 | This articlecontains one or more duplicated citations. The reason given is:DuplicateReferences detected: It is recommended to usenamed references to consolidate citations that are used multiple times.(September 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Lower Burdekin | |
|---|---|
| (geographic) | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Juru,Bindal? |
| Extinct | ca. 1900 |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xbb – inclusive codeIndividual code: ljx – Yuru |
xbb | |
| Glottolog | bind1234 Cunningham listbind1235 Gorton listbind1236 Mount Elliot (O'Connor) listyuru1264 Yuru |
| AIATSIS[1] | E62 Yuru |
 Lower Burdekin languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan) | |
TheLower Burdekin languages were probably three distinctAboriginal languages, or alternatively dialects of a single language,[2] spoken around the mouth of theBurdekin River in northQueensland. One short wordlist in each was collected in the 19th century, and published in the second volume ofThe Australian Race in 1886. These languages have since goneextinct, with no more having been recorded. Due to the paucity of the available data, almost nothing of theirgrammatical structure is known.
The O'Connor language goes by the nameYuru, and may have beenDyirbalic;[3] others may have beenMaric. However, Breen analysed two of the lists and concluded that they were different languages, neither Maric.[3] He presumes that one of them wasBindal.[4]
| English gloss | Cunningham vocabulary | Gorton vocabulary | O'Connor vocabulary (Yuru) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kangaroo | hoora | wootha | arragoo |
| Opossum | moonganna | goong | onehunger |
| Tame dog | oogier | minde | oodoodoo |
| Emu | kowwerra | goondaloo | karboonmillery |
| Black duck | yammooroo | buggininulli | hoorooburry |
| Wood duck | mumboogooba | detto | culburh |
| Pelican | boloona | booloon | dooroomully |
| Laughing jackass | kowurgurra | kookaburra | karcoobura |
| Native companion | braroogan | buberenulli | kooroogowgun |
| White cockatoo | digooi | bugina | bunginna |
| Crow | wyaguna | wethergun | wombugah |
| Swan | woergerella | ||
| Egg | wyoorda | werroo | gunnoo |
| Track of a foot | dooigooburra | yulmun | |
| Fish | weenburra | kooia | weambura |
| Lobster | koongooya | goonaway | boogurrie |
| Crayfish | goombarroo | inundah | |
| Mosquito | kowearoo | dee | hoonhoono |
| Fly | karoovella | nin | |
| Snake | oongullab | wormbaloo | boongi (carpet) |
| The Blacks | murre | dulgooh | |
| A Blackfellow | dulgooh | ||
| A Black woman | wurrungooa | gungan | tudgegun |
| 2 Blacks | blarin dulgooh | ||
| 3 Blacks | wungoo dulgooh | ||
| Nose | urrooa | woodroo | wuneary |
| Hand | mobirra | mulbroo | wurrumby |
| One | warmina | warrin | |
| Two | blareena | bool | blarin |
| Three | kudjua | ka | wungoo |
| Four | kulburra | murragi | |
| Father | kiya | yaba, yabo | abah |
| Mother | younga | yanga | yunguma |
| Elder sister | kootha | kooda | |
| Elder brother | wabooa | kudun | |
| A young man | karrebella | thillagal | deebahgul |
| An old man | booingermunna | bunganan | nuganugamun |
| An old woman | boingergunna | bulnagun | bundeyun |
| A baby | mullererammoo | cowla | |
| A White man | yooarroo | yuarroo | |
| Children | erroomunna | moolaramoo | |
| Head | kurria | kabbon | karboyan |
| Eye | mudjura | deburri | deebara |
| Ear | awbilla | wobbilla | kungun |
| Mouth | da | yawirra | unga |
| Teeth | irra | woonung | dingull |
| Hair of the head | gunnarri | targuinn | |
| Beard | thungier | thungi | talba |
| Thunder | degoroo | digoro | burrahroo |
| Grass | wudthoor | quwytho | narahminie |
| Tongue | thullamia | dulling | |
| Stomach | bunboona | borlo | boonda |
| Breasts | woorga | wuggunna | dulnbinn |
| Thigh | toomburra | thoombur | duburrin |
| Foot | dingooburra | bulliger | dingooburra |
| Bone | bulbanna | mimmoon | |
| Blood | gwiburri | moondtha | queeberry |
| Skin | yoolanna | uline | mindeer |
| Fat | towie | koonoo, goomo | boongaroo |
| Bowels | gurroona | kullinga | yaboo |
| Excrement | goonna | goonna | guno |
| War-spear | nirremoo | woomburro | woolunbura |
| Reed-spear | wollaburra | (none used) | |
| Wommera or throwing-stick | birrana | buddurrie | |
| Shield | goolmurri | gooldinare | poodda poodda |
| Tomahawk | bulgooa | nubanin | oolun |
| Canoe | kobbetheba | bettel-bettel | karbeyal |
| Sun | burgorri | kartri | mulloun |
| Moon | bowarri | waboonburra | |
| Star | bunjoldi | tor, bangala | dirilger |
| Light | burgungubba | baragunna | |
| Dark | wooroowobba | moonoo | wulhurrie |
| Cold | didoora | detto | orbehgun |
| Heat | towarroo | moondo moondo | |
| Day | woorabunda | unbur | |
| Night | wooroonga | woormooga | |
| Fire | wygunna | booninin | neebull |
| Water | kowara | thoolanoo | dunjun |
| Smoke | toogar | doongin | |
| Ground | nannier | numera | dingur |
| Wind | quioona | queeyon | uinne |
| Rain | yoogana | broothi | marroo |
| Wood | doola | dulla | moora |
| Stone | burreea | burtheroo | bungil |
| Camp | yaamba | yamba | midera |
| Yes | yea | umba | yu yow |
| No | kurra | kateka | karbil |
| I | iyooa | uda | |
| You | yindooa | ninda | |
| Bark | bulgan | boogoo | bulgun |
| Good | boongoon | ||
| Bad | kooyooa | diga | |
| Sweet | kowangubba | goondi | |
| Food | igango | dungee, ogoo | |
| Hungry | nagnoora | kabbil | garoo |
| Thirsty | dthunginna | armboo yulburana | |
| Eat | igango | dulgee ogoo | |
| Sleep | boogoora | boogooroo | boog oggba |
| Drink | bithungo | bitthana | kudge ogoo |
| Walk | kunnaigo | warin | |
| See | timmi | thimmi | na |
| Sit | thunnango | thunara | duri |
| Yesterday | yambowerroe | dirrierih | |
| To-day | nilla | nilla | cudgin |
| To-morrow | burgenda | burringa | burrigunda |
| Where are the Blacks? | ondia murre? | ulba dalgul? | |
| I don't know | kurra mira | carbilbrather | |
| Plenty | qniarilla [sic] | murrgi | |
| Big | wiarra | yunga | |
| Little | wa-baw-au-boona | wabungam | arbooro |
| Dead | waulgoona | wolgoon | walgoon |
| By-and-by | thagoo | boodinhi | |
| Come on | kowa | kooa |