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Legend:unrounded • rounded |
Anopen vowel is avowel sound in which the tongue is positioned approximately as far as possible from the roof of the mouth. Open vowels are sometimes also calledlow vowels (in U.S. terminology)[1] in reference to the low position of the tongue.
In the context of thephonology of any particular language, alow vowel can be any vowel that is more open than amid vowel. That is,open-mid vowels,near-open vowels, and open vowels can all be considered low vowels.
The open vowels with dedicated symbols in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet are:
There also are central vowels that do not have dedicated symbols in the IPA:
There is no unambiguous way of transcribing the open central vowels (but see obsolete/nonstandard IPAᴀ). The diaeresis indicatescentralization, so ⟨ä⟩ could mean near-front and ⟨ɒ̈⟩ could mean near-back. However, in practice the diaeresis is assumed to mean central, while ⟨a̠⟩ and ⟨ɒ̟⟩ are used for the front and back articulations, respectively.
The extremely rare contrast between open front, central and back unrounded vowels has been reported to occur in theHamont-Achel dialect ofLimburgish, which features long versions of these sounds, as well as short versions of the open front and back vowels. The short versions do not contrast directly with the open central vowel, which can only be long.[3]
