Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos is acritically endangered vegetation type that is endemic toCape Town. Though closest toFynbos, it has characteristics of bothFynbos andRenosterveld vegetation and is thus actually a unique hybrid vegetation type.[1][2]
This ecosystem occurs only in what is now the eastern corner of the city - in and around the suburbs ofSomerset West andStrand. It is located at the juncture between the mountain ranges in the east and theCape Flats lowlands, and has a unique geology influenced by the underground flow of water from the mountains and the presence of a special kind of silt soil.[3]
Restio andAsteraceous (daisy) species are most common, withProteas andEricas being relatively rarer. There are spots which are home to an unusually enormous variety and density ofbulbs. Taller shrubs proliferate along the banks of streams.
This was one of the earliest of the Cape's vegetation types to be largely destroyed, as the Lourensford area was transformed for farming as early as the 1600s. Large farms such asVergelegen were built on top of this delicate vegetation and as the first botanical surveys were only carried out many years later, there is no record of what has been lost. CommercialPine plantations were planted over much of the remaining area and now only small pockets of this critically endangered ecosystem remain. Altogether, less than 5% still survives and less than 1% is conserved. This is unsustainable and well below the national conservation target of 30%. The tinyHarmony Flats reserve conserves a patch of this vegetation but even this is too small to be ecologically viable. Now the main threats come from domestic cats and dogs, dumping of garden refuse,sand theft and invasive alien plants such aswattles andKikuyu grass.
TheGeometric tortoise used to be found primarily in Alluvium Fynbos. Now, with its habitat largely destroyed, it is also critically endangered.Harmony Flats Nature Reserve, which conserves Alluvium Fynbos, lost its last population of these tortoises which became extinct here in the 1980s.[4]
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