 Cover first edition,Jonathan Cape, 1933 | |
| Author | Walter Greenwood |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Cape |
Publication date | 1933 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
Love on the Dole is a novel byWalter Greenwood, about working-class poverty in 1930sNorthern England. It has been made into both a play and a film.
Walter Greenwood's novel (1933) was written during the early 1930s as a response to the crisis of unemployment, which was being felt locally, nationally, and internationally. It is set in Hanky Park, an industrial slum inSalford, where Greenwood was born and brought up. The novel begins around the time of theGeneral Strike of 1926, but its main action takes place in 1931.
The novel follows the Hardcastle family as they are pulled apart by mass unemployment. The 17-year-old Harry Hardcastle of Mansfield, studying in Lincoln, starts the novel working in a pawn shop, but is attracted to the glamour of working in the engineering factory Marlows Ltd. After seven years working there as an apprentice, he is laid off in the midst of the Great Depression, and is from that point on unable to find work. He becomes romantically involved with a girl on his street, Helen, whom he gets pregnant; this forces them to marry, despite the fact that Harry now not only is unemployed but also has been taken off the dole by themeans test. Sally Hardcastle, his older sister, falls in love with a doomed socialist agitator, Larry Meath, and suffers the unwelcome attention of the local illicit bookmaker, Sam Grundy. Sally feels unable to compete with Meath's socialist intellectualism, highlighting not only the economic but also the intellectual poverty of the local working-class community. The novel's climax focuses on an actual march, in which theNUWM marched on Salford Town Hall in October 1931. The march itself was met with violent police resistance; in the book, Larry Meath dies as a result of blows to the head from a policeman's truncheon. After Larry Meath's death, Sally despondently succumbs to the attentions of Sam Grundy, which allows both her father and brother finally to find work.
The novel received much attention from writers, journalists, and politicians, who were all moved by its description of poverty, but, more importantly, by its account of a working-class community attempting to deal with that poverty with dignity and intelligence. Reviewing the American edition of the novel,Iris Barry stated: "Love on the Dole is the real thing."[1]Edith Sitwell, for example, also wrote: "I do not know when I have been so deeply, terribly moved." It was a commercial success, with three impressions that year, and eight more by 1939.
Greenwood said he had "tried to show what life means to a young man living under the shadow of the dole, the tragedy of a lost generation who are denied consummation, in decency, of the natural hopes and desires of youth."
The novel was adapted for the stage byRonald Gow, and opened at theManchester Repertory Theatre in 1934, withWendy Hiller as Sally Hardcastle. The "real" speech and contemporary social themes were new to British audiences. One reviewer said the play had been "conceived and written in blood."[2] It toured Britain with two separate companies, playing up to three performances a day, sometimes in cinemas in towns that had no theatre. A million people had seen it by the end of 1935. Runs in London, New York and Paris followed, making a name for Wendy Hiller, who married Gow in 1937.
But not all reviewers were impressed: writing in theNew Statesman,Seán O'Casey said that "there isn't a character in it worth a curse, and there isn't a thought in it worth remembering."[3]
Love on the Dole drew the British public's attention to a social problem in the United Kingdom in a similar way thatLook Back in Anger (1956),Cathy Come Home (1966) orBoys from the Blackstuff (1982) would do for future generations (although its style is closer to 1915'sHobson's Choice). The historianStephen Constantine attributed the impact ofLove on the Dole to the way it moved the mostly middle-class audiences without blaming them[4] – Gow said he "aimed to touch the heart".[2] In 1999, it was one of theNational Theatre's100 Plays of the Century.[5]
In 1967 the play was adapted forGranada Television by John Finch, with a cast includingGeorge A. Cooper,Martin Shaw,Malcolm Tierney, andAnne Stallybrass as Sally Hardcastle.
Amusical version of the play opened at theNottingham Playhouse in 1970, written by Terry Hughes and Robert Gray, with music by Alan Fluck, directed and choreographed byGillian Lynne.
Although the book and play were successful, theBritish Board of Film Censors (BBFC) would not allow a film to be made during the 1930s: it was a "very sordid story in very sordid surroundings", and in Gow's words "regarded as 'dangerous'".[2] In 1936, the BBFC rejected a proposed film version ofLove on the Dole.[6]
It was eventually filmed and released in 1941 byBritish National Films, withDeborah Kerr as Sally.[7] But by then social conditions were being radically changed by theSecond World War.
The film was the first English-made feature film to show British police wieldingtruncheons against a crowd.[8]