without conflicting with the financial interests of the conservative elite).[42] Lulism "concocted new ideological, under-union banners that seemed to combine" continuity of the Lula and Cardoso governments inmacroeconomic policy based on three pillars, namely inflation control, a floating exchange rate and a budgetary surplus.[28]
Another feature distinguishing Lulism as a political movement is its nonpartisan character. It overlaps the political parties, including the Workers' Party founded by Lula.[43]
With later events in Brazilian politics, such as theimpeachment of Dilma Rousseff, thearrest of Lula on 7 April 2018 and PresidentMichel Temer'sreform of labour laws,[44] some political commentators are arguing for a second phase of Lulism, now more radical and more left-orientated.[14]
Several Latin American politicians such asOllanta Humala,José Mujica,Mauricio Funes, andFernando Lugo have cited Lulism and Chavism as political models and alternatives to theWashington Consensus.[45]
In this manner, while the social liberalism of Lulismo favored the agenda of the local actors advancing sustainability and CSR projects in Brazil, and further tilted the discursive field in favor of the transnational sustainability ...
Lula presented the liberal vision for Brazil.
Later, as the military regime waned, he was one of the national founders of the Workers' Party (PT), personally allying with the urban union leader, now president of Brazil, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. He, Lula, and the PT in turn allied themselves with the cause of democratic socialism around the world.
Lula da Silva set out to show that contemporary 'liberal socialism' can work with the market and capitalism for the benefit of all the people, while promoting public services.
Lula da Silva's form of economic liberalism can be classified as "socialist neoliberalism." This means that one uses the wealth generated by the market to finance social programs to lift people out of poverty.
In Brazil Lula too adopted fiscally conservative policies[permanent dead link]
Other experiences that can be mentioned here are centre-left governments such as Lula da Silva's in Brazil, Tabaré Vázquez's and Pepe Mujica's in Uruguay, and Néstor Kirchner's and Cristina Fernández Kirchner's in Argentina.
As a pragmatic ideology that is on the center-left, lulism is referred to as "socialist neoliberalism" because of its pragmatic philosophy
Since becoming a politician, Lula's positions have become increasingly centrist. He would probably be a good fit for Germany's center-left Social Democratic Party (SPD).
... President Luiz Inácio (Lula) de Silva during his first term (2003–6) followed social-liberal policies ...
Voters chose between the conservative Jair Bolsonaro and the liberal Lula da Silva.
Perhaps the dimension which is more properly liberal has been the configuration of the Brazilian state, put forward by Lula Da Silva, that is concerned with the fight against hunger.
