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Lule–Vilela
Geographic distribution	northern Argentina
Linguistic classification	One of the world's primarylanguage families
Subdivisions	Lule† Vilela† ?Tonocoté†
Language codes
Glottolog	None

The twoLule–Vilela languages constitute a small, distantly relatedlanguage family of northern Argentina. Kaufman found the relationship likely and with general agreement among the major classifiers of South American languages. Viegas Barros published additional evidence from 1996–2006. However, Zamponi (2008) considers Lule and Vilela each as language isolates, with similarities being due to contact.^[1]

Internal classification of the Lule–Vilela languages byMason (1950):^[2]

Unclassfied languages areTonocoté, Matará, and Guacará.^[2]

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Lule, Vilela, and Chunupí.^[3]

gloss	Lule	Vilela	Chunupí
one	alapea
two	tamop
three	tamlip
head	tokó	niskún	niskan
tooth	l'ú	lupé
water	to	má	maá
fire	ikue	nié	nié
sun	ini	oló	oló
moon		kopi	kokpi
star		tókxo
tree	é
maize	pilis
fish	peás
dog		huan-okol
jaguar		ikém	ikempé
black		kirimit

Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms atAppendix:Proto-Lule-Vilela reconstructions

For reconstructions of Proto-Lule-Vilela by Viegas Barros (2006),^[4] see the correspondingSpanish article.

• Viegas Barros, J. P. (2001). "Evidencias del parentesco de las lenguas lule y vilela".Colección Folklore y Antropología, 4. Santa Fe: Subsecretaría de Cultura, Dirección Provincial de Gestión Cultural. pp. 15–21.
• Adelaar, William F.H.; Pieter C. Muysken (2004).The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 385–392.ISBN 0-521-36275-X.
• Greenberg, Joseph; Ruhlen, Merritt (2007-09-04).An Amerind Etymological Dictionary(PDF) (12 ed.). Stanford: Dept. of Anthropological Sciences Stanford University. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2010-12-25. Retrieved2008-06-27.

• Alain Fabre. 2005.Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos.'Lule–Vilela'

• Lule–Vilela languages
• Languages of Argentina
• Language families

• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Articles needing translation from Spanish Wikipedia
• Families rejected by Glottolog